Chisel - Chogset

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Chisel (?), n. [OF. chisel, F. ciseau, fr. LL. cisellus, prob. for caesellus, fr. L. caesus, p. p. of caedere to cut. Cf. .] A tool with a cutting edge on one end of a metal blade, used in dressing, shaping, or working in timber, stone, metal, etc.; -- usually driven by a mallet or hammer.
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Coloq. Cold chisel . See under , a.
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Chisel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chiseled (?), or Chiselled (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Chiseling, or Chiselling.] [Cf. F. ciseler.] 1. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; as, to chisel a block of marble into a statue.
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2. To cut close, as in a bargain; to cheat. [Slang]
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chiseler, chiseller n. 1. a person who swindles you by means of deception or fraud.
Syn. -- swindler, chiseler, gouger, sharper, sharpie, sharpy.
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Chishona n. one of the two major languages of Zimbabwe.
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Chisinau prop. n. (Geography) The capital city of Moldova. Population (2000) = 676,700.
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Chislev (kĭslŭf; kĭslŭv; kēslĕv), n. [Heb.] The third month of the Jewish civil year; the ninth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, occupying a part of November and a part of December; -- same as .
Syn. -- Kislev.
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Chisley (chĭzl�), a. [AS. ceosel gravel or sand. Cf. .] Having a large admixture of small pebbles or gravel; -- said of a soil. Gardner.
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Chit (chĭt), n. [Cf. AS. cīð shoot, sprig, from the same root as cīnan to yawn. See a cleft.] 1. The embryo or the growing bud of a plant; a shoot; a sprout; as, the chits of Indian corn or of potatoes.
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2. A child or babe; as, a forward chit; also, a young, small, or insignificant person or animal.
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A little chit of a woman. Thackeray.
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3. An excrescence on the body, as a wart. [Obs.]
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4. A small tool used in cleaving laths. Knight.
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{ Chit, Chitty (?) }, n. [Hind. chiṭṭī.] 1. A short letter or note; a written message or memorandum; a certificate given to a servant; a pass, or the like.
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2. A signed voucher or memorandum of a small debt, as for food and drinks at a club. [India, China, etc.]
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Chit, v. i. To shoot out; to sprout.
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I have known barley chit in seven hours after it had been thrown forth. Mortimer.
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Chit, 3d pers. sing. of . Chideth. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Chitchat (?), n. [From , by way of reduplication.] Familiar or trifling talk; prattle.
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Chitin (?), n. [See .] (Chem.) A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates; entomolin.
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Chitinization (?), n. The process of becoming chitinous.
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Chitinous (?), a. Having the nature of chitin; consisting of, or containing, chitin.
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chitlings, chitlins n. 1. small intestines of hogs prepared as food.
Syn. -- chitterlings.
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Chiton (?), n. [Gr. � a chiton (in sense 1).] 1. An under garment among the ancient Greeks, nearly representing the modern shirt.
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2. (Zoöl.) One of a group of gastropod mollusks, with a shell composed of eight movable dorsal plates. See .
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chittamwood n. 1. a shrubby tree of the U. S. Pacific coast (Rhamnus purshianus or Rhamnus purshiana), whose bark is the cascara sagrada, used as a mild cathartic or laxative.
Syn. -- cascara, cascara buckthorn, bearberry, bearwood, chittimwood, Rhamnus purshianus.
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2. a deciduous tree of SE U.S. and Mexico.
Syn. -- false buckthorn, chittimwood, shittimwood, black haw, Bumelia lanuginosa.
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3. a shrubby tree of southern U.S. (Cotinus obovatus) having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke; -- called also American smoke tree.
Syn. -- American smokewood, Cotinus americanus, Cotinus obovatus.
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Chitter (?), v. i. [Cf. .] 1. To chirp in a tremulous manner, as a bird. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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2. To shiver or chatter with cold. [Scot.] Burns.
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Chitterling (?), n. The frill to the breast of a shirt, which when ironed out resembled the small entrails. See . [Obs.] Gascoigne.
