Centrode - Ceraunoscope

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Centrode (sĕntrōd), n. (Kinematics) In two figures having relative motion, one of the two curves which are the loci of the instantaneous center.
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Centroid (sĕntroid), n. [L. centrum + -oid.] The center of mass, inertia, or gravity of a body or system of bodies.
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centrolecithal (sĕntr�lĕsĭth�l), a. [Gr. kentron center + lekiqos yolk of an egg.] (Biol.) Having the food yolk placed at the center of the ovum, segmentation being either regular or unequal. Balfour.
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centrolinead (sĕntr�lĭn�ăd), n. An instrument for drawing lines through a point, or lines converging to a center.
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Centrolineal (sĕntr�lĭn��l), a. [L. centrum + linea line.] Converging to a center; -- applied to lines drawn so as to meet in a point or center.
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centromere n. (Biol.) a specialized condensed region of a chromosomes that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape.
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centromeric adj. (Biol.) pertaining to the centromere, the dense specialized portion of a chromosome to which the spindle attaches during mitosis.
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Centropomidae n. a natural family of fishes comprising the robalos (also called snooks).
Syn. -- family Centropomidae.
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Centropomus n. the type genus of the Centropomidae, comprising the , and including Centropomus undecimalis, a large bony sport fish also esteemed as food.
Syn. -- genus Centropomus.
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Centropristis n. a genus of sea basses.
Syn. -- genus Centropristis.
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Centrospermae n. used in former classification systems; approximately synonymous with order Caryophyllales.
Syn. -- group Centrospermae.
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Centrosome (?), n. [Gr. � center + -� the body.] (Biol.) A peculiar rounded body lying near the nucleus of a cell. It is regarded as the dynamic element by means of which the machinery of cell division is organized.
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Centrosphere (?), n. [Gr. � centre + sphere.] 1. (Geol.) The nucleus or central part of the earth, forming most of its mass; -- disting. from lithosphere, hydrosphere, etc.
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2. (Biol.) The central mass of an aster from which the rays extend and within which the centrosome lies when present; the attraction sphere. The name has been used both as excluding and including the centrosome, and also to designate a modified mass of protoplasm about a centrosome whether aster rays are developed or not.
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Centrostaltic (?), a. [Gr. � center + � checking.] (Physiol.) A term applied to the action of nerve force in the spinal center. Marshall Hall.
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Centrum (?), n.; pl. E. Centrums (#), L. Centra (#). [L., center.] (Anat.) The body, or axis, of a vertebra. See .
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Centry (?), n. See . [Obs.] Gray.
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Centumvir (?), n.; pl. Centumviri (#). [L., fr. centum hundred + Vir man.] (Rom. Hist.) One of a court of about one hundred judges chosen to try civil suits. Under the empire the court was increased to 180, and met usually in four sections.
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Centumviral (?), a. [L. centumvitalis.] Of or pertaining to the centumviri, or to a centumvir.
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Centumvirate (?), n. [Cf. F. centumvirat.] The office of a centumvir, or of the centumviri.
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Centuple (?), a. [L. centuplex; centum + plicare to fold; cf. F. centuple.] Hundredfold.
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Centuple, v. t. To increase a hundredfold.
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Centuplicate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Centuplicated; p. pr. & vb. n. Centuplicating.] [L. centuplicare. See , a.] To make a hundredfold; to repeat a hundred times. [R.] Howell.
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Centurial (?), a. [L. See .] Of or pertaining to a century; as, a centurial sermon. [R.]
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Centuriate (?), a. [L. centuriatus, p. p. of centuriare to divide (men) into centuries.] Pertaining to, or divided into, centuries or hundreds. [R.] Holland.
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Centuriate (?), v. t. [See .] To divide into hundreds. [Obs.]
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{ Centuriator (?), Centurist (?), } n. [Cf. F. centuriateur.] An historian who distinguishes time by centuries, esp. one of those who wrote the “Magdeburg Centuries.” See under . [R.]
