Benzoic - Bertram

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Benzoic (bĕnzōĭk), a. [Cf. F. benzoïque.] Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.
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Coloq. Benzoic acid , or flowers of benzoin, a peculiar vegetable acid, C6H5.CO2H, obtained from benzoin, and some other balsams, by sublimation or decoction. It is also found in the urine of infants and herbivorous animals. It crystallizes in the form of white, satiny flakes; its odor is aromatic; its taste is pungent, and somewhat acidulous. -- Coloq. Benzoic aldehyde , oil of bitter almonds; the aldehyde, C6H5.CHO, intermediate in composition between benzoic or benzyl alcohol, and benzoic acid. It is a thin colorless liquid.
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Benzoin (bĕnzoin), n. [Cf. F. benjoin, Sp. benjui, Pg. beijoin; all fr. Ar. lubān-jāwī incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable being lost. Cf. .] [Called also benjamin.] 1. A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.
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2. A white crystalline substance, C14H12O2, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources.
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3. (Bot.) The spicebush (Lindera benzoin).
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Coloq. Flowers of benzoin , benzoic acid. See under .
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Benzoinated (�), a. (Med.) Containing or impregnated with benzoin; as, benzoinated lard.
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{ Benzole Benzol } (�), n. [Benzoin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) An impure benzene, used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes. See .
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☞ It has great solvent powers, and is used by manufacturers of India rubber and gutta percha; also for cleaning soiled kid gloves, and for other purposes.
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Benzoline (�), n. (Chem.) (a) Same as . (b) Same as . [R.] Watts.
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{ Benzonaphthol (?), n. Also Benzonaphtol }. [Benzoin + naphthol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline powder used as an intestinal antiseptic; beta-naphthol benzoate.
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Benzosol (?), n. (Pharm.) Guaiacol benzoate, used as an intestinal antiseptic and as a substitute for creosote in phthisis. It is a colorless crystalline pewder.
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Benzoyl (�), n. [Benzoic + Gr. � wood. See .] (Chem.) A compound radical, C6H5.CO-; the base of benzoic acid, of the oil of bitter almonds, and of an extensive series of compounds. [Formerly written also benzule.]
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Benzyl (�), n. [Benzoic + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, C6H5.CH2, related to toluene and benzoic acid; -- commonly used adjectively.
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benzylic adj. (Chem.) containing a benzyl group.
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Bepaint (�), v. t. To paint; to cover or color with, or as with, paint.
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Else would a maiden blush bepaint my cheek. Shak.
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Bepelt (�), v. t. To pelt roundly.
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Bepinch (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bepinched (�).] To pinch, or mark with pinches. Chapman.
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Beplaster (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Beplastered (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Beplastering.] To plaster over; to cover or smear thickly; to bedaub.
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Beplastered with rouge. Goldsmith.
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Beplumed (�), a. Decked with feathers.
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Bepommel (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bepommeled (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Bepommeling.] To pommel; to beat, as with a stick; figuratively, to assail or criticise in conversation, or in writing. Thackeray.
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Bepowder (�), v. t. To sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.
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Bepraise (�), v. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly. Goldsmith.
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Beprose (�), v. t. To reduce to prose. [R.] “To beprose all rhyme.” Mallet.
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Bepuffed (�), a. Puffed; praised. Carlyle.
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Bepurple (�), v. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color.
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Bequeath (b�kwē�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bequeathed (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Bequeathing.] [OE. biquethen, AS. becweðan to say, affirm, bequeath; pref. be- + cweðan to say, speak. See .] 1. To give or leave by will; to give by testament; -- said especially of personal property.
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My heritage, which my dead father did bequeath to me. Shak.
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2. To hand down; to transmit.
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To bequeath posterity somewhat to remember it. Glanvill.
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3. To give; to offer; to commit. [Obs.]
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To whom, with all submission, on my knee
I do bequeath my faithful services
And true subjection everlastingly. Shak.
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Syn. -- To , . Both these words denote the giving or disposing of property by will. Devise, in legal usage, is property used to denote a gift by will of real property, and he to whom it is given is called the devisee. Bequeath is properly applied to a gift by will or legacy; i. e., of personal property; the gift is called a legacy, and he who receives it is called a legatee. In popular usage the word bequeath is sometimes enlarged so as to embrace devise; and it is sometimes so construed by courts.
