Crustalogy - Crystallite

Crustalogy (kr?s-t?l?-j?), n. [L. crusta shell + -logy.] Crustaceology.
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Crustated (kr?st?-t?d), a. [L. crustatus, p. p. of crustare, fr. crusta. See .] Covered with a crust; as, crustated basalt.
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Crustation (kr?s-t?sh?n), n. An adherent crust; an incrustation. Pepys.
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Crusted (kr?st?d), a. Incrusted; covered with, or containing, crust; as, old, crusted port wine.
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Crustific (kr?s-t?f?k), a. [L. crusta crust + -facere to make.] Producing or forming a crust or skin. [R.]
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Crustily (krŭstĭ-l�), adv. In a crusty or surly manner; morosely.
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Crustiness (-ĭ-nĕs), n. 1. The state or quality of having crust or being like crust; hardness.
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2. The quality of being crusty or surly.
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Old Christy forgot his usual crustiness. W. Irving.
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Crusty (-�), a. 1. Having the nature of crust; pertaining to a hard covering; as, a crusty coat; a crusty surface or substance.
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2. [Possibly a corruption of cursty. Cf. , .] Having a hard exterior, or a short, rough manner, though kind at heart; snappish; peevish; surly.
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Thou crusty batch of nature, what's the news? Shak.
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Crut (krŭt), n. [Cf. F. croûte crust.] The rough, shaggy part of oak bark.
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Crutch (krŭch; 224), n.; pl. Crutches (-ĕz). [OE. crucche, AS. crycc, cricc; akin to D. kruk, G. krücke, Dan. krykke, Sw. krycka, and to E. crook. See , and cf. a low stool.] 1. A staff with a crosspiece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, to support the lame or infirm in walking.
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I'll lean upon one crutch, and fight with the other. Shak.
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Rhyme is a crutch that lifts the weak alone. H. Smith.
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2. A form of pommel for a woman's saddle, consisting of a forked rest to hold the leg of the rider.
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3. (Naut.) (a) A knee, or piece of knee timber. (b) A forked stanchion or post; a crotch. See .
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Crutch, v. t. To support on crutches; to prop up. [R.]
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Two fools that crutch their feeble sense on verse. Dryden.
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Crutched (kr?cht), a. 1. Supported upon crutches.
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2. [See , v. t., and , a. ] Marked with the sign of the cross; crouched.
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Coloq. Crutched friar (Eccl.), one of a religious order, so called because its members bore the sign of the cross on their staves and habits; -- called also crossed friar and crouched friar.
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Cruth (kr?th), n. [W. crwth.] (Mus.) See 4th .
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Crux (krŭks), n.; pl. E. Cruxes (-ĕz), L. Cruces (krṳsēz). [L., cross, torture, trouble.] Anything that is very puzzling or difficult to explain. Dr. Sheridan.
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The perpetual crux of New Testament chronologists. Strauss.
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Crux ansata (?). [L., cross with a handle.] A cross in the shape of the ankh.
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Cruzado (kr?-z?d?), n. A coin. See .
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Crwth (kr�th), n. [W.] (Mus.) See 4th .
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Cry (krī), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Cried (krīd); p. pr. & vb. n. Crying.] [F. crier, cf. L. quiritare to raise a plaintive cry, scream, shriek, perh. fr. queri to complain; cf. Skr. cvas to pant, hiss, sigh. Cf. a brawl, .] 1. To make a loud call or cry; to call or exclaim vehemently or earnestly; to shout; to vociferate; to proclaim; to pray; to implore.
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And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice. Matt. xxvii. 46.
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Clapping their hands, and crying with loud voice. Shak.
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Hear the voice of my supplications when I cry unto thee. Ps. xxviii. 2.
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The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord. Is. xl. 3.
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Some cried after him to return. Bunyan.
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2. To utter lamentations; to lament audibly; to express pain, grief, or distress, by weeping and sobbing; to shed tears; to bawl, as a child.
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Ye shall cry for sorrow of heart. Is. lxv. 14.
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I could find it in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel and to cry like a woman. Shak.
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3. To utter inarticulate sounds, as animals.
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The young ravens which cry. Ps. cxlvii. 9.
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In a cowslip's bell I lie
There I couch when owls do cry. Shak.
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Coloq. To cry on or Coloq. To cry upon , to call upon the name of; to beseech. “No longer on Saint Denis will we cry.” Shak. -- Coloq. To cry out . (a) To exclaim; to vociferate; to scream; to clamor. (b) To complain loudly; to lament. -- Coloq. To cry out against , to complain loudly of; to censure; to blame. -- Coloq. To cry out on or Coloq. To cry out upon , to denounce; to censure. “Cries out upon abuses.” Shak. -- Coloq. To cry to , to call on in prayer; to implore. -- Coloq. To cry you mercy , to beg your pardon. “I cry you mercy, madam; was it you?” Shak.
