Acetary - Acinose
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Acetary (ăs�t�r�), n. [L. acetaria salad plants.] An acid pulp in certain fruits, as the pear. Grew.
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Acetate (�), n. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) A salt formed by the union of acetic acid with a base or positive radical; as, acetate of lead, acetate of potash.
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Acetated (�), a. Combined with acetic acid.
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Acetic (#; 277), a. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] (Chem.) (a) Of a pertaining to vinegar; producing vinegar; producing vinegar; as, acetic fermentation. (b) Pertaining to, containing, or derived from, acetyl, as acetic ether, acetic acid. The latter is the acid to which the sour taste of vinegar is due.
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Acetification (�), n. The act of making acetous or sour; the process of converting, or of becoming converted, into vinegar.
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Acetifier (�), n. An apparatus for hastening acetification. Knight.
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Acetify (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acetified (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Acetifying (�).] [L. acetum vinegar + -fly.] To convert into acid or vinegar.
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Acetify, v. i. To turn acid. Encyc. Dom. Econ.
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Acetimeter (�), n. [L. acetum vinegar + -meter: cf. F. acétimètre.] An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar or in any liquid containing acetic acid.
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Acetimetry (�), n. The act or method of ascertaining the strength of vinegar, or the proportion of acetic acid contained in it. Ure.
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Acetin (�), n. (Chem.) A combination of acetic acid with glycerin. Brande & C.
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Acetize (�), v. i. To acetify. [R.]
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acetol (?), n. [Acetic + -ol as in alcohol.] (Chem.) 1. Methyl ketol; also, any of various homologues of the same.
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1. [cap.] a trade name used at different times to represent different substances, as hydroxyacetone, acetylsalicylic acid, acetal, diethyl aldehyde, or cellulose acetate. MI11
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Acetometer (�), n. Same as . Brande & C.
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Acetonæmia, -nemia (�), n. [NL. See ; .] (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by the presence of acetone in the blood, as in diabetes.
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Acetone (�), n. [See .] (Chem.) A volatile liquid consisting of three parts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen; pyroacetic spirit, -- obtained by the distillation of certain acetates, or by the destructive distillation of citric acid, starch, sugar, or gum, with quicklime.
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☞ The term in also applied to a number of bodies of similar constitution, more frequently called ketones. See .
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Acetonic (�), a. Of or pertaining to acetone; as, acetonic bodies.
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Acetonuria (?), n. [NL. See ; .] (Med.) Excess of acetone in the urine, as in starvation or diabetes; -- a form of ketonuria.
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acetophenetidin n. 1. 1 a white crystalline compound used as an analgesic and also as an antipyretic.
Syn. -- acetphenetidin, phenacetin
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Acetophenone (-fēnōn), n. [Acetic + phenyl + one.] (Chem.) A crystalline ketone, CH3.CO.C6H5, which may be obtained by the dry distillation of a mixture of the calcium salts of acetic and benzoic acids. It is used as a hypnotic under the name of hypnone.
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Acetose (ăs�tōs), a. Sour like vinegar; acetous.
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Acetosity (�), n. [LL. acetositas. See .] The quality of being acetous; sourness.
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Acetous (#; 277), a. [L. acetum vinegar, fr. acere to be sour.] 1. Having a sour taste; sour; acid. “An acetous spirit.” Boyle. “A liquid of an acetous kind.” Bp. Lowth.
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2. Causing, or connected with, acetification; as, acetous fermentation.
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Coloq. Acetous acid , a name formerly given to vinegar, which is a dilute solution of acetic acid.
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acetphenetidin n. 1. a white crystalline compound used as an analgesic and also as an antipyretic.
Syn. -- acetophenetidin, phenacetin
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Acetyl (�), n. [L. acetum vinegar + Gr. � substance. See .] (Chem.) A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.
