Buckle - buffalofish

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Buckle (bŭkk'l), v. i. 1. To bend permanently; to become distorted; to bow; to curl; to kink.
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Buckled with the heat of the fire like parchment. Pepys.
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2. To bend out of a true vertical plane, as a wall.
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3. To yield; to give way; to cease opposing. [Obs.]
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The Dutch, as high as they seem, do begin to buckle. Pepys.
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4. To enter upon some labor or contest; to join in close fight; to struggle; to contend.
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The bishop was as able and ready to buckle with the Lord Protector as he was with him. Latimer.
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In single combat thou shalt buckle with me. Shak.
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Coloq. To buckle to , to bend to; to engage with zeal.
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To make our sturdy humor buckle thereto. Barrow.
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Before buckling to my winter's work. J. D. Forbes.
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Buckler (�), n. [OE. bocler, OF. bocler, F. bouclier, a shield with a boss, from OF. bocle, boucle, boss. See , n.] 1. A kind of shield, of various shapes and sizes, worn on one of the arms (usually the left) for protecting the front of the body.
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☞ In the sword and buckler play of the Middle Ages in England, the buckler was a small shield, used, not to cover the body, but to stop or parry blows.
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2. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the large, bony, external plates found on many ganoid fishes. (b) The anterior segment of the shell of trilobites.
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3. (Naut.) A block of wood or plate of iron made to fit a hawse hole, or the circular opening in a half-port, to prevent water from entering when the vessel pitches.
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Coloq. Blind buckler (Naut.), a solid buckler. -- Coloq. Buckler mustard (Bot.), a genus of plants (Biscutella) with small bright yellow flowers. The seed vessel on bursting resembles two bucklers or shields. -- Coloq. Buckler thorn , a plant with seed vessels shaped like a buckler. See . -- Coloq. Riding buckler (Naut.), a buckler with a hole for the passage of a cable.
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Buckler, v. t. To shield; to defend. [Obs.]
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Can Oxford, that did ever fence the right,
Now buckler falsehood with a pedigree? Shak.
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Buckler-headed (�), a. Having a head like a buckler.
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Buckling (�), a. Wavy; curling, as hair. Latham.
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Buckra (�), n. [In the language of the Calabar coast, buckra means “demon, a powerful and superior being.” J. L. Wilson.] A white man; -- a term used by negroes of the African coast, West Indies, etc.
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Buckra, a. White; white man's; strong; good; as, buckra yam, a white yam.
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Buckram (�), n. [OE. bokeram, bougeren, OF. boqueran, F. bougran, MHG. buckeram, LL. buchiranus, boquerannus, fr. MHG. boc, G. bock, goat (as being made of goat's hair), or fr. F. bouracan, by transposing the letter r. See , .] 1. A coarse cloth of linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise.
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☞ Buckram was formerly a very different material from that now known by the name. It was used for wearing apparel, etc. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).
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2. (Bot.) A plant. See . Dr. Prior.
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Buckram, a. 1. Made of buckram; as, a buckram suit.
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2. Stiff; precise. “Buckram dames.” Brooke.
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Buckram, v. t. To strengthen with buckram; to make stiff. Cowper.
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Buck's-horn (�), n. (Bot.) A plant with leaves branched somewhat like a buck's horn (Plantago Coronopus); also, Lobelia coronopifolia.
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Buckshot (�), n. A coarse leaden shot, larger than swan shot, used in hunting deer and large game.
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Buckskin (�), n. 1. The skin of a buck.
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2. A soft strong leather, usually yellowish or grayish in color, made of deerskin.
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3. A person clothed in buckskin, particularly an American soldier of the Revolutionary war.
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Cornwallis fought as lang's he dought,
An' did the buckskins claw, man. Burns.
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4. pl. Breeches made of buckskin.
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I have alluded to his buckskin. Thackeray.
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Buckstall (�), n. A toil or net to take deer.