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Bequeathable (�), a. Capable of being bequeathed.
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Bequeathal (�), n. The act of bequeathing; bequeathment; bequest. Fuller.
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Bequeathment (�), n. The act of bequeathing, or the state of being bequeathed; a bequest.
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Bequest (�), n. [OE. biquest, corrupted fr. bequide; pref. be- + AS. cwide a saying, becweðan to bequeath. The ending -est is probably due to confusion with quest. See , .] 1. The act of bequeathing or leaving by will; as, a bequest of property by A. to B.
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2. That which is left by will, esp. personal property; a legacy; also, a gift.
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Bequest, v. t. To bequeath, or leave as a legacy. [Obs.] “All I have to bequest.” Gascoigne.
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Bequethen (�), old p. p. of . [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Bequote (�), v. t. To quote constantly or with great frequency.
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Berain (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berained (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Beraining.] To rain upon; to wet with rain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Berate (b�rāt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berated; p. pr. & vb. n. Berating.] [See 2nd , v. t..] To rate or chide vehemently; to scold. Holland. Motley.
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Berattle (b�rătt'l), v. t. To make rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down. [Obs.] Shak.
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Beray (b�rā), v. t. [Pref. be + ray to defile.] To make foul; to soil; to defile. [Obs.] Milton.
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Berbe (bẽrb), n. [Cf. Berber, Barb a Barbary horse.] (Zoöl.) An African genet (Genetta pardina). See .
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Berber (bẽrbẽr), n. [See .] A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.
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Berberine (�), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants.
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Berberry (�), n. See .
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Berceuse (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental composition of a soft tranquil character, having a lulling effect; a cradle song.
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Bercy n. a sauce prepared from butter creamed with white wine, shallots, parsley and fish stock; -- also called Bercy sauce.
Syn. -- Bercy butter.
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Berdash (�), n. A kind of neckcloth. [Obs.]
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A treatise against the cravat and berdash. Steele.
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Bere (bēr), v. t. [Cf. OIcel. berja to strike.] To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Bere, n. See , barley. [Scot.]
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Bereave (b�rēv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Bereaved (b�rēvd), Bereft (b�rĕft); p. pr. & vb. n. Bereaving.] [OE. bireven, AS. bereáfian. See , and ]
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1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away.
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Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Shak.
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Bereft of him who taught me how to sing. Tickell.
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2. To take away from. [Obs.]
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All your interest in those territories
Is utterly bereft you; all is lost. Shak.
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3. To take away. [Obs.]
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Shall move you to bereave my life. Marlowe.
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☞ The imp. and past pple. form bereaved is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say bereaved or bereft by death of a relative, bereft of hope and strength.
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Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.
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bereaved (b�rēv), adj. mourning due to the death of a loved one.
Syn. -- bereft, grief-stricken, grieving, mourning(prenominal), sorrowing(prenominal).
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Bereavement (b�rēvm�nt), n. The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by death.
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Bereaver (b�rēvẽr), n. One who bereaves.
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Bereft (b�rĕft), imp. & p. p. of .
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Berenice's Hair (?). [See , in Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Astron.) See Coma Berenices, under .
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beret n. a cap made of soft cloth with no brim or bill, widening somewhat outward from a close-fitting headband to a flat top, which often has a button or tab in its center.
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Beretta (�), n. Same as .
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Berg (�), n. [√95. See hill, and cf. .] A large mass or hill, as of ice.
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Glittering bergs of ice. Tennyson.
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bergall (bẽrg�l), n. a small wrasse (Tautogolabrus adspersus), common in north Atantic coastal waters of the U. S.; -- also called the cunner.
Syn. -- cunner.
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Bergamot (bẽrgȧmŏt), n. [F. bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg armūdi a lord's pear.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the Orange family (Citrus bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. (b) A variety of mint (Mentha aquatica, var. glabrata).
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2. The essence or perfume made from the fruit.
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3. A variety of pear. Johnson.
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4. A variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot.
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The better hand . . . gives the nose its bergamot. Cowper.
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5. A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have been invented at Bergamo, Italy. Encyc. Brit.
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Coloq. Wild bergamot (Bot.), an American herb of the Mint family (Monarda fistulosa).