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Cry, v. t. 1. To utter loudly; to call out; to shout; to sound abroad; to declare publicly.
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All, all, cry shame against ye, yet I 'll speak. Shak.
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The man . . . ran on,crying, Life! life! Eternal life! Bunyan.
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2. To cause to do something, or bring to some state, by crying or weeping; as, to cry one's self to sleep.
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3. To make oral and public proclamation of; to declare publicly; to notify or advertise by outcry, especially things lost or found, goods to be sold, ets.; as, to cry goods, etc.
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Love is lost, and thus she cries him. Crashaw.
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4. Hence, to publish the banns of, as for marriage.
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I should not be surprised if they were cried in church next Sabbath. Judd.
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Coloq. To cry aim . See under . -- Coloq. To cry down , to decry; to depreciate; to dispraise; to condemn.
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Men of dissolute lives cry down religion, because they would not be under the restraints of it. Tillotson.
-- Coloq. To cry out , to proclaim; to shout. “Your gesture cries it out.” Shak. -- Coloq. To cry quits , to propose, or declare, the abandonment of a contest. -- Coloq. To cry up , to enhance the value or reputation of by public and noisy praise; to extol; to laud publicly or urgently.
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Cry (kr?), n.; pl. Cries (kr�z). [F. cri, fr. crier to cry. See , v. i. ] 1. A loud utterance; especially, the inarticulate sound produced by one of the lower animals; as, the cry of hounds; the cry of wolves. Milton.
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2. Outcry; clamor; tumult; popular demand.
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Again that cry was found to have been as unreasonable as ever. Macaulay.
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3. Any expression of grief, distress, etc., accompanied with tears or sobs; a loud sound, uttered in lamentation.
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There shall be a great cry throughout all the land. Ex. xi. 6.
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An infant crying in the night,
An infant crying for the light;
And with no language but a cry. Tennyson.
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4. Loud expression of triumph or wonder or of popular acclamation or favor. Swift.
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The cry went once on thee. Shak.
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5. Importunate supplication.
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O, the most piteous cry of the poor souls. Shak.
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6. Public advertisement by outcry; proclamation, as by hawkers of their wares.
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The street cries of London. Mayhew.
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7. Common report; fame.
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The cry goes that you shall marry her. Shak.
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8. A word or phrase caught up by a party or faction and repeated for effect; as, the party cry of the Tories.
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All now depends upon a good cry. Beaconsfield.
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9. A pack of hounds. Milton.
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A cry more tunable
Was never hollaed to, nor cheered with horn. Shak.
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10. A pack or company of persons; -- in contempt.
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Would not this . . . get me a fellowship in a cry of players? Shak.
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11. The crackling noise made by block tin when it is bent back and forth.
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Coloq. A far cry , a long distance; -- in allusion to the sending of criers or messengers through the territory of a Scottish clan with an announcement or summons.
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Cryal (kr?al), n. [Cf. W. creyr, cryr, crychydd. Cf. a hawk.] The heron [Obs.] Ainsworth.
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Cryer (-?r), n. [F. faucon gruyer a falcon trained to fly at the crane, fr. crye crane, fr. L. crus crane. Cf. .] The female of the hawk; a falcon-gentil.
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Crying, a. Calling for notice; compelling attention; notorious; heinous; as, a crying evil.
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Too much fondness for meditative retirement is not the crying sin of our modern Christianity. I. Taylor.
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Cryohydrate (kr??-h?dr?t), n. [Gr. kryos cold + E. hydrate.] (Chem.) A substance, as salt, ammonium chloride, etc., which crystallizes with water of crystallization only at low temperatures, or below the freezing point of water. F. Guthrie.
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Cryolite (krī?-l?t), n. [Gr. kryos icy cold, frost + -lite: cf. F. cryolithe.] (Min.) A fluoride of sodium and aluminum, found in Greenland, in white cleavable masses; -- used as a source of soda and alumina.
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cryometer (?), n. [Gr. � cold, frost + -meter.] (Physics) A thermometer for the measurement of low temperatures, esp. such an instrument containing alcohol or some other liquid of a lower freezing point than mercury.
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cryopathy n. destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene.
Syn. -- frostbite.
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cryophobia n. a morbid fear of freezing.
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cryophorus (kr�ŏf�rŭs), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kryos icy cold, frost + ferein to bear.] (Chem.) An instrument used to illustrate the freezing of water by its own evaporation. The ordinary form consists of two glass bulbs, connected by a tube of the same material, and containing only a quantity of water and its vapor, devoid of air. The water is in one of the bulbs, and freezes when the other is cooled below 32° Fahr.
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cryoscope n. an instrument for measuring freezing and melting points.
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cryostat n. a thermostat that operates at very low temperatures.
