Circulate - Circumspection

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Coloq. Circulating decimal . See . -- Coloq. Circulating library , a library whose books are loaned to the public, usually at certain fixed rates. -- Coloq. Circulating medium . See .
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Circulate (?), v. t. To cause to pass from place to place, or from person to person; to spread; as, to circulate a report; to circulate bills of credit.
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Coloq. Circulating pump . See under .

Syn. -- To spread; diffuse; propagate; disseminate.
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circulating adj. 1. moving or flowing in a circuit and returning to the same point; as, steam circulating through the pipes; the circulating thyroid hormones.
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2. passing from one to another. [prenominal]
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Circulation (?), n. [L. circulatio: cf. F. circulation.] 1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.
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This continual circulation of human things. Swift.
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2. The act of passing from place to place or person to person; free diffusion; transmission.
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The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had some popular circulation. Whewell.
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3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current for coin.
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4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated; the measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a newspaper.
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5. (Physiol.) The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular system, by which it is brought into close relations with almost every living elementary constituent. Also, the movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.
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Circulative (?), a. Promoting circulation; circulating. [R.] Coleridge.
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Circulator (?), n. [Cf. L. circulator a peddler.] One who, or that which, circulates.
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Circulatorious (?), a. Travelling from house to house or from town to town; itinerant. [Obs.] “Circulatorious jugglers.” Barrow.
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Circulatory (?), a. [L. circulatorius pert. to a mountebank: cf. F. circulatoire.]
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1. Circular; as, a circulatory letter. Johnson.
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2. Circulating, or going round. T. Warton.
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3. (Anat.) Subserving the purposes of circulation; as, circulatory organs; of or pertaining to the organs of circulation; as, circulatory diseases.
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Circulatory, n. A chemical vessel consisting of two portions unequally exposed to the heat of the fire, and with connecting pipes or passages, through which the fluid rises from the overheated portion, and descends from the relatively colder, maintaining a circulation.
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Circulet (?), n. A circlet. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Circuline (?), a. Proceeding in a circle; circular. [Obs.] “With motion circuline”. Dr. H. More.
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Circum- (?). [Akin to circle, circus.] A Latin preposition, used as a prefix in many English words, and signifying around or about.
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Circumagitate (?), v. t. [Pref. circum + agitate.] To agitate on all sides. Jer. Taylor.
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Circumambage (?), n. [Pref. circum- + ambage, obs. sing. of ambages.] A roundabout or indirect course; indirectness. [Obs.] S. Richardson.
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Circumambiency (?), n. The act of surrounding or encompassing. Sir T. Browne.
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Circumambient (?), a. [Pref. circum- + ambient.] Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing. “The circumambient heaven.” J. Armstrong.
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Circumambulate (?), v. t. [L. circumambulatus, p. p. of circumambulare to walk around; circum + ambulare. See .] To walk round about. -- Circumambulation (#), n.
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Circumbendibus (?), n. A roundabout or indirect way. [Jocular] Goldsmith.
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Circumcenter (?), n. (Geom.) The center of a circle that circumscribes a triangle.
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Circumcise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumcised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumcising.] [L. circumcisus, p. p. of circumcidere to cut around, to circumcise; circum + caedere to cut; akin to E. cæsura, homicide, concise, and prob. to shed, v. t.] 1. To cut off the prepuce of foreskin of, in the case of males, and the internal labia of, in the case of females.
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2. (Script.) To purify spiritually.
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Circumciser (?), n. One who performs circumcision. Milton.
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Circumcision (?), n. [L. circumcisio.] 1. The act of cutting off the prepuce or foreskin of males, or the internal labia of females.
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☞ The circumcision of males is practiced as a religious rite by the Jews, Mohammedans, etc.
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2. (Script.) (a) The Jews, as a circumcised people. (b) Rejection of the sins of the flesh; spiritual purification, and acceptance of the Christian faith.
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Circumclusion (?), n. [L. circumcludere, -clusum, to inclose.] Act of inclosing on all sides. [R.]
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Circumcursation (?), n. [L. circumcursare, -satum, to run round about.] The act of running about; also, rambling language. [Obs.] Barrow.
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Circumdenudation (?), n. [Pref. circum- + denudation.] (Geol.) Denudation around or in the neighborhood of an object.
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Coloq. Hills of circumdenudation , hills which have been produced by surface erosion; the elevations which have been left, after denudation of a mass of high ground. Jukes.
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Circumduce (?), v. t. [See .] (Scots Law) To declare elapsed, as the time allowed for introducing evidence. Sir W. Scott.
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Circumduct (?), v. t. [L. circumductus, p. p. of circumducere to lead around; circum + ducere to lead.]
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1. To lead about; to lead astray. [R.]
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2. (Law) To contravene; to nullify; as, to circumduct acts of judicature. [Obs.] Ayliffe.
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Circumduction (?), n. [L. circumductio.] 1. A leading about; circumlocution. [R.] Hooker.
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2. An annulling; cancellation. [R.] Ayliffe.
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3. (Physiol.) The rotation of a limb round an imaginary axis, so as to describe a conical surface.
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Circumesophagal (?), a. [Pref. circum- + esophagal.] (Anat.) Surrounding the esophagus; -- in (Zoöl.) said of the nerve commissures and ganglia of arthropods and mollusks.
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Circumesophageal (?), a. (Anat.) Circumesophagal.
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Circumfer (?), v. t. [L. circumferre; circum- + ferre to bear. See 1st .] To bear or carry round. [Obs.] Bacon.
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Circumference (?), n. [L. circumferentia.]
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1. The line that goes round or encompasses a circular figure; a periphery. Millon.
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2. A circle; anything circular.
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His ponderous shield . . .
Behind him cast. The broad circumference
Hung on his shoulders like the moon. Milton.
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3. The external surface of a sphere, or of any orbicular body.
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Circumference, v. t. To include in a circular space; to bound. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
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Circumferential (?), a. [LL. circumferentialis.] Pertaining to the circumference; encompassing; encircling; circuitous. Parkhurst.
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Circumferentially (?), adv. So as to surround or encircle.
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Circumferentor (?), n. [See .]
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1. A surveying instrument, for taking horizontal angles and bearings; a surveyor's compass. It consists of a compass whose needle plays over a circle graduated to 360°, and of a horizontal brass bar at the ends of which are standards with narrow slits for sighting, supported on a tripod by a ball and socket joint.
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2. A graduated wheel for measuring tires; a tire circle.