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Bergander (�), n. [Berg, for burrow + gander a male goose? Cf. G. bergente, Dan. gravgaas.] (Zoöl.) A European duck (Anas tadorna). See .
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Bergeret (�), n. [OF. bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.] A pastoral song. [Obs.]
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Bergh (�), n. [AS. beorg.] A hill. [Obs.]
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Bergmaster (�), n. See .
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Bergmeal (�), n. [G. berg mountain + mehl meal.] (Min.) An earthy substance, resembling fine flour. It is composed of the shells of infusoria, and in Lapland and Sweden is sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or ground birch bark, in times of scarcity. This name is also given to a white powdery variety of calcite.
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Bergmote (�), n. See .
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Bergomask (�), n. A rustic dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo, in Italy, once noted for their clownishness.
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Bergschrund (?), n. [G., lit., mountain gap.] (Phys. Geog.) The crevasse or series of crevasses, usually deep and often broad, frequently occurring near the head of a mountain glacier, about where the névé field joins the valley portion of the glacier.
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Bergstock (?), n. [G., lit., mountain stick.] A long pole with a spike at the end, used in climbing mountains; an alpenstock.
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Bergylt (�), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoöl.) The Norway haddock. See .
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Berhyme (�), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berhymed (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Berhyming.] To mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about. [Sometimes use depreciatively.] Shak.
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Beriberi (�), n. [Singhalese beri weakness.] An acute disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.
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Berime (�), v. t. To berhyme. [The earlier and etymologically preferable spelling.]
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Bering Sea Controversy (?). A controversy (1886 -- 93) between Great Britain and the United States as to the right of Canadians not licensed by the United States to carry on seal fishing in the Bering Sea, over which the United States claimed jurisdiction as a mare clausum. A court of arbitration, meeting in Paris in 1893, decided against the claim of the United States, but established regulations for the preservation of the fur seal.
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Berith n. the Jewish rite of circumcision.
Syn. -- Brith, Bris.
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Berkeleian (bẽrklē�n), a. Of or relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism; as, Berkeleian philosophy. -- Berkeleyism, n.
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Berkeley n. Bishop George Berkeley; b. 1685, d. 1753.
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berkelium (bẽrkēl�ŭm), n. [from the city of Berkeley, California, location of the University of California campus where it was discovered.] a chemical element of the transuranic series. Chemical symbol Bk; atomic number 97; atomic weight 247. It is a radioactive element, with no stable isotopes; the longest-lived isotope is of mass number 247.07, decaying by alpha-emission with a half-life of 1,400 years. The isotope with atomic weight 249 has a half-life of 314 days, and was isolated in weighable quantities.
Syn. -- Bk.
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Berlin (�), n. [The capital of Prussia] 1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin.
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2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool.
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Coloq. Berlin black , a black varnish, drying with almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware. Ure. -- Coloq. Berlin blue , Prussian blue. Ure. -- Coloq. Berlin green , a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar to Prussian blue. -- Coloq. Berlin iron , a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze. -- Coloq. Berlin shop , a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials for such work. -- Coloq. Berlin work , worsted embroidery.
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{ Berm Berme } (�), n. [F. berme, of German origin; cf. G. brame, bräme, border, akin to E. brim.] 1. (Fort.) A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch.
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2. (Engineering) A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.
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Bermuda n. same as .
Syn. -- Bermudas.
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Bermuda grass (�). (Bot.) A kind of grass (Cynodon Dactylon) esteemed for pasture in the Southern United States. It is a native of Southern Europe, but is now wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also scutch grass, and in Bermuda, devil grass.
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Bermuda lily. (Bot.) The large white lily (Lilium longiflorum eximium, syn. Lilium Harrisii) which is extensively cultivated in Bermuda.
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Bermudan adj. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Bermuda; as, Bermudan beaches.
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2. of or pertaining to Bermudans; as, The Bermudan hotel staff.
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Bermudan n. a native or inhabitant of Bermuda.
Syn. -- Bermudian.
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Bermudas n. a group of islands in the Atlantic off the Carolina coast; British colony; resort.
Syn. -- Bermuda.
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Bermudian n. a native or inhabitant of Bermuda.
Syn. -- Bermudan.
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Bernacle (�), n. See .