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Crypt (krĭpt), n. [L. crypta vault, crypt, Gr. krypth, fr. kryptein to hide. See , .] 1. A vault wholly or partly under ground; especially, a vault under a church, whether used for burial purposes or for a subterranean chapel or oratory.
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Priesthood works out its task age after age, . . . treasuring in convents and crypts the few fossils of antique learning. Motley.
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My knees are bowed in crypt and shrine. Tennyson.
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2. (Anat.) A simple gland, glandular cavity, or tube; a follicle; as, the crypts of Lieberkühn, the simple tubular glands of the small intestines.
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Cryptal (-al), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to crypts.
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cryptanalysis (?), n. 1. the science which studies methods to discovering the secret meaning of encrypted messages for which one does not possess the secret decoding information (called the ).
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2. the methods and procedures used to discover the secret meaning hidden in encrypted messages.
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{ Cryptic (krĭptĭk), Cryptical (-t?-kal), } a. [L. crypticus, Gr. kryptikos, fr. kryptein to hide.] Hidden; secret; occult. “Her [nature's] more cryptic ways of working.” Glanvill.
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2. incomprehensible to those not familiar with the culture or jargon; as, the new insurance policy is written without cryptic or mysterious terms.
Syn. -- inscrutable, mysterious, mystifying.
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3. having a secret or hidden meaning; as, cryptic symbols engraved in stone; cryptic writings.
Syn. -- cabalistic, occult, secret, sibylline.
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3. having a puzzling terseness; as, a cryptic note.
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4. not evident; unrecognized; as, a cryptic infection.
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5. written in a code or cipher; as, a cryptic message.
Syn. -- encoded, enciphered, encrypted.
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Cryptically, adv. Secretly; occultly; in a manner so as to hide or obscure meaning.
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Cryptidine (kr?pt?-d?n; 104), n. [Gr. kryptos hidden.] (Chem.) One of the quinoline bases, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H11N; also, any one of several substances metameric with, and resembling, cryptidine proper.
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Cryptobranchiata (kr?pt?-bra?k?-?t?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. kryptos hidden + L. branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.) (a) A division of the Amphibia; the Derotremata. (b) A group of nudibranch mollusks.
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Cryptobranchiate (-br??k?-?t), a. (Zoöl.) Having concealed or rudimentary gills.
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Cryptocercus n. a genus of cockroaches.
Syn. -- genus Cryptocercus.
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cryptocoryne n. any plant of the genus Cryptocoryne; evergreen perennials growing in fresh or brackish water; tropical Asia.
Syn. -- water trumpet.
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Cryptocrystalline (-kr?stal-l?n), a. [Gr. kryptos hidden + E. crystalline.] (Geol.) Indistinctly crystalline; -- applied to rocks and minerals, whose state of aggregation is so fine that no distinct particles are visible, even under the microscope.
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Cryptogam (kr?pt?-g?m), n. [Cf. F. cryptogame. See .] (Bot.) A plant belonging to the Cryptogamia. Henslow.
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Cryptogamia (kr?pt?-g?m?-?), n.; pl. Cryptogamiæ (-�). [NL., fr. Gr. kryptos hidden, secret + gamos marriage.] (Bot.) The series or division of flowerless plants, or those never having true stamens and pistils, but propagated by spores of various kinds.
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☞ The subdivisions have been variously arranged. The following arrangement recognizes four classes: --
I. , or . These include Ferns, Equiseta or Scouring rushes, Lycopodiaceæ or Club mosses, Selaginelleæ, and several other smaller orders. Here belonged also the extinct coal plants called Lepidodendron, Sigillaria, and Calamites.
II. , or . These include Musci, or Mosses, Hepaticæ, or Scale mosses and Liverworts, and possibly Characeæ, the Stoneworts.
III. , which are divided into , the Red Seaweeds, and the orders Dictyoteæ, Oösporeæ, Zoösporeæ, Conjugatæ, Diatomaceæ, and Cryptophyceæ.
IV. . The molds, mildews, mushrooms, puffballs, etc., which are variously grouped into several subclasses and many orders. The Lichenes or Lichens are now considered to be of a mixed nature, each plant partly a Fungus and partly an Alga.
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{ Cryptogamian (kr?pt?-g?m?-�n), Cryptogamic (kr?pt?-g?m?k), Cryptogamous (#) } a. Of or pertaining to the series Cryptogamia, or to plants of that series.
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Cryptogamist (-m?st), n. One skilled in cryptogamic botany.
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Cryptogram (kr?pt?-gr?m), n. A cipher writing. Same as .
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Cryptogramma n. a genus sometimes placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae.
Syn. -- genus Cryptogramma.
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Cryptogrammataceae n. one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems.
Syn. -- family Cryptogrammataceae.