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Centurion (?), n. [L. centurio, fr. centuria; cf. F. centurion. See .] (Rom. Hist.) A military officer who commanded a minor division of the Roman army; a captain of a century.
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A centurion of the hand called the Italian band. Acts x. 1.
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Century (?), n.; pl. Centuries (#). [L. centuria (in senses 1 & 3), fr. centum a hundred: cf. F. centurie. See .] 1. A hundred; as, a century of sonnets; an aggregate of a hundred things. [Archaic.]
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And on it said a century of prayers. Shak.
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2. A period of a hundred years; as, this event took place over two centuries ago.
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☞ Century, in the reckoning of time, although often used in a general way of any series of hundred consecutive years (as, a century of temperance work), usually signifies a division of the Christian era, consisting of a period of one hundred years ending with the hundredth year from which it is named; as, the first century ( . . 1-100 inclusive); the seventh century ( . . 601-700); the eighteenth century ( . . 1701-1800). With words or phrases connecting it with some other system of chronology it is used of similar division of those eras; as, the first century of Rome (A.U.C. 1-100).
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3. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A division of the Roman people formed according to their property, for the purpose of voting for civil officers. (b) One of sixty companies into which a legion of the army was divided. It was Commanded by a centurion.
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Coloq. Century plant (Bot.), the Agave Americana, formerly supposed to flower but once in a century; -- hence the name. See . -- Coloq. The Magdeburg Centuries , an ecclesiastical history of the first thirteen centuries, arranged in thirteen volumes, compiled in the 16th century by Protestant scholars at Magdeburg.
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Ceorl (kĕôrl or chẽrl), n. [AS. See , n.] (O. Eng. Hist.) A freeman of the lowest class; one not a thane or of the servile classes; a churl.
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Cepaceous (?), a. [L. cepa, caepa, onion.] Of the nature of an onion, as in odor; alliaceous.
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Cepevorous (?), a. [L. cepa an onion + varare to devour.] Feeding upon onions. [R.] Sterling.
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Cephalad (?), adv. [Gr. kefalh head + L. ad toward.] (Zoöl.) Forwards; towards the head or anterior extremity of the body; opposed to caudad.
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{ Cephalalgia (?), Cephalalgy (?), } n. [L. cephalalgia, Gr. �; � + � pain: cf. F. céphalalgie.] (Med.) Pain in the head; headache.
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Cephalalgic (?), a. [L. cephalalgicus, Gr. �.] (Med.) Relating to, or affected with, headache. -- n. A remedy for the headache.
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Cephalanthium (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � + � flower.] (Bot.) Same as .
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Cephalaspis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kefalh head + � a shield.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil ganoid fishes found in the old red sandstone or Devonian formation. The head is large, and protected by a broad shield-shaped helmet prolonged behind into two lateral points.
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Cephalata (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. kefalh head.] (Zoöl.) A large division of Mollusca, including all except the bivalves; -- so called because the head is distinctly developed. See Illustration in Appendix.
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Cephalate (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a head.
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Cephalic (?), a. [L. cephalicus, Gr. �, fr. kefalh head: cf. F. céphalique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the head. See the Note under .
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Coloq. Cephalic index (Anat.), the ratio of the breadth of the cranium to the length, which is taken as the standard, and equal to 100; the breadth index. -- Coloq. Cephalic vein , a large vein running from the back of the head alond the arm; -- so named because the ancients used to open it for disorders of the head. Dunglison.
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Cephalic, n. A medicine for headache, or other disorder in the head.