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acetylate v. i. 1. (Chem.) receive substitution of an acetyl group; of chemical compounds
Syn. -- acetylize
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acetylate v. t. (Chem.) 1 introduce an acetyl group into a chemical compound
Syn. -- acetylize
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acetylcholine n. 1. a neurotransmitter released by the transmitting dendron at autononmous synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. It is a quaternary amine with an obligatory negative counterion. The nominal formula for the hydroxide form is C7H17NO3. Structural formula (CH3)3N(+)CH2CH2.O.CO.CH3.OH(-). Acetylcholine is the first recognized and best-studied of the neurotransmitters. At receptors it is recycled into choline by the action of acetylcholinesterase. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors therefore function as nerve poisons. For biochemical studies it is prepared typically in the chloride or bromide forms.
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acetylcholinesterase n. 1. an enzyme which exists in nerve cells and hydrolyses acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. It is essential for neurotransmission at autonomous synapses and neuromuscular junctions, and its inhibition by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can paralyze or kill an animal.
Syn. -- ACE
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Acetylene (�), n. (Chem.) A gaseous compound of carbon and hydrogen, in the proportion of two atoms of the former to two of the latter. It is a colorless gas, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and is produced for use as an illuminating gas in a number of ways, but chiefly by the action of water on calcium carbide. Its light is very brilliant. Watts.
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{ Ach, Ache } (�), n. [F. ache, L. apium parsley.] A name given to several species of plants; as, smallage, wild celery, parsley. [Obs.] Holland.
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{ Achæan (�), Achaian (�) } a. [L. Achaeus, Achaius; Gr. �.] Of or pertaining to Achaia in Greece; also, Grecian. -- n. A native of Achaia; a Greek.
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Acharnement (�), n. [F.] Savage fierceness; ferocity.
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Achate (�), n. An agate. [Obs.] Evelyn.
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Achate (�), n. [F. achat purchase. See .]
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1. Purchase; bargaining. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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2. pl. Provisions. Same as . [Obs.] Spenser.
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Achatina (�), n. [NL., from Gr. � agate.] (Zoöl.) A genus of land snails, often large, common in the warm parts of America and Africa.
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Achatour (�), n. [See .] Purveyor; acater. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Ache (�), n. [OE. ache, AS. æce, ece, fr. acan to ache. See , v. i.] Continued pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. “Such an ache in my bones.” Shak.
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☞ Often used in composition, as, a headache, an earache, a toothache.
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Ache (�), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ached (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Aching (�).] [OE. aken, AS. acan, both strong verbs, AS. acan, imp. ōc, p. p. acen, to ache; perh. orig. to drive, and akin to agent.] To suffer pain; to have, or be in, pain, or in continued pain; to be distressed. “My old bones ache.” Shak.
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The sins that in your conscience ache.
Keble.
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Achean (�), a & n. See , .
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{ Achene (�), Achenium (�) } n. [Gr. 'a priv. + � to gape.] (Bot.) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup; -- called a naked seed by the earlier botanists. [Written also akene and achænium.]
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Achenial (�), a. Pertaining to an achene.
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Acheron (�), n. [L., fr. Gr. �.] (Myth.) A river in the Nether World or infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf. Shak.
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Acherontia n. 1. 1 death's-head moth.
Syn. -- genus Acherontia
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Acherontic (�), a. Of or pertaining to Acheron; infernal; hence, dismal, gloomy; moribund.
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Acheta n. 1. a genus of Orthopteran insects consisting of common house and field crickets.
Syn. -- genus Acheta
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A cheval (?). [F., lit., on horseback.] Astride; with a part on each side; -- used specif. in designating the position of an army with the wings separated by some line of demarcation, as a river or road.
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A position à cheval on a river is not one which a general willingly assumes.
Swinton.
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achievability n. 1. 1 the possibility of being achieved or accomplished; -- a property which may be possessed by a contemplated act.
Syn. -- attainability, attainableness
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Achievable (�), a. Capable of being achieved. Barrow.