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Buckthorn (�), n. (Bot.) A genus (Rhamnus) of shrubs or trees. The shorter branches of some species terminate in long spines or thorns. See .
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Coloq. Sea buckthorn , a plant of the genus Hippophaë.
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Bucktooth (�), n. Any tooth that juts out.
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When he laughed, two white buckteeth protruded. Thackeray.
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Buckwheat (�), n. [Buck a beech tree + wheat; akin to D. boekweit, G. buchweizen.] 1. (Bot.) A plant (Fagopyrum esculentum) of the Polygonum family, the seed of which is used for food.
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2. The triangular seed used, when ground, for griddle cakes, etc.
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Bucolic (�), a. [L. bucolicus, Gr. �, fr. � cowherd, herdsman; � ox + (perh.) � race horse; cf. Skr. kal to drive: cf. F. bucolique. See the animal.] Of or pertaining to the life and occupation of a shepherd; pastoral; rustic.
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Bucolic, n. [L. Bucolicôn poëma.] A pastoral poem, representing rural affairs, and the life, manners, and occupation of shepherds; as, the Bucolics of Theocritus and Virgil. Dryden.
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Bucolical (�), a. Bucolic.
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Bucranium (�), n.; pl. L. Bucrania (�). [L., fr. Gr. � ox head.] A sculptured ornament, representing an ox skull adorned with wreaths, etc.
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Bud (bŭd), n. [OE. budde; cf. D. bot, G. butze, butz, the core of a fruit, bud, LG. butte in hagebutte, hainbutte, a hip of the dog-rose, or OF. boton, F. bouton, bud, button, OF. boter to bud, push; all akin to E. beat. See .] 1. (Bot.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.
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2. (Biol.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See .
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Coloq. Bud moth (Zoöl.), a lepidopterous insect of several species, which destroys the buds of fruit trees; esp. Tmetocera ocellana and Eccopsis malana on the apple tree.
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Bud, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budded; p. pr. & vb. n. Budding.] 1. To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot.
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2. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.
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3. To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding virgin. Shak.
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Syn. -- To sprout; germinate; blossom.
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Bud, v. t. To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear.
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The apricot and the nectarine may be, and usually are, budded upon the peach; the plum and the peach are budded on each other. Farm. Dict.
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Buddha (�), n. [Skr. buddha wise, sage, 'the enlightened' fr. budh to know.] 1. The title of an incarnation of self-abnegation, virtue, and wisdom.
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2. The title of Siddhartha or Gautama, a deified religious teacher of the Buddhists and the founder of Buddhism; called also Gautama Siddartha or Sakya Sinha (or Muni). From three newly discovered inscriptions of the emperor Asoka it follows that the 37th year of his reign was reckoned as the 257th from the death of Buddha. Hence it is inferred that Buddha died between 482 and 472 B. C. It being agreed that he lived to be eighty, he was born between 562 and 552 B. C. The Buddhist narratives of his life are overgrown with legend and myth. Senart seeks to trace in them the history of the sun-hero. Oldenberg finds in the most ancient traditions -- those of Ceylon -- at least definite historical outlines. Siddhartha, as Buddha was called before entering upon his great mission, was born in the country and tribe of the Sakhyas, at the foot of the Nepalese Himalayas. His father, Suddhodana, was rather a great and wealthy landowner than a king. He passed his youth in opulence at Kapila-vastu, the Sakhya capital. He was married and had a son Rahula, who became a member of his order. At the age of twenty-nine he left parents, wife, and only son for the spiritual struggle of a recluse. After seven years he believed himself possessed of perfect truth, and assumed the title of Buddha, 'the enlightened.' He is represented as having received a sudden illumination as he sat under the Bo-tree, or ' tree of knowledge,' at Bodhgaya or Buddha-Gaya. For twenty-eight or, as later narratives give it, forty-nine days he was variously tempted by Mara. One of his doubts was whether to keep for himself the knowledge won, or to share it. Love triumphed, and he began to preach, at first at Benares. For forty-four years he preached in the region of Benares and Behar. Primitive Buddhism is only to be gathered by inference from the literature of a later time. Buddha did not array himself against the old religion. The doctrines were rather the outgrowth of those of certain Brahmanical schools. His especial concern was salvation from sorrow, and so from existence. There are four noble truths: (1) existence is suffering; (2) the cause of pain is desire, (3) cessation of pain is possible through the suppression of desire; (4) the way to this is the knowledge and observance of the good law of Buddha. The end is Nirvana, the cessation of existence. Buddhism was preached in the vulgar tongue, and had a popular literature and an elaborately organized monastic and missionary system. It made its way into Afghanistan, Bactriana., Tibet, and China. It passed away in India not from Brahman persecution, but rather from internal causes, such as its too abstract nature, too morbid view of life, relaxed discipline, and overgrowth of monasticism, and also because Shivaism and Vishnuism employed many of its own weapons more effectively. The system has been variously modified in dogma and rites in the many countries to which it has spread. It is supposed to number about 850,000,000 of adherents, who are principally in Ceylon, Tibet, China, and Japan.
