Dhoorra - Dialectic

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Dhoorra, Dhourra, or Dhurra (�), n. Indian millet. See .
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Dhow (?), n. [Ar. dāo?] A coasting vessel of Arabia, East Africa, and the Indian Ocean. It has generally but one mast and a lateen sail. [Also written dow.]
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Di- (?). [Gr. dis- twice; akin to � two, L. bis twice. See , and cf. , . The L. pref. dis- sometimes assumes the form di-. See .] A prefix, signifying twofold, double, twice; (Chem.) denoting two atoms, radicals, groups, or equivalents, as the case may be. See , 2.

{ Dia- (?), Di- }. [Gr. dia through; orig., dividing into two parts; akin to � two. See , and cf. 1st .] A prefix denoting through; also, between, apart, asunder, across. Before a vowel dia- becomes di-; as, diactinic; dielectric, etc.
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Diabase (?), n. [F. diabase, fr. Gr. � a crossing or passing over, fr. �; � + � to go; -- so called by Brongniart, because it passes over to diorite.] (Min.) A basic, dark-colored, holocrystalline, igneous rock, consisting essentially of a triclinic feldspar and pyroxene with magnetic iron; -- often limited to rocks pretertiary in age. It includes part of what was early called greenstone.
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Diabaterial (?), a. [Gr. � � (sc. �) offerings before crossing the border, fr. � to pass over. See .] Passing over the borders. [R.] Mitford.
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diabatic adj. (Physics) involving a transfer of heat. a diabatic process adiabatic
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diabetes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. �, fr. � to pass or cross over. See .] (Med.) Any of several diseases which is attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of urine; when used without qualification, the term usually refers to diabetes mellitus. The most common form is diabetes mellitus, in which the urine is not only increased in quantity, but contains saccharine matter, and the condition if untreated is generally fatal.
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☞ The two major subtypes recognized are Coloq. diabetes insipidus and Coloq. diabetes mellitus . In diabetes insipidus there is excretion of large amounts of urine of relatively low density, accompanied by extreme thirst, but the urine contains no abnormal constituent. The more serious form diabetes mellitus (from Latin mellitus, sweetened with honey) is a metabolic disease in which the utilization of carbohydrate is reduced and that of lipids and proteins is increased. This form is caused by a deficiency in insulin (which is mostly formed in the pancreas), and may be accompanied by glucosuria, hyperglycemia, elecrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, and sometimes coma. It has severe long-term effects, including damage to the nerves, the retina, and the kidney, and degeneration of blood vessels which may lead to poor circulation, especially in the limbs, subsequent infection, and eventual loss of limbs.
Diabetes mellitus itself has recognized variants, being divided into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also called adult-onset diabetes (abbreviated NIDDM), and is the less severe form of diabetes mellitus, occurring mostly in obese individuals over the age of 35. It may be treated by diet and oral hypoglycemic agents, though occasionally serious degenerative effects may develop. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (abbreviated IDDM), also called type I diabetes, is a severe form of the disease, usually starting when the affected person is young (hence also called juvenile-onset diabetes). In addition to the increased urine (polyuria) common to all forms of diabetes, this form is characterized by low levels of insulin in the blood, ketoacidosis, increased appetite, and increased fluid intake, and may lead to weight loss and eventually the severe degenerative effects mentioned above. Treatment requires administration of insulin and careful regulation of the diet. Stedman
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Coloq. Diabetes mellitus [NL., sweet diabetes], that form of diabetes in which the urine contains saccharine matter. -- Coloq. Diabetes insipidus [NL., lit., diabetes], the form of diabetes in which the urine contains no abnormal constituent.

{ Diabetic (?), Diabetical (?), } a. Pertaining to diabetes; as, diabetic or diabetical treatment. Quian.
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Coloq. Diabetic sugar . (Chem.) Same as .

{ Diablerie (?), Diabley (?), } n. [F. diablerie, fr. diable devil, L. diabolus. See .] Devilry; sorcery or incantation; a diabolical deed; mischief.

{ Diabolic (?), Diabolical (?), } a. [L. diabolicus, Gr. � devilish, slanderous: cf. F. diabolique. See .] 1. Pertaining to the devil; resembling, or appropriate, or appropriate to, the devil; befitting hell or satan; devilish; infernal; impious; as, a diabolic or diabolical temper or act; the diabolical expression on his face; fires lit up a diabolic scene. “Diabolic power.” Milton. “The diabolical institution.” Motley.
Syn. -- devilish, mephistophelian, mephistophelean.
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2. showing a wicked cunning or ingenuity; as, the cold calculation and diabolic art of some statesmen.
Syn. -- devilish, mephistophelian, mephistophelean.
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3. extremely evil or cruel; atrocious; outrageously wicked; as, diabolical sorcerers under the influence of devils; diabolical torturers taking pleasure in their craft.
Syn. -- demonic, fiendish, hellish, infernal, nefarious, satanic.
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-- Diabolically, adv. -- Diabolicalness, n.