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Achievance (�), n. [Cf. OF. achevance.] Achievement. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
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Achieve (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achieved (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Achieving (�).] [OE. acheven, OF. achever, achiever, F. achever, to finish; à (L. ad) + OF. chief, F. chef, end, head, fr. L. caput head. See .] 1. To carry on to a final close; to bring out into a perfected state; to accomplish; to perform; -- as, to achieve a feat, an exploit, an enterprise.
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Supposing faculties and powers to be the same, far more may be achieved in any line by the aid of a capital, invigorating motive than without it.
I. Taylor.
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2. To obtain, or gain, as the result of exertion; to succeed in gaining; to win.
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Some are born great, some achieve greatness.
Shak.
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Thou hast achieved our liberty.
Milton.
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[[Obs]., with a material thing as the aim.]
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Show all the spoils by valiant kings achieved.
Prior.
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He hath achieved a maid
That paragons description.
Shak.
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3. To finish; to kill. [Obs.] Shak.
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Syn. -- To accomplish; effect; fulfill; complete; execute; perform; realize; obtain. See .
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Achievement (-m�nt), n. [Cf. F. achèvement, E. .] 1. The act of achieving or performing; an obtaining by exertion; successful performance; accomplishment; as, the achievement of his object.
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2. A great or heroic deed; something accomplished by valor, boldness, or praiseworthy exertion; a feat.
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[The exploits] of the ancient saints . . . do far surpass the most famous achievements of pagan heroes.
Barrow.
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The highest achievements of the human intellect.
Macaulay.
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3. (Her.) An escutcheon or ensign armorial; now generally applied to the funeral shield commonly called hatchment. Cussans.
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Achiever (�), n. One who achieves; a winner.
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Achillean (�), a. Resembling Achilles, the hero of the Iliad; invincible.
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Achilles n. 1. a mythical Greek hero of the Iliad; a foremost Greek warrior at the seige of Troy.
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Achilles' tendon (�), n. [L. Achillis tendo.] (Anat.) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, an inserted into the bone of the heel; -- so called from the mythological account of Achilles being held by the heel when dipped in the River Styx.
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Achilous (�), a. [Gr. 'a priv. + � lip.] (Bot.) Without a lip.
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achimenes n. 1. 1 any plant of the genus Achimenes having gloxinialike flowers.
Syn. -- hot water plant
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Aching (�), a. That aches; continuously painful. See . -- Achingly, adv.
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The aching heart, the aching head.
Longfellow.
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Achiote (�), n. [Sp. achiote, fr. Indian achiotl.] Seeds of the annotto tree; also, the coloring matter, annotto.
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Achlamydate (�), a. [Gr. 'a priv. + �. �. a short cloak.] (Zoöl.) Not possessing a mantle; -- said of certain gastropods.
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Achlamydeous (�), a. (Bot.) Naked; having no floral envelope, neither calyx nor corolla.
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Acholia (�), n. [NL., from Gr. �; 'a priv. + � bile.] (Med.) Deficiency or lack of bile.
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Acholous (�), a. (Med.) Lacking bile.
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achondrite n. 1. a stony meteor lacking chondrules.
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achondritic adj. 1. of or pertaining to achondrite.
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2. chondritic
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achondroplasia n. 1. a skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism.
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achondroplastic adj. 1. of or pertaining to achondroplasia.
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Achras n. 1. 1 tropical trees having papery leaves and large fruit.
Syn. -- genus Achras
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Achromatic (�), a. [Gr. � colorless; 'a priv. + �, �, color: cf. F. achromatique.] 1. (Opt.) Free from color; transmitting light without decomposing it into its primary colors.
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2. (Biol.) Uncolored; not absorbing color from a fluid; -- said of tissue.
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Coloq. Achromatic lens (Opt.), a lens composed usually of two separate lenses, a convex and concave, of substances having different refractive and dispersive powers, as crown and flint glass, with the curvatures so adjusted that the chromatic aberration produced by the one is corrected by other, and light emerges from the compound lens undecomposed. -- Coloq. Achromatic prism . See . -- Coloq. Achromatic telescope , or Coloq. microscope , one in which the chromatic aberration is corrected, usually by means of a compound or achromatic object glass, and which gives images free from extraneous color.