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Circumflant (?), a. [L. circumflans, p. pr. of circumflare.] Blowing around. [Obs.] Evelyn.
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Circumflect (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflecting.] [L. circumflectere. See .] 1. To bend around.
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2. To mark with the circumflex accent, as a vowel. [R.]
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Circumflection (?), n. See .
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Circumflex (?), n. [L. circumflexus a bending round, fr. circumflectere, circumflexum, to bend or turn about; circum + flectere to bend. See .]
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1. A wave of the voice embracing both a rise and fall or a fall and a rise on the same a syllable. Walker.
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2. A character, or accent, denoting in Greek a rise and of the voice on the same long syllable, marked thus [~ or �]; and in Latin and some other languages, denoting a long and contracted syllable, marked [� or ^]. See , n., 2.
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Circumflex, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumflexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumflexing (?).] To mark or pronounce with a circumflex. Walker.
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Circumflex, a. [Cf. L. circumflexus, p. p.]
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1. Moving or turning round; circuitous. [R.] Swift.
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2. (Anat.) Curved circularly; -- applied to several arteries of the hip and thigh, to arteries, veins, and a nerve of the shoulder, and to other parts.
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Circumflexion (?), n. 1. The act of bending, or causing to assume a curved form.
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2. A winding about; a turning; a circuity; a fold.
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Circumfluence (?), n. A flowing round on all sides; an inclosing with a fluid.
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{ Circumfluent (?), Circumfluous (?), } a. [L. circumfluere, p. pr. of circumfluere; circum + fluere to flow; also L. circumfluus.] Flowing round; surrounding in the manner of a fluid. “The deep, circumfluent waves.” Pope.
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{ Circumforanean (?), Circumforaneous (?), } a. [L. circumforaneus found in markets; circum + forum a market place.] Going about or abroad; walking or wandering from house to house. Addison.
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Circumfulgent (?), a. [Pref. circum- + fulgent.] Shining around or about.
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Circumfuse (?), v. t. [L. circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour around; circum + fundere to pour.] To pour round; to spread round.
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His army circumfused on either wing. Milton.
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Circumfusile (?), a. [Pref. circum- + L. fusilis fusil, a.] Capable of being poured or spread round. “Circumfusile gold.” Pope.
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Circumfusion (?), n. [L. circumfusio.] The act of pouring or spreading round; the state of being spread round. Swift.
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Circumgestation (?), n. [L. circumgestare to carry around; circum + gestare to carry.] The act or process of carrying about. [Obs.]
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Circumgestation of the eucharist to be adored. Jer. Taylor.
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Circumgyrate (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. circum- + gyrate.] To roll or turn round; to cause to perform a rotary or circular motion. Ray.
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Circumgyration (?), n. The act of turning, rolling, or whirling round.
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A certain turbulent and irregular circumgyration. Holland.
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Circumgyratory (?), a. Moving in a circle; turning round. Hawthorne.
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Circumgyre (?), v. i. To circumgyrate. [Obs.]
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Circumincession (?), n. [Pref. circum- + L. incedere, incessum, to walk.] (Theol.) The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the Trinity.
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Circumjacence (?), n. Condition of being circumjacent, or of bordering on every side.
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Circumjacent (?), a. [L. circumjacens, p. pr. of circumjacere; circum + jacēre to lie.] Lying round; bordering on every side. T. Fuller.
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Circumjovial (?), n. [Pref. circum- + L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, Jove.] One of the moons or satellites of the planet Jupiter. [Obs.] Derham.
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Circumlittoral (?), a. [Pref. circum- + L. littus, littoris, shore; preferable form, litus, litoris.] Adjointing the shore.
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Circumlocution (?), n. [L. circumlocutio, fr. circumloqui, -locutus, to make use of circumlocution; circum + loqui to speak. See .] The use of many words to express an idea that might be expressed by few; indirect or roundabout language; a periphrase.
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the plain Billingsgate way of calling names . . . would save abundance of time lost by circumlocution. Swift.
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Coloq. Circumlocution office , a term of ridicule for a governmental office where business is delayed by passing through the hands of different officials.
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Circumlocutional (?), a. Relating to, or consisting of, circumlocutions; periphrastic; circuitous.
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Circumlocutory (?), a. Characterised by circumlocution; periphrastic. Shenstone.
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The officials set to work in regular circumlocutory order. Chambers's Journal.
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Circummeridian (?), a. [Pref. circum- + meridian.] About, or near, the meridian.
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Circummure (?), v. t. [Pref. circum- + mure, v. t.] To encompass with a wall. Shak.
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Circumnavigable (?), a. Capable of being sailed round. Ray.
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Circumnavigate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumnavigated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumnavigating (?).] [L. circumnavigatus, p. p. of circumnavigare to sail round; circum + navigare to navigate.] To sail completely round.
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Having circumnavigated the whole earth. T. Fuller.
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Circumnavigation (?), n. The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round. Arbuthnot.
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Circumnavigator (?), n. One who sails round. W. Guthrie.
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Circumnutate (?), v. i. [Pref. circum- + nutate.] To pass through the stages of circumnutation.
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Circumnutation (?), n. (Bot.) The successive bowing or bending in different directions of the growing tip of the stems of many plants, especially seen in climbing plants.
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Circumpolar (?), a. [Pref. circum- + polar.] About the pole; -- applied to stars that revolve around the pole without setting; as, circumpolar stars.
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Circumposition (?), n. [L. circumpositio, fr. circumponere, - positium, to place around.] The act of placing in a circle, or round about, or the state of being so placed. Evelyn.
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{ Circumrotary (?), Circumrotatory (?), } a. [Pref. circum- + rotary, rotatory.] turning, rolling, or whirling round.
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Circumrotate (?), v. t. & i. [L. circumrotare; circum + rotare to turn round.] To rotate about. [R.]
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Circumrotation (?), n. The act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel; circumvolution; the state of being whirled round. J. Gregory.
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Circumscissile (?), a. [Pref. circum- + scissle.] (Bot.) Dehiscing or opening by a transverse fissure extending around (a capsule or pod). See Illust. of .
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Circumscribable (?), a. Capable of being circumscribed.
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Circumscribe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Circumscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Circumscribing.] [L. circumscribere, -scriptum; circum + scribere to write, draw. See .]
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1. to write or engrave around. [R.]
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Thereon is circumscribed this epitaph. Ashmole.
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2. To inclose within a certain limit; to hem in; to surround; to bound; to confine; to restrain.
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To circumscribe royal power. Bancroft.
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3. (Geom.) To draw a line around so as to touch at certain points without cutting. See , 5.