Diabolify (?), v. t. [L. diabolus devil + -fy.] To ascribed diabolical qualities to; to change into, or to represent as, a devil. [R.] Farindon.
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Diabolism (?), n. 1. Character, action, or principles appropriate to the devil.
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2. Possession by the devil. Bp. Warburton.
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Diabolize (?), v. t. To render diabolical. [R.]
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Diabolo (dĭăb�lō), n. An old game or sport (revived under this name) consisting in whirling on a string, fastened to two sticks, a small somewhat spool-shaped object (called the diabolo) so as to balance it on a string, toss it in the air and catch it, etc.
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Diacatholicon (?), n. [Pref. dia- + catholicon.] (Med.) A universal remedy; -- a name formerly given to a purgative electuary.
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Diacaustic (?), a. [Pref. dia- + caustic.] (Opt.) Pertaining to, or possessing the properties of, a species of caustic curves formed by refraction. See Caustic surface, under .
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Diacaustic, n. 1. (Med.) That which burns by refraction, as a double convex lens, or the sun's rays concentrated by such a lens, sometimes used as a cautery.
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2. (Math.) A curved formed by the consecutive intersections of rays of light refracted through a lens.

{ Diachylon (?), Diachylum (?), } n. [NL. diachylum, fr. Gr. � very juicy; dia thoroughly + � juice.] (Med. & Chem.) A plaster originally composed of the juices of several plants (whence its name), but now made of an oxide of lead and oil, and consisting essentially of glycerin mixed with lead salts of the fat acids.
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Diacid (?), a. [Pref. di- + acid.] (Chem.) Divalent; -- said of a base or radical as capable of saturating two acid monad radicals or a dibasic acid. Cf. , a., and .
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Diacodium (?), n. [L., from Gr. � � from poppy heads; dia through, from + � head, a poppy head.] A sirup made of poppies.
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Diaconal (?), a. [LL. diaconalis: cf. F. diaconal. Cf. .] Of or pertaining to a deacon.
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Diaconate (?), n. [L. diaconatus: cf. F. diaconat.] The office of a deacon; deaconship; also, a body or board of deacons.
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Diaconate, a. Governed by deacons. “Diaconate church.” T. Goodwin.
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Diacope (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. � a cutting in two; dia through + �.] (Gram.) Tmesis.
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Diacoustic (?), a. [Pref. di- + acoustic.] Pertaining to the science or doctrine of refracted sounds.
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Diacoustics (?), n. [Cf. F. diacoustique.] That branch of natural philosophy which treats of the properties of sound as affected by passing through different mediums; -- called also diaphonics. See the Note under .

{ Diacritic (?), Diacritical (?), } a. [Gr. �, fr. � to separate, distinguish; dia through + � to separate. See .] That separates or distinguishes; -- applied to points or marks used to distinguish letters of similar form, or different sounds of the same letter, as, ā, ă, ä, ō, ŏ, etc. “Diacritical points.” Sir W. Jones.
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A glance at this typography will reveal great difficulties, which diacritical marks necessarily throw in the way of both printer and writer. A. J. Ellis.
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Diactinic (?), a. [Pref. di- + actinic.] (Physics) Capable of transmitting the chemical or actinic rays of light; as, diactinic media.
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Diadelphia (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. di- = dis- twice + � brother.] (Bot.) A Linnæan class of plants whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles by their filaments.

{ Diadelphian (?), Diadelphous (?), } a. [Cf. F. diadelphe.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the class Diadelphia; having the stamens united into two bodies by their filaments (said of a plant or flower); grouped into two bundles or sets by coalescence of the filaments (said of stamens).
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Diadem (?), n. [F. diadème, L. diadema, fr. Gr. �, fr. � to bind round; dia through, across + � to bind; cf. Skr. dā to bind.] 1. Originally, an ornamental head band or fillet, worn by Eastern monarchs as a badge of royalty; hence (later), also, a crown, in general. “The regal diadem.” Milton.
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2. Regal power; sovereignty; empire; -- considered as symbolized by the crown.
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3. (Her.) An arch rising from the rim of a crown (rarely also of a coronet), and uniting with others over its center.
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Coloq. Diadem lemur . (Zoöl.) See . -- Coloq. Diadem spider (Zoöl.), the garden spider.
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Diadem, v. t. To adorn with a diadem; to crown.
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Not so, when diadem'd with rays divine. Pope.
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To terminate the evil,
To diadem the right. R. H. Neale.
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Diadrom (?), n. [Gr. � a running through; dia through + �, used as inf. aor. of � to run.] A complete course or vibration; time of vibration, as of a pendulum. [Obs.] Locke.

{ Diæresis, Dieresis } (?; 277), n.; pl. Diæreses or Diereses (#). [L. diaeresis, Gr. �, fr. � to divide; dia through, asunder + � to take. See .] 1. (Gram.) The separation or resolution of one syllable into two; -- the opposite of synæresis.
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2. A mark consisting of two dots [¨], placed over the second of two adjacent vowels, to denote that they are to be pronounced as distinct letters; as, coöperate, aërial.
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Diæretic (?), a. [Gr. � dividing.] (Med.) Caustic. [Obs.]
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Diageotropic (?), a. [Gr. dia through, at variance + � earth + � turning.] (Bot.) Relating to, or exhibiting, diageotropism.
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Diageotropism (?), n. (Bot.) The tendency of organs (as roots) of plants to assume a position oblique or transverse to a direction towards the center of the earth.
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Diaglyph (?), n. [Gr. � to engrave; dia through + � to carve.] An intaglio. Mollett.