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Achromatically (�), adv. In an achromatic manner.
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Achromaticity (�), n. Achromatism.
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Achromatin (�), n. (Biol.) Tissue which is not stained by fluid dyes. W. Flemming.
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achromatinic adj. 1. not readily colored by stains; -- of substance of a cell nucleus chromatinic
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achromatise v. 1. remove color from.
Syn. -- achromatize, make achromatic
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Achromatism (�), n. [Cf. F. achromatisme.] The state or quality of being achromatic; as, the achromatism of a lens; achromaticity. Nichol.
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Achromatization (�), n. [Cf. F. achromatisation.] The act or process of achromatizing.
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Achromatize (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Achromatized (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Achromatizing (�).] [Gr. 'a priv. + � color.] To deprive of color; to make achromatic. [Also spelled achromatise.]
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Achromatous (?), a. [See .] Lacking, or deficient in, color; as, achromatous blood.
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Achromatopsy (�), n. [Gr. 'a priv. + � color + � sight.] Color blindness; inability to distinguish colors; Daltonism.
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Achromic (?), a. [Gr. � colorless; � priv. + � color.] Free from color; colorless; as, in (Physiol. Chem.), the achromic point of a starch solution acted upon by an amylolytic enzyme is the point at which it fails to give any color with iodine.
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Achronic (�), a. See .
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Achroödextrin (�), n. [Gr. � colorless + E. dextrin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Dextrin not colorable by iodine. See .
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Achroous (�), a. [Gr. �; 'a priv. + � color.] Colorless; achromatic.
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Achylous (�), a. [Gr. � without juice.] (Physiol.) Without chyle.
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Achymous (�), a. [Gr. � without juice.] (Physiol.) Without chyme.
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Acicula (�), n.; pl. Aciculæ (�). [L., a small needle, dimin. of acus needle.] (Nat. Hist.) One of the needlelike or bristlelike spines or prickles of some animals and plants; also, a needlelike crystal.
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Acicular (�), a. Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle, as some leaves or crystals; also, having sharp points like needles.
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Acicularly, adv..
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{ Aciculate (�), Aciculated (�) } a. (Nat. Hist.) (a) Furnished with aciculæ. (b) Acicular. (c) Marked with fine irregular streaks as if scratched by a needle. Lindley.
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Aciculiform (�), a. [L. acicula needle + -form.] Needle-shaped; acicular.
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Aciculite (�), n. (Min.) Needle ore. Brande & C.
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Acid (�), a. [L. acidus sour, fr. the root ak to be sharp: cf. F. acide. Cf. .] 1. Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar: as, acid fruits or liquors. Also fig.: Sour-tempered.
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He was stern and his face as acid as ever.
A. Trollope.
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2. Of or pertaining to an acid; as, acid reaction.
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Acid, n. 1. A sour substance.
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2. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds, generally but not always distinguished by their sour taste, solubility in water, and reddening of vegetable blue or violet colors. They are also characterized by the power of destroying the distinctive properties of alkalies or bases, combining with them to form salts, at the same time losing their own peculiar properties. They all contain hydrogen, united with a more negative element or radical, either alone, or more generally with oxygen, and take their names from this negative element or radical. Those which contain no oxygen are sometimes called hydracids in distinction from the others which are called oxygen acids or oxacids.
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☞ In certain cases, sulphur, selenium, or tellurium may take the place of oxygen, and the corresponding compounds are called respectively sulphur acids or sulphacids, selenium acids, or tellurium acids. When the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a positive element or radical, a salt is formed, and hence acids are sometimes named as salts of hydrogen; as hydrogen nitrate for nitric acid, hydrogen sulphate for sulphuric acid, etc. In the old chemistry the name acid was applied to the oxides of the negative or nonmetallic elements, now sometimes called anhydrides.
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acid-forming adj. 1. yielding an acid in aqueous solution
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Acidic (�), a. (Min.) 1. Containing a high percentage of silica; -- opposed to basic.