[Century Dict. 1906.]

Buddhism (�), n. The religion based upon the doctrine originally taught by the Hindu sage Gautama Siddartha, surnamed Buddha, “the awakened or enlightened,” in the sixth century b. c., and adopted as a religion by the greater part of the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Asia and the Indian Islands. Buddha's teaching is believed to have been atheistic; yet it was characterized by elevated humanity and morality. It presents release from existence (a beatific enfranchisement, Nirvâna) as the greatest good. Buddhists believe in transmigration of souls through all phases and forms of life. Their number was estimated in 1881 at 470,000,000.
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Buddhist (�), n. One who accepts the teachings of Buddhism.
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Buddhist, a. Of or pertaining to Buddha, Buddhism, or the Buddhists.
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Buddhistic (�), a. Same as , a.
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Budding (�), n. 1. The act or process of producing buds.
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2. (Biol.) A process of asexual reproduction, in which a new organism or cell is formed by a protrusion of a portion of the animal or vegetable organism, the bud thus formed sometimes remaining attached to the parent stalk or cell, at other times becoming free; gemmation. See .
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3. The act or process of ingrafting one kind of plant upon another stock by inserting a bud under the bark.
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Buddle (�), n. [Prov. E., to cleanse ore, also a vessel for this purpose; cf. G. butteln to shake.] (Mining) An apparatus, especially an inclined trough or vat, in which stamped ore is concentrated by subjecting it to the action of running water so as to wash out the lighter and less valuable portions.
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Buddle, v. i. (Mining) To wash ore in a buddle.
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Bude burner (�). [See .] A burner consisting of two or more concentric Argand burners (the inner rising above the outer) and a central tube by which oxygen gas or common air is supplied.
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Bude light (�). [From Bude, in Cornwall, the residence of Sir G. Gurney, the inventor.] A light in which high illuminating power is obtained by introducing a jet of oxygen gas or of common air into the center of a flame fed with coal gas or with oil.
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Budge (bŭj), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Budged (bŭjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Budging.] [F. bouger to stir, move (akin to Pr. bojar, bolegar, to stir, move, It. bulicare to boil, bubble), fr. L. bullire. See , v. i.] To move off; to stir; to walk away.
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I'll not budge an inch, boy. Shak.
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The mouse ne'er shunned the cat as they did budge
From rascals worse than they. Shak.
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Budge, a. [See , v.] Brisk; stirring; jocund. [Obs.] South.
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Budge, n. [OE. bouge bag, OF. boge, bouge, fr. L. bulga a leathern bag or knapsack; a Gallic word; cf. OIr. bolc, Gael. bolg. Cf. , n.] A kind of fur prepared from lambskin dressed with the wool on; -- used formerly as an edging and ornament, esp. of scholastic habits.