{ Diaglyphic (?), Diaglyphtic (?), } a. Represented or formed by depressions in the general surface; as, diaglyphic sculpture or engraving; -- opposed to anaglyphic.
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Diagnose (?), v. t. & i. To ascertain by diagnosis; to diagnosticate. See .
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diagnosing n. the act or process of identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon.
Syn. -- diagnosis.
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Diagnosis (?), n.; pl. Diagnoses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. �, fr. � to distinguish; dia through, asunder + � to know. See .] 1. (Med.) The art or act of recognizing the presence of disease from its signs or symptoms, and deciding as to its character; also, the decision arrived at.
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2. Hence, the act or process of identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon, especially the abnormal behavior of an animal or artifactual device; as, diagnosis of a vibration in an automobile; diagnosis of the failure of a sales campaign; diagnosis of a computer malfunction.
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3. Scientific determination of any kind; the concise description of characterization of a species.
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4. Critical perception or scrutiny; judgment based on such scrutiny; esp., perception of, or judgment concerning, motives and character.
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The quick eye for effects, the clear diagnosis of men's minds, and the love of epigram. Compton Reade.
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My diagnosis of his character proved correct. J. Payn.
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Coloq. Differential diagnosis (Med.), the determination of the distinguishing characteristics as between two similar diseases or conditions.
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Diagnostic (?), a. [Gr. � able to distinguish, fr. �: cf. F. diagnostique.] Pertaining to, or furnishing, a diagnosis; indicating the nature of a disease.
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Diagnostic, n. The mark or symptom by which one disease is known or distinguished from others.
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Diagnosticate (?), v. t. & i. [From .] To make a diagnosis of; to recognize by its symptoms, as a disease.
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Diagnostics (?), n. That part of medicine which has to do with ascertaining the nature of diseases by means of their symptoms or signs.
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His rare skill in diagnostics. Macaulay.
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Diagometer (?), n. [Gr. � to transmit + -meter.] A sort of electroscope, invented by Rousseau, in which the dry pile is employed to measure the amount of electricity transmitted by different bodies, or to determine their conducting power. Nichol.
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Diagonal (?), a. [L. diagonalis, fr. Gr. � from to angle; dia through + � an angle; perh. akin to E. knee: cf. F. diagonal.] (Geom.) Joining two not adjacent angles of a quadrilateral or multilateral figure; running across from corner to corner; crossing at an angle with one of the sides.
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Coloq. Diagonal bond (Masonry), herringbone work. See , a. -- Coloq. Diagonal built (Shipbuilding), built by forming the outer skin of two layers of planking, making angles of about 45° with the keel, in opposite directions. -- Coloq. Diagonal cleavage . See under . -- Coloq. Diagonal molding (Arch.), a chevron or zigzag molding. -- Coloq. Diagonal rib . (Arch.) See . -- Coloq. Diagonal scale , a scale which consists of a set of parallel lines, with other lines crossing them obliquely, so that their intersections furnish smaller subdivisions of the unit of measure than could be conveniently marked on a plain scale. -- Coloq. Diagonal stratification . (Geol.) Same as Cross bedding, under , a.
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Diagonal (?), n. 1. A right line drawn from one angle to another not adjacent, of a figure of four or more sides, and dividing it into two parts.
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2. (Engin.) A member, in a framed structure, running obliquely across a panel.
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3. A diagonal cloth; a kind of cloth having diagonal stripes, ridges, or welts made in the weaving.
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diagonalizable adj. (Math.) able to be diagonalized; -- of a matrix.
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diagonalize v. t. (Math.) to transform a matrix to a diagonal matrix.
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Diagonally, adv. In a diagonal direction.
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Diagonial (?), a. Diagonal; diametrical; hence; diametrically opposed. [Obs.]
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Sin can have no tenure by law at all, but is rather an eternal outlaw, and in hostility with law past all atonement; both diagonal contraries, as much allowing one another as day and night together in one hemisphere. Milton.
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Diagram (?), n. [Gr. �, fr. � to mark out by lines; dia through + � to draw, write: cf. F. diagramme. See .] 1. (Geom.) A figure or drawing made to illustrate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration; a plan.
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2. Any simple drawing made for mathematical or scientific purposes, or to assist a verbal explanation which refers to it; a mechanical drawing, as distinguished from an artistical one.
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Coloq. Indicator diagram . (Steam Engine) See Indicator card, under
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Diagram, v. t. To put into the form of a diagram.
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Diagrammatic (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a diagram; showing by diagram. -- Diagrammaticly (#), adv.
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Diagraph (?), n. [Gr. � to draw: cf. F. diagraphe. See .] A drawing instrument, combining a protractor and scale.

{ Diagraphic (?), Diagraphical (?), } a. [Cf. F. diagraphique.] Descriptive.
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Diagraphics (?), n