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Cryptograph (-gr?f), n. [Gr. kryptos hidden + -graph: cf. F. cryptographe.] Cipher; something written in cipher. “Decipherers of cryptograph.” J. Earle.
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Cryptographal (kr?p-t?gr?-fal), a. Pertaining to cryptography; cryptographical. Boyle.
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cryptographer (kr?p-t?gr?-f?r), n. 1. One who writes in cipher, or secret characters.
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2. one who studies methods for encoding and decoding messages; one who studies cryptography.
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{ Cryptographic (kr?pt?-gr?f?k), Cryptographical (kr?pt?-gr?f?-kal), } a. Relating to cryptography; written in secret characters or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink.
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Cryptographist (kr?p-t?gr?-f?st), n. Same as .
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Cryptography (-f?), n. [Cf. F. cryptographie.] 1. The act or art of writing in code or secret characters; also, secret characters, codes or ciphers, or messages written in a secret code.
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2. The science which studies methods for encoding messages so that they can be read only by a person who knows the secret information required for decoding, called the key; it includes , the science of decoding encrypted messages without possessing the proper key, and has several other branches; see for example .
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Cryptology (kr?p-t?l?-j?), n. [Gr. kryptos hidden + -logy.] Secret or enigmatical language. Johnson.
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Cryptonym (kr?pt?-n?m), n. [Gr. �� secret + �� name.] A secret name; a name by which a person is known only to the initiated.
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Cryptopine (kr?pt?-p?n; 104), n. [Gr. kryptos hidden + E. opium.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline alkaloid obtained in small quantities from opium.
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Crypturi (krĭptūrī), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. kryptos hidden + o'yra tail.] (Zoöl.) An order of flying, dromæognathous birds, including the tinamous of South America. See .
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Crystal (krĭst�l), n. [OE. cristal, F. cristal, L. crystallum crystal, ice, fr. Gr. krystallos, fr. kryos icy cold, frost; cf. AS. crystalla, fr. L. crystallum; prob. akin to E. crust. See , .] 1. (Chem. & Min.) The regular form which a substance tends to assume in solidifying, through the inherent power of cohesive attraction. It is bounded by plane surfaces, symmetrically arranged, and each species of crystal has fixed axial ratios. See .
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2. The material of quartz, in crystallization transparent or nearly so, and either colorless or slightly tinged with gray, or the like; -- called also rock crystal. Ornamental vessels are made of it. Cf. , ; also Brazilian pebble, under .
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3. A species of glass, more perfect in its composition and manufacture than common glass, and often cut into ornamental forms. See .
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4. The glass over the dial of a watch case.
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5. Anything resembling crystal, as clear water, etc.
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The blue crystal of the seas. Byron.
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Coloq. Blood crystal . See under . -- Coloq. Compound crystal . See under . -- Coloq. Iceland crystal , a transparent variety of calcite, or crystallized calcium carbonate, brought from Iceland, and used in certain optical instruments, as the polariscope. -- Coloq. Rock crystal , or Coloq. Mountain crystal , any transparent crystal of quartz, particularly of limpid or colorless quartz.
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Crystal, a. Consisting of, or like, crystal; clear; transparent; lucid; pellucid; crystalline.
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Through crystal walls each little mote will peep. Shak.
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By crystal streams that murmur through the meads. Dryden.
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The crystal pellets at the touch congeal,
And from the ground rebounds the ratting hail. H. Brooks.
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Crystallin (-l?n), n. (Physiol. Chem.) See .
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Crystalline (kr?stal-l?n or -l?n; 277), a. [L. crystallinus, from Gr. ��: cf. F. cristallin. See .] 1. Consisting, or made, of crystal.
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Mount, eagle, to my palace crystalline. Shak.
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2. Formed by crystallization; like crystal in texture.
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Their crystalline structure. Whewell.
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3. Imperfectly crystallized; as, granite is only crystalline, while quartz crystal is perfectly crystallized.
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4. Fig.: Resembling crystal; pure; transparent; pellucid. “The crystalline sky.” Milton.
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Coloq. Crystalline heavens , or Coloq. Crystalline spheres , in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy, two transparent spheres imagined to exist between the region of the fixed stars and the primum mobile (or outer circle of the heavens, which by its motion was supposed to carry round all those within it), in order to explain certain movements of the heavenly bodies. -- Coloq. Crystalline lens (Anat.), the capsular lenslike body in the eye, serving to focus the rays of light. It consists of rodlike cells derived from the external embryonic epithelium.
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Crystalline, n. 1. A crystalline substance.
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2. See . [Obs.]
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Crystallite (kr?stal-l?t), n. [See .] (Min.) A minute mineral form like those common in glassy volcanic rocks and some slags, not having a definite crystalline outline and not referable to any mineral species, but marking the first step in the crystallization process. According to their form crystallites are called trichites, belonites, globulites, etc.
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