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2. of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid, as an acidic solution.
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Acidiferous (�), a. [L. acidus sour + -ferous.] Containing or yielding an acid.
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Acidifiable (�), a. Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.
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Acidific (�), a. Producing acidity; converting into an acid. Dana.
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Acidification (�), n. [Cf. F. acidification.] The act or process of acidifying, or changing into an acid.
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Acidifier (�), n. (Chem.) A simple or compound principle, whose presence is necessary to produce acidity, as oxygen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, etc.
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Acidify (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidified (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidifying (�).] [L. acidus sour, acid + -fy: cf. F. acidifier.] 1. To make acid; to convert into an acid; as, to acidify sugar.
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2. To sour; to imbitter.
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His thin existence all acidified into rage.
Carlyle.
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Acidimeter (�), n. [L. acidus acid + -meter.] (Chem.) An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids. Ure.
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Acidimetry (�), n. [L. acidus acid + -metry.] (Chem.) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required. -- Acidimetrical (�), a.
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Acidity (�), n. [L. acidites, fr. acidus: cf. F. acidité. See .] The quality of being sour; sourness; tartness; sharpness to the taste; as, the acidity of lemon juice.
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acid-loving adj. 1. thriving in a relatively acid environment; -- especially of plants requiring a pH well below 7 alkaline-loving
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Acidly (�), adv. Sourly; tartly.
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Acidness (�), n. Acidity; sourness.
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acidophilic acidophilous adj. 1. 1 growing well in an acid medium; said of some bacteria
Syn. -- aciduric
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acidosis n. 1. abnormally high acidity of the blood and other body fluids.
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acidotic adj. 1. of or pertaining to acidosis; suffering from acidosis.
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Acid process. (Iron Metal.) That variety of either the Bessemer or the open-hearth process in which the converter or hearth is lined with acid, that is, highly siliceous, material. Opposed to basic process.
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Acidulate (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acidulated (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Acidulating (�).] [Cf. F. aciduler. See .] To make sour or acid in a moderate degree; to sour somewhat. Arbuthnot.
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acidulated adj. 1. made slightly acidic
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Acidulent (�), a. Having an acid quality; sour; acidulous. “With anxious, acidulent face.” Carlyle.
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Acidulous (�), a. [L. acidulus, dim. of acidus. See Acid.] Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish; as, an acidulous tincture. E. Burke.
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Coloq. Acidulous mineral waters , such as contain carbonic anhydride.
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acid-wash v. 1. to wash (blue jeans) in acid, so as to cause the color to fade.
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Acierage (�), n. [F. aciérage, fr. acier steel.] The process of coating the surface of a metal plate (as a stereotype plate) with steellike iron by means of voltaic electricity; steeling.
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Aciform (�), a. [L. acus needle + -form.] Shaped like a needle.
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Acinaceous (�), a. [L. acinus a grape, grapestone.] (Bot.) Containing seeds or stones of grapes, or grains like them.
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Acinaces (�), n. [L., from Gr. �.] (Anc. Hist.) A short sword or saber.
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Acinaciform (ăsĭnăsĭfôrm), a. [L. acinaces a short sword + -form: cf. F. acinaciforme.] (Bot.) Scimeter-shaped; as, an acinaciform leaf.
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Acinesia (ăsĭnēsĭȧ), n. (Med.) Same as .
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Acinetæ (ăsĭnētē), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'akinhtos immovable.] (Zoöl.) A group of suctorial Infusoria, which in the adult stage are stationary. See .
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Acinetiform (�), a. [Acinetæ + -form.] (Zoöl.) Resembling the Acinetæ.
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Aciniform (�), a. [L. acinus a grape, grapestone + -form: cf. F. acinoforme.] 1. Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.
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2. Full of small kernels like a grape.
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{ Acinose (�), Acinous (�) } a. [L. acinosus, fr. acinus grapestone.] Consisting of acini, or minute granular concretions; as, acinose or acinous glands. Kirwan.
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