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Chitterlings (?), n. pl. [Cf. AS. cwiþ womb, Icel. kvið, Goth. qiþus, belly, womb, stomach, G. kutteln chitterlings.] (Cookery) The smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.
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Chittra (?), n. [Native Indian name.] (Zoöl.) The axis deer of India.
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Chitty (?), a. 1. Full of chits or sprouts.
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2. Childish; like a babe. [Obs.]
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Chivachie (?), n. [OF. chevauchie, chevauchée; of the same origin as E. cavalcade.] A cavalry raid; hence, a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Chivalric (?), a. [See .] Relating to chivalry; knightly; chivalrous.
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Chivalrous (?), a. [OF. chevalerus, chevalereus, fr. chevalier. See .] Pertaining to chivalry or knight-errantry; warlike; heroic; gallant; high-spirited; high-minded; magnanimous.
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In brave pursuit of chivalrous emprise. Spenser.
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Chivalrously, adv. In a chivalrous manner; gallantly; magnanimously.
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Chivalry (?), n. [F. chevalerie, fr. chevalier knight, OF., horseman. See , and cf. .] 1. A body or order of cavaliers or knights serving on horseback; illustrious warriors, collectively; cavalry. “His Memphian chivalry.” Milton.
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By his light
Did all the chivalry of England move,
To do brave acts. Shak.
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2. The dignity or system of knighthood; the spirit, usages, or manners of knighthood; the practice of knight-errantry. Dryden.
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3. The qualifications or character of knights, as valor, dexterity in arms, courtesy, etc.
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The glory of our Troy this day doth lie
On his fair worth and single chivalry. Shak.
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4. (Eng. Law) A tenure of lands by knight's service; that is, by the condition of a knight's performing service on horseback, or of performing some noble or military service to his lord.
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5. Exploit. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
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Coloq. Court of chivalry , a court formerly held before the lord high constable and earl marshal of England as judges, having cognizance of contracts and other matters relating to deeds of arms and war. Blackstone.
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chivaree n. a noisy mock serenade (made by banging pans and kettles) to a newly married couple.
Syn. -- shivaree, charivari, callithump, callathump.
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{ Chivarras (?), Chivarros (?), } n. pl. [Mex. Sp.] Leggings. [Mex. & Southwestern U. S.]
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Chive (?), n. (Bot.) A filament of a stamen. [Obs.]
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chive, chives (?), n. [F. cive, fr. L. cepa, caepa, onion. Cf. , .] (Bot.) A perennial plant (Allium Schoenoprasum), allied to the onion, having hollow cylindrical leaves used for seasoning. The young leaves are used in omelets, etc. [Written also cive.]
Syn. -- chive, cive, schnittlaugh, Allium schoenoprasum.
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2. the bulbous herb Allium Schoenoprasum used fresh as a mild onion-flavored seasoning.
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chivvy v. same as . [Also spelled chivy, chevy, and chevvy.]
Syn. -- harass, hassle, harry, beset, plague, molest, provoke.
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Chivy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chivied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chivying.] [Cf. .] To goad, drive, hunt, throw, or pitch; to repeatedly cause annoyance or concern to. [Slang, Eng.] [Also spelled chivvy, chevy, and chevvy.] Dickens.
Syn. -- harass, hassle, harry, beset, plague, molest, provoke.
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Chlamydate (?), a. [L. chlamydatus dressed in a military cloak. See .] (Zoöl.) Having a mantle; -- applied to certain gastropods.
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chlamydia n. a coccoid rickettsia which may infect birds and mammals; it causes infections of eyes and lungs and the genitourinary tract.
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Chlamydiaceae n. a natural family of gram-negative bacteria which are parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates.
Syn. -- family Chlamydiaceae.
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Chlamydomonadaceae n. a natural family of green algae some of which are colored red by hematochrome.
Syn. -- family Chlamydomonadaceae.
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Chlamydomonas n. the type genus of the Chlamydomonadaceae; they are solitary biflagellated plantlike algae common in fresh water and damp soil. They multiply freely and are often a pest around filtration plants.
Syn. -- genus Chlamydomonas.
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Chlamydosaurus n. a genus of frilled lizards.