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cephalin (kĕfȧlĭn), n. [Gr. kefalh the head; it was supposed by Thudichum to exist in brain tissue.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of phospholipids (nitrogenous phosphorized fatty substances), present in all living cells and particularly evident in nervous tissue. The cephalins consist of glycerol phosphate in which the two free hydroxyls of the glycerol are esterified with fatty acids, and the phosphate forms an ester linkage to the hydroxyl of ethanolamine. The phosphate may be linked to the alpha (end) or beta (middle) hydroxyl of the glycerol portion. The natural isomers are of the alpha form, and have the general formula R.O.CH2.CHOR′.CH2.O.PO2.O.CH2.CH2.NH2, where R and R′ are the acyl residues of long-chain fatty acids, which may be the same or different. [Also spelled kephalin.]
Syn. -- phosphatidylethanolamine. [PJC]

Cephalism (?), n. [Gr. kefalh head.] (Anthropol.) Form or development of the skull; as, the races of man differ greatly in cephalism.
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Cephalitis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kefalh head + -itis.] (Med.) Same as .
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Cephalization (?), n. Domination of the head in animal life as expressed in the physical structure; localization of important organs or parts in or near the head, in animal development. Dana.
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Cephalo (?). [Gr. kefalh head.] A combining form denoting the head, of the head, connected with the head; as, cephalosome, cephalopod.
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Cephalocercal (?), a. [Cephalo- + Gr. kerkos tail.] (Zoöl.) Relating to the long axis of the body.
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Cephaloid (?), a. [Cephalo- + -oid.] Shaped like the head. Craing.
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Cephalology (?), n. [Cephalo- + -logy.] The science which treats of the head.
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Cephalomere (?), n. [Cephalo- + -mere.] (Zoöl.) One of the somites (arthromeres) which make up the head of arthropods. Packard.
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Cephalometer (?), n. [Cephalo- + -meter.] (Med.) An instrument measuring the dimensions of the head of a fetus during delivery.
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Cephalometry (?), n. (Anthropometry) The measurement of the heads of living persons. -- Cephalometric (#),a.
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Cephalon (?), n. (Zoöl.) The head.
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Cephalophora (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. kefalh head + ferein to bear.] (Zoöl.) The cephalata.
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{ Cephalopod (sĕfȧl�pŏd), Cephalopode (sĕfȧl�pōd) }, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Cephalopoda.
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Cephalopoda (sĕfȧlŏp�dȧ), n. pl. [NL., gr. Gr. kefalh head + -poda: cf. F. céphalopode.] (Zoöl.) The highest class of Mollusca.
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☞ They have, around the front of the head, a group of elongated muscular arms, which are usually furnished with prehensile suckers or hooks. The head is highly developed, with large, well organized eyes and ears, and usually with a cartilaginous brain case. The higher forms, as the cuttlefishes, squids, and octopi, swim rapidly by ejecting a jet of water from the tubular siphon beneath the head. They have a pair of powerful horny jaws shaped like a parrot's beak, and a bag of inklike fluid which they can eject from the siphon, thus clouding the water in order to escape from their enemies. They are divided into two orders, the Dibranchiata, having two gills and eight or ten sucker-bearing arms, and the Tetrabranchiata, with four gills and numerous arms without suckers. The latter are all extinct except the Nautilus. See , , .
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{ Cephalopodic (sĕfȧl�pŏdĭk), Cephalopodous (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Belonging to, or resembling, the cephalopods.
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Cephaloptera (sĕfȧlŏpt�rȧ), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kefalh head + pteron wing.] (Zoöl.) One of the generic names of the gigantic ray (Manta birostris) of the family Mobulidae, known as devilfish, sea devil, manta and manta ray. It is common on the coasts of South Carolina, Florida, and farther south, and is sometimes found as far north as New York Bay. Some of them grow to enormous size, becoming twenty feet of more across the body, and weighing more than a ton.
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Cephalosome (sĕfȧl�sōm, n. [Cephalo- + -some body.] (Zoöl.) The anterior region or head of insects and other arthropods. Packard.