Syn. -- To bound; limit; restrict; confine; abridge; restrain; environ; encircle; inclose; encompass.
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Circumscriber (?), n. One who, or that which, circumscribes.
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Circumscriptible (?), a. Capable of being circumscribed or limited by bounds.
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Circumscription (?), n. [L. circumscriptio. See .] 1. An inscription written around anything. [R.] Ashmole.
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2. The exterior line which determines the form or magnitude of a body; outline; periphery. Ray.
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3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited, by conditions or restraints; bound; confinement; limit.
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The circumscriptions of terrestrial nature. Johnson.
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I would not my unhoused, free condition
Put into circumscription and confine. Shak.
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Circumscriptive (?), a. Circumscribing or tending to circumscribe; marcing the limits or form of.
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Circumscriptively, adv. In a limited manner.
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Circumscriptly (?), adv. In a literal, limited, or narrow manner. [R.] Milton.
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Circumspect (?), a. [L. circumspectus, p. p. of circumspicere to look about one's self, to observe; circum + spicere, specere, to look. See .] Attentive to all the circumstances of a case or the probable consequences of an action; cautious; prudent; wary.

Syn. -- See .
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Circumspection (?), n. [L. circumspectio.] Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case; caution; watchfulness.
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With silent circumspection, unespied. Milton.

Syn. -- Caution; prudence; watchfulness; deliberation; thoughtfulness; wariness; forecast.
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