Syn. -- genus Chlamydosaurus.
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Chlamyphore (?), n. [Gr. � cloak + ferein to bear.] (Zoöl.) A small South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus, and Chlamyphorus retusus) allied to the armadillo. It is covered with a leathery shell or coat of mail, like a cloak, attached along the spine.
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Chlamys (?), n.; pl. E. Chlamyses (#), L. Chlamydes (#). [L., from Gr. �.] A loose and flowing outer garment, worn by the ancient Greeks; a kind of cloak.
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Chloasma (?), n. [Gr. � to be green.] (Med.) A cutaneous affection characterized by yellow or yellowish brown pigmented spots.
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Chloral (?), n. [Chlorine + alcohol.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, CCl3.CHO, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol.
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2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate.
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Chloralamide (?), n. [Chloral + amide.] (Chem.) A compound of chloral and formic amide used to produce sleep.
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chloral hydrate n. 1. a chemical substance (CCl3.CH(OH)2) which is a hydrate of trichloroacetaldehyde. It crystallizes as white monoclinic plates, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken internally or hypodermically, and is used in medicine as a hypnotic and sedative; -- called also chloral It may be habit-forming, and is a controlled substance listed in the U. S. Code of Federal Regulations. It is sometimes used to render a person unconscious for illegal or nefarious purposes, and in this use, a concentrated solution is one of the agents called .
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Chloralism (?), n. (Med.) A morbid condition of the system resulting from excessive use of chloral.
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Chloralum (?), n. [Chlorine + aluminium.] An impure aqueous solution of chloride of aluminium, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
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Chloranil (?), n. [Chlorine + aniline.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, C6Cl4.O2, regarded as a derivative of quinone, obtained by the action of chlorine on certain benzene derivatives, as aniline.
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Chlorate (?), n. [Cf. F. chlorate. See .] (Chem.) A salt of chloric acid; as, chlorate of potassium.
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Chloraurate (?), n. [Chlorine + aurate.] (Chem.) See .
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Chlorhydric (?), a. [Chlorine + hydrogen + -ic.] (Chem.) Same as .
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Chlorhydrin (?), n. (Chem.) One of a class of compounds formed from certain polybasic alcohols (and especially glycerin) by the substitution of chlorine for one or more hydroxyl groups.
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Chloric (?), a. [From .] Pertaining to, or obtained from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of five, or the next to its highest; as, chloric acid, HClO3.
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Coloq. Chloric ether (Chem.), ethylene dichloride. See Dutch liquid, under .
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Chloridate (?), v. t. To treat or prepare with a chloride, as a plate with chloride of silver, for the purposes of photography. R. Hunt.
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Chloride (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of chlorine with another element or radical; as, chloride of sodium (common salt).
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Coloq. Chloride of ammonium , sal ammoniac. -- Coloq. Chloride of lime , bleaching powder; a grayish white substance, CaOCl2, used in bleaching and disinfecting; -- called more properly calcium hypochlorite. See Hypochlorous acid, under . -- Coloq. Mercuric chloride , corrosive sublimate.
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Chloridic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a chloride; containing a chloride.
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Chloridize (?), v. t. See .
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Chlorimetry (?), n. See .
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Chlorinate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chlorinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chlorinating.] (Chem.) To treat, or cause to combine, with chlorine.
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Chlorination (?), n. The act or process of subjecting anything to the action of chlorine; especially, a process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas.
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Chlorine (?), n. [Gr. � pale green, greenish yellow. So named from its color. See .] (Chem.) One of the elementary substances, commonly isolated as a greenish yellow gas, two and one half times as heavy as air, of an intensely disagreeable suffocating odor, and exceedingly poisonous. It is abundant in nature, the most important compound being common salt (Sodium chloride). It is powerful oxidizing, bleaching, and disinfecting agent. Symbol Cl. Atomic weight, 35.4.
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Coloq. Chlorine family , the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, called the halogens, and classed together from their common peculiarities.
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Chloriodic (?), a. Compounded of chlorine and iodine; containing chlorine and iodine.
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Chloriodine (?), n. A compound of chlorine and iodine. [R.]