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Budge, a. 1. Lined with budge; hence, scholastic. “Budge gowns.” Milton.
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2. Austere or stiff, like scholastics.
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Those budge doctors of the stoic fur. Milton.
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Coloq. Budge bachelor , one of a company of men clothed in long gowns lined with budge, who formerly accompanied the lord mayor of London in his inaugural procession. -- Coloq. Budge barrel (Mil.), a small copper-hooped barrel with only one head, the other end being closed by a piece of leather, which is drawn together with strings like a purse. It is used for carrying powder from the magazine to the battery, in siege or seacoast service.
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Budgeness (�), n. Sternness; severity. [Obs.]
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A Sara for goodness, a great Bellona for budgeness. Stanyhurst.
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Budger (�), n. One who budges. Shak.
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budgerigar, budgereegah, budgerygah n. small Australian parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors.
Syn. -- budgie, grass parakeet, lovebird, shell parakeet.
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budgerow (�), n. [Hindi bajrā.] A large and commodious, but generally cumbrous and sluggish boat, used for journeys on the Ganges.
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Budget (�), n. [OE. bogett, bouget, F. bougette bag, wallet, dim. of OF. boge, bouge, leather bag. See , n., and cf. .] 1. A bag or sack with its contents; hence, a stock or store; an accumulation; as, a budget of inventions.
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2. The annual financial statement which the British chancellor of the exchequer makes in the House of Commons. It comprehends a general view of the finances of the country, with the proposed plan of taxation for the ensuing year. The term is sometimes applied to a similar statement in other countries.
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Coloq. To open the budget , to lay before a legislative body the financial estimates and plans of the executive government.
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budgetary adj. of or pertaining to a budget; as, budgetary considerations.
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budgie n. small Australian parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors.
Syn. -- budgerigar, budgereegah, budgerygah, grass parakeet, lovebird, shell parakeet.
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Budgy, a. [From , n.] Consisting of fur. [Obs.]
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Budlet (�), n. [Bud + -let.] A little bud springing from a parent bud.
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We have a criterion to distinguish one bud from another, or the parent bud from the numerous budlets which are its offspring. E. Darwin.
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Budorcas n. a genus of mammals comprising the gnu goats.
Syn. -- genus Budorcas.
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Buff (bŭf), n. [OE. buff, buffe, buff, buffalo, F. buffle buffalo. See .] 1. A sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buffalo, dressed with oil, like chamois; also, the skins of oxen, elks, and other animals, dressed in like manner. “A suit of buff.” Shak.
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2. The color of buff; a light yellow, shading toward pink, gray, or brown.
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A visage rough,
Deformed, unfeatured, and a skin of buff. Dryden.
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3. A military coat, made of buff leather. Shak.
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4. (Med.) The grayish viscid substance constituting the buffy coat. See Buffy coat, under , a.
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5. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff leather, and used in polishing cutlery, spoons, etc.
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6. The bare skin; as, to strip to the buff. [Colloq.]
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To be in buff is equivalent to being naked. Wright.
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Buff, a. 1. Made of buff leather. Goldsmith.
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2. Of the color of buff.
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Coloq. Buff coat , a close, military outer garment, with short sleeves, and laced tightly over the chest, made of buffalo skin, or other thick and elastic material, worn by soldiers in the 17th century as a defensive covering. -- Coloq. Buff jerkin , originally, a leather waistcoat; afterward, one of cloth of a buff color. [Obs.] Nares. -- Coloq. Buff stick (Mech.), a strip of wood covered with buff leather, used in polishing.
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Buff, v. t. to polish with a soft cloth, especially one similar to a . See , n., 5.
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Buff, v. t. [OF. bufer to cuff, buffet. See a blow.] To strike. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
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Buff, n. [See .] A buffet; a blow; -- obsolete except in the phrase “Blindman's buff.” See .
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Nathless so sore a buff to him it lent
That made him reel. Spenser.