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Cephalosporin (sĕfȧl�spōrĭn), n. [from Cephalosporium, a fungus producing the first of the series discovered.] (Chem.) any of a class of chemical substances, some of which have therapeutically useful antibacterial activity, whose structure contains a beta-lactam ring fused to a six-membered ring containing a sulfur and a nitrogen atom. The first of the series, cephalosporin C, was discovered by G. Brotzu in 1955 in the culture broth of a Cephalosporium species found off the coast of Sardinia. Other cephalosporins have been found to be produced by species of soil bacteria (actinomycetes). Many semisynthetic analogs have been tested for antibacterial effect, and several of them have found use as important clinically useful antibacterial agents, some of which may be taken orally for treatment of bacterial infections. The cephalosporins are the second class of beta-lactam antibiotic to be discovered, the first being the penicillins and more recent classes being the thienamycins and sulfazecins. The cephamycins are a variant of cephalosporins with a methoxyl group on the beta-lactam ring, rendering them more resistant to penicillinases. Among the cephalosporins which have been found clinically useful are cephalexin, cephaloridine, and cephalothin.
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Cephalostyle (sĕfȧl�stīl), n. [Cephalo- + Gr. sty^los a pillar.] (Anat.) The anterior end of the notochord and its bony sheath in the base of cartilaginous crania.
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Cephalothorax (?), n. [Cephalo- + thorax.] (Zoöl.) The anterior portion of any one of the Arachnida and higher Crustacea, consisting of the united head and thorax.
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Cephalotome (?), n. [Cephalo- + Gr. � to cut.] (Med.) An instrument for cutting into the fetal head, to facilitate delivery.
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Cephalotomy (?), n. 1. Dissection or opening of the head.
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2. (Med.) Craniotomy; -- usually applied to bisection of the fetal head with a saw.
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Cephalotribe (?), n. [Cephalo- + Gr. to rub, grind.] An obstetrical instrument for performing cephalotripsy.
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Cephalotripsy (?), n. [See .] (Med.) The act or operation of crushing the head of a fetus in the womb in order to effect delivery.
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Cephalotrocha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kefalh head + � wheel.] (Zoöl.) A kind of annelid larva with a circle of cilia around the head.
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Cephalous (?), a. [Gr. kefalh head.] (Zoöl.) Having a head; -- applied chiefly to the Cephalata, a division of mollusks.
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Cepheus (?), n. (Astron.) A northern constellation near the pole. Its head, which is in the Milky Way, is marked by a triangle formed by three stars of the fourth magnitude. See .
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Cepphus n. a genus comprising the gillemots.
Syn. -- genus Cepphus.
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CER n. a , an emotional response that has been acquired by conditioning. [acronym]
Syn. -- conditioned emotional response, conditioned emotion.
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Ceraceous (?), a. [L. cera wax.] Having the texture and color of new wax; like wax; waxy.
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Cerago (?), n. [L. cera wax.] Beebread.
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Ceramic (?), a. [Gr. �, fr. � earthenware. Cf. .] Of or pertaining to pottery; relating to the art of making earthenware; as, ceramic products; ceramic ornaments for ceilings.
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Ceramics (?), n. [See .] 1. The art of making things of baked clay; as pottery, tiles, etc.
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2. pl. Work formed of clay in whole or in part, and baked; as, vases, urns, etc. Knight.
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Cerargyrite (s�rärj�rīt), n. [Gr. keras horn + 'argyros silver.] (Min.) Native silver chloride, a mineral of a white to pale yellow or gray color, darkening on exposure to the light. It may be cut by a knife, like lead or horn (hence called horn silver).
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ceras n. one of the often brightly colored and branching hornlike structures on the backs of nudibranchs and other related mollusks that serve as gills.
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Cerastium n. a genus of weedy plants of the pink family, comprising the mouse-ear chickweeds.
Syn. -- genus Cerastium.
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Cerasin (?), n. (Chem.) A white amorphous substance, the insoluble part of cherry gum; -- called also meta-arabinic acid.
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2. (Chem.) A gummy mucilaginous substance; -- called also bassorin, tragacanthin, etc.