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Chlorite (?), n. [Gr. � (sc. �), fr. chlwros light green.] (Min.) The name of a group of minerals, usually of a green color and micaceous to granular in structure. They are hydrous silicates of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
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Coloq. Chlorite slate , a schistose or slaty rock consisting of alumina, iron, and magnesia.
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Chlorite, n. [Chlorous + -ite.] (Chem.) Any salt of chlorous acid; as, chlorite of sodium.
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Chloritic (?), a. [From 1st .] Pertaining to, or containing, chlorite; as, chloritic sand.
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Chlormethane (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless gas, CH3Cl, of a sweet odor, easily condensed to a liquid; -- called also methyl chloride.
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Chloro- (?). (Chem.) A prefix denoting that chlorine is an ingredient in the substance named.
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Chlorocruorin (?), n. [Gr. chlwros light green + E. cruorin.] (Physiol.) A green substance, supposed to be the cause of the green color of the blood in some species of worms. Ray Lankester.
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Chlorodyne (?), n. [From chlorine, in imitation of anodyne.] (Med.) A patent anodyne medicine, containing opium, chloroform, Indian hemp, etc.
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Chloroform (?), n. [Chlorine + formyl, it having been regarded as a trichloride of this radical: cf. F. chloroforme, G. chloroform.] (Chem.) A colorless volatile liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively used to produce anæsthesia in surgical operations; also externally, to alleviate pain.
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Chloroform (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chloroformed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chloroforming.] To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.
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Chloroleucite (?), n. [Gr. chlwros light green + E. leucite.] (Bot.) Same as .
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Chlorometer (?), n. [Cf. F. chloromètre. See , and .] An instrument to test the decoloring or bleaching power of chloride of lime.
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Chlorometry (?), n. The process of testing the bleaching power of any combination of chlorine.
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Chloropal (?), n. [Gr. chlwros light green + E. opal.] (Min.) A massive mineral, greenish in color, and opal-like in appearance. It is essentially a hydrous silicate of iron.
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Chloropeptic (?), a. [Chlorine + peptic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to an acid more generally called pepsin-hydrochloric acid.
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Chlorophane (?), n. [Gr. chlwros light green + � to show: cf. F. chlorophane.] 1. (Min.) A variety of fluor spar, which, when heated, gives a beautiful emerald green light.
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2. (Physiol.) The yellowish green pigment in the inner segment of the cones of the retina. See .
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Chlorophyll (?), n. [Gr. chlwros light green + fyllon leaf: cf. F. chlorophylle.] 1. (Bot.) Literally, leaf green; a green granular matter formed in the cells of the leaves (and other parts exposed to light) of plants, to which they owe their green color, and through which all ordinary assimilation of plant food takes place. Similar chlorophyll granules have been found in the tissues of the lower animals. [Written also chlorophyl.]
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2. any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are found in higher plants and green algae; chlorophyll c is found in certain types of marine algae. Chemically, it has a porphyrin ring with a magnesium ion bound to the four central nitrogens, and has a phytyl side chain. It is essential for photosynthesis in most plants. Chlorophyll a has formula C55H72N4O5Mg.
Syn. -- chlorophyll.
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Chloroplast (?), n. [Pref. chloro- + Gr. � to mold, form.] (Biol.) A plastid containing chlorophyll, developed only in cells exposed to the light. Chloroplasts are minute flattened granules, usually occurring in great numbers in the cytoplasm near the cell wall, and consist of a colorless ground substance saturated with chlorophyll pigments. Under light of varying intensity they exhibit phototactic movements. In animals chloroplasts occur only in certain low forms.
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Chloroplastid (?), n. [Gr. chlwros light green + E. plastid.] (Bot.) A granule of chlorophyll; -- also called chloroleucite.
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Chloroplatinic (?), a. (Chem.) See .
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Chlorosis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. chlwros light green: cf. F. chlorose.] 1. (Med.) The green sickness; an anæmic disease of young women, characterized by a greenish or grayish yellow hue of the skin, weakness, palpitation, etc.
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2. (Bot.) A disease in plants, causing the flowers to turn green or the leaves to lose their normal green color.
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Chlorotic (?), a. [Cf. F. chlorotique.] Pertaining to, or affected by, chlorosis.
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Chlorous (?), a. [See .] 1. Of, pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine; -- said of those compounds of chlorine in which this element has a valence of three, the next lower than in chloric compounds; as, chlorous acid, HClO2.
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2. (Chem. Physics) Pertaining to, or resembling, the electro-negative character of chlorine; hence, electro-negative; -- opposed to basylous or zincous. [Obs.]
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Chloroxylon n. a genus of deciduous trees of India and Sri Lanka.
Syn. -- genus Chloroxylon.
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Chlorpicrin (?), n. (Chem.) A heavy, colorless liquid, CCl3.NO2, of a strong pungent odor, obtained by subjecting picric acid to the action of chlorine. [Written also chloropikrin.]
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chlorpromazine n. a drug derived from phenothiazine and used as a sedative and tranquilizer.
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chlortetracycline n. a yellow crystalline antibacterial antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial and rickettsial diseases. Aureomycin is one common trademark for chlortetracycline.
Syn. -- Aureomycin.
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Chlorura n. one of the genera of birds which comprise the towhees.
Syn. -- genus Chlorura.
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Chloruret (?), n. [Cf. F. chlorure.] (Chem.) A chloride. [Obs.]
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Choak (?), v. t. & i. See .
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choanocyte (kōȧn�sīt; kōăn�sīt), n. [Gr. choanh funnel + -cyte.] any of the flagellated cells in sponges having a collar of cytoplasm around base of the flagellum; they maintain a flow of water through the body.
Syn. -- collar cell.
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Choanoid (?), a. [Gr. choanh funnel + -oid.] (Anat.) Funnel-shaped; -- applied particularly to a hollow muscle attached to the ball of the eye in many reptiles and mammals.
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choc n. chocolate; a colloquial British abbreviation; as, a box ov chocs.
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Chocard (?), n. (Zoöl.) The chough.
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choc-ice n. colloquial British abbreviation for chocolate ice cream.
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Chock (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Chocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Chocking.] To stop or fasten, as with a wedge, or block; to scotch; as, to chock a wheel or cask.
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Chock, v. i. To fill up, as a cavity. “The woodwork . . . exactly chocketh into joints.” Fuller.
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Chock, n. 1. A wedge, or block made to fit in any space which it is desired to fill, esp. something to steady a cask or other body, or prevent it from moving, by fitting into the space around or beneath it.
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2. (Naut.) A heavy casting of metal, usually fixed near the gunwale. It has two short horn-shaped arms curving inward, between which ropes or hawsers may pass for towing, mooring, etc.
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Chock, adv. (Naut.) Entirely; quite; as, chock home; chock aft.
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Chock, v. t. [F. choquer. Cf. , v. t.] To encounter. [Obs.]
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Chock, n. An encounter. [Obs.]
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Chockablock (?), a. (Naut.) Hoisted as high as the tackle will admit; brought close together, as the two blocks of a tackle in hoisting.
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Chock-full chockfull (?), pred. a. Quite full; full to capacity; choke-full; as, chowder chock-full of clams.
Syn. -- chockablock(predicate), chockful(predicate), choke-full(predicate), chuck-full(predicate), cram full.
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Chocolate (?), n. [Sp., fr. the Mexican name of the cacao. Cf. , .] 1. A paste or cake composed of the roasted seeds of the Theobroma Cacao ground and mixed with other ingredients, usually sugar, and cinnamon or vanilla.
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2. The beverage made by dissolving a portion of the paste or cake in boiling water or milk.
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Coloq. Chocolate house , a house in which customers may be served with chocolate. -- Coloq. Chocolate nut . See .
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Choctaws (?), n. pl.; sing. Choctaw. (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians (Southern Appalachian), in early times noted for their pursuit of agriculture, and for living at peace with the white settlers. They are now one of the civilized tribes of the Indian Territory.
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Chode (chōd), the old imp. of chide. See .
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Chogset (?), n. (Zoöl.) See .
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