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Buff, a. [Of uncertain etymol.] Firm; sturdy.
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And for the good old cause stood buff,
'Gainst many a bitter kick and cuff. Hudibras.
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Buffa (�), n. fem. (Mus.) [It. See .] The comic actress in an opera. -- a. Comic, farcical.
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Coloq. Aria buffa , a droll or comic air. -- Coloq. Opera buffa , a comic opera. See .
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Buffalo (�), n.; pl. Buffaloes (�). [Sp. bufalo (cf. It. bufalo, F. buffle), fr. L. bubalus, bufalus, a kind of African stag or gazelle; also, the buffalo or wild ox, fr. Gr. � buffalo, prob. fr. � ox. See the animal, and cf. the color, and .] 1. (Zoöl.) A species of the genus Bos or Bubalus (Bubalus bubalus), originally from India, but now found in most of the warmer countries of the eastern continent. It is larger and less docile than the common ox, and is fond of marshy places and rivers.
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2. (Zoöl.) A very large and savage species of the same genus (Syncerus Caffer syn. Bubalus Caffer) found in South Africa; -- called also Cape buffalo.
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3. (Zoöl.) Any species of wild ox.
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4. (Zoöl.) The bison of North America.
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5. A buffalo robe. See Buffalo robe, below.
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6. (Zoöl.) The buffalo fish. See , below.
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Coloq. Buffalo berry (Bot.), a shrub of the Upper Missouri (Sherherdia argentea) with acid edible red berries. -- Coloq. Buffalo bird (Zoöl.), an African bird of the genus Buphaga, of two species. These birds perch upon buffaloes and cattle, in search of parasites. -- Coloq. Buffalo bug , the carpet beetle. See under . -- Coloq. Buffalo chips , dry dung of the buffalo, or bison, used for fuel. [U.S.] -- Coloq. Buffalo clover (Bot.), a kind of clover (Trifolium reflexum and Trifoliumsoloniferum) found in the ancient grazing grounds of the American bison. -- Coloq. Buffalo cod (Zoöl.), a large, edible, marine fish (Ophiodon elongatus) of the northern Pacific coast; -- called also blue cod, and cultus cod. -- Coloq. Buffalo fly , or Coloq. Buffalo gnat (Zoöl.), a small dipterous insect of the genus Simulium, allied to the black fly of the North. It is often extremely abundant in the lower part of the Mississippi valley and does great injury to domestic animals, often killing large numbers of cattle and horses. In Europe the Columbatz fly is a species with similar habits. -- Coloq. Buffalo grass (Bot.), a species of short, sweet grass (Buchloë dactyloides), from two to four inches high, covering the prairies on which the buffaloes, or bisons, feed. [U.S.] -- Coloq. Buffalo nut (Bot.), the oily and drupelike fruit of an American shrub (Pyrularia oleifera); also, the shrub itself; oilnut. -- Coloq. Buffalo robe , the skin of the bison of North America, prepared with the hair on; -- much used as a lap robe in sleighs.
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buffalofish, buffalo fish n. (Zoöl.) 1. any of several large carplike North American fish.
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2. (Zoöl.) Any of several large fresh-water fishes of the family Catostomidæ (also called suckers see Sucker family), of the Mississippi valley. The red-mouthed or brown (Ictiobus bubalus), the big-mouthed buffalofish (Ictiobus cyrinellus, formerly called Bubalichthys urus), the black buffalofish (Ictiobus niger), and the small-mouthed buffalofish (Ictiobus bubalus, formerly called Bubalichthys altus), are among the more important species used as food.
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buffalo nickel A United States five-cent coin minted from to 1937 having an image of an American bison (“buffalo”) on its reverse, and an American Indian on the obverse.
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buffalo soldier A black soldier of the United States army who served in the American west in the late 1800's, often as an indian fighter, and usually as part of an all-black troop; -- the name was given by the indians due to their their kinky hair, and the name was believed also to be a compliment on their courage.
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