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Berna fly (�). (Zoöl.) A Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus Trypeta, which lays its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast, where the larvæ do great injury.
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Bernardine (�), a. Of or pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian monks. -- n. A Cistercian monk.
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Bernese (�), a. Pertaining to the city or canton of Bern, in Switzerland, or to its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Bern.
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Bernicle (�), n. [OE. bernak, bernacle; cf. OF. bernac; prob. fr. LL. bernacula for hibernicula, bernicula, fr. Hibernia; the birds coming from Hibernia or Ireland. Cf. 1st .] A bernicle goose. [Written also barnacle.]
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Coloq. Bernicle goose (Zoöl.), a goose (Branta leucopsis), of Arctic Europe and America. It was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the sea (Lepas), which were, therefore, called barnacles, goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other related species. See and .
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Bernouse (�), n. Same as .
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Berob (�), v. t. To rob; to plunder. [Obs.]
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Beroe (�), n. [L. Beroe, one of the Oceanidæ Gr. �: cf. F. beroé.] (Zoöl.) A small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the Ctenophora.
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Berretta (�), n. [It., fr. LL. birrettum, berretum, a cap, dim. of L. birrus, birrum, a cloak to keep off rain, cf. Gr. � tawny, red: cf. Sp. birreta, Pg. barrete, and E. .] A square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is black, except that a bishop's is lined with green. [Also spelt beretta, biretta, etc.]
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Berried (�), a. Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; as, a berried shrub.
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Berry (�), n.; pl. Berries. [OE. berie, AS. berie, berige; akin to D. bes, G. beere, OS. and OHG. beri, Icel. ber, Sw. bär, Goth. basi, and perh. Skr. bhas to eat.] 1. Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry, mulberry, huckleberry, etc.
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2. (Bot.) A small fruit that is pulpy or succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp, as the currant, grape, blueberry.
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3. The coffee bean.
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4. One of the ova or eggs of a fish. Travis.
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Coloq. In berry , containing ova or spawn.
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Berry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Berried (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Berrying.] To bear or produce berries.
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Berry, n. [AS. beorh. See a hill.] A mound; a hillock. W. Browne.
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Berrying, n. A seeking for or gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.
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Berseem (?), n. [Ar. bershīm clover.] An Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) extensively cultivated as a forage plant and soil-renewing crop in the alkaline soils of the Nile valley, and now introduced into the southwestern United States. It is more succulent than other clovers or than alfalfa. Called also Egyptian clover.
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{ Berserk (�), Berserker (�), } n. [Icel. berserkr.] 1. (Scand. Myth.) One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds. Longfellow.
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2. One who fights as if frenzied, like a Berserker.
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Berserk (bẽrsẽrk; bẽrzẽrk; bẽrsẽrk) a. [See , n.] frenzied; crazed; usually in predicate position.
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Berstle (�), n. See . [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Berteroa n. a genus of plants comprising the hoary alyssum.
Syn. -- genus Berteroa.
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Berth (bẽrth), n. [From the root of bear to produce, like birth nativity. See .] [Also written birth.]
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1. (Naut.) (a) Convenient sea room. (b) A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess and reside. (c) The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf.
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2. An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment. “He has a good berth.” Totten.
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3. A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in.
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Coloq. Berth deck , the deck next below the lower gun deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Coloq. To give (the land or any object) Coloq. a wide berth , to keep at a distance from it.
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Berth, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Berthed (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Berthing.] 1. To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth; as, she was berthed stem to stern with the Adelaide.
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2. To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; as, to berth a ship's company. Totten.
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Bertha (�), n. [F. berthe, fr. Berthe, a woman's name.] A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.
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Coloq. Big Bertha (�), n. a large cannon used by the German army during World War I.
[PJC]
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Berthage (�), n. A place for mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.
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Berthierite (�), n. [From Berthier, a French naturalist.] (Min.) A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of a dark steel-gray color.
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Berthing (�), n. (Naut.) The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer strake. Smyth.
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Bertillon system (?). [After Alphonse Bertillon, French anthropologist.] A system for the identification of persons by a physical description based upon anthropometric measurements, notes of markings, deformities, color, impression of thumb lines, etc.
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Bertram (�), n. [Corrupted fr. L. pyrethrum, Gr. � a hot spicy plant, fr. � fire.] (Bot.) Pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum).
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