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Cerasinous (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or containing, cerasin.
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2. Of a cherry color.
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Cerastes (?), n. [L., a horned serpent, fr. Gr. kerasths horned, fr. keras horn.] (Zoöl.) A genus of poisonous African serpents, with a horny scale over each eye; the horned viper.
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Cerate (?), n. [L. ceratum, ceratm, fr. cera wax.] (Med.) An unctuous preparation for external application, of a consistence intermediate between that of an ointment and a plaster, so that it can be spread upon cloth without the use of heat, but does not melt when applied to the skin.
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☞ Cerate consists essentially of wax (for which resin or spermaceti is sometimes substituted) mixed with oil, lard, and various medicinal ingredients. The cerate (formerly called simple cerate) of the United States Pharmacopoeia is a mixture of three parts of white wax and seven parts of lard.
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Cerated (?), p. a. [L. ceratus, p. p. of cerare to wax, fr. cera wax.] Covered with wax.
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Ceratine (?), a. [Gr. � the fallacy called “the horns.” fr. keras a horn.] (Lagic.) Sophistical.
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Ceratobranchia (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. keras, keratos, horn + �, n. pl., gills.] (Zoöl.) A group of nudibranchiate Mollusca having on the back papilliform or branched organs serving as gills.
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Ceratobranchial (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epibranchial in a branchial arch. -- n. A ceratobranchial bone, or cartilage.
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Ceratodus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. keras, keratos horn + � tooth.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ganoid fishes, of the order Dipnoi, first known as Mesozoic fossil fishes; but recently two living species have been discovered in Australian rivers. They have lungs so well developed that they can leave the water and breathe in air. In Australia they are called salmon and baramunda. See , and .
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Ceratohyal (?), a. [Gr. keras horn + the letter Υ.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the bone, or cartilage, below the epihyal in the hyoid arch. -- n. A ceratohyal bone, or cartilage, which, in man, forms one of the small horns of the hyoid.
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Ceratophyllaceae n. a natural family coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum; the hornworts.
Syn. -- family Ceratophyllaceae.
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Ceratophyllum n. the sole genus constituting the family Ceratophyllaceae; the hornworts.
Syn. -- genus Ceratophyllum.
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Ceratopogon n. the type genus of the Ceratopogonidae.
Syn. -- genus Ceratopogon.
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Ceratopogonidae n. a natural family of insects including the biting midges and sand flies.
Syn. -- family Ceratopogonidae.
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Ceratopsia n. a suborder of extinct animals including triceratops.
Syn. -- suborder Ceratopsia.
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ceratopsian n. any of several four-footed herbivorous horned dinosaurs with enormous beaked skulls, of the late Cretaceous in North America and Mongolia.
Syn. -- horned dinosaur.
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Ceratopsidae n. an extinct family of American ceratopsian dinosaurs.
Syn. -- family Ceratopsidae.
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Ceratopteris n. (Bot.) a genus of water ferns.
Syn. -- genus Ceratopteris.
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ceratosaur n. (Paleon.) the .
Syn. -- ceratosaurus.
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Ceratosaurus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. keras a horn + � lizard.] (Paleon.) A swift-running bipedal carnivorous American Jurassic dinosaur allied to the European Megalosaurus. The animal was nearly twenty feet in length, and the skull bears a bony short horn between the nostrils on the united nasal bones. See Illustration in Appendix.
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Ceratospongiæ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. keras, keratos horn + � sponge.] (Zoöl.) An order of sponges in which the skeleton consists of horny fibers. It includes all the commercial sponges.
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ceratozamia n. (Bot.) a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico.
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Ceraunics (?), n. [Gr. � thunder and lightning.] That branch of physics which treats of heat and electricity. R. Park.
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Ceraunoscope (?), n. [Gr. � thunder and lightning + -scope.] An instrument or apparatus employed in the ancient mysteries to imitate thunder and lightning. T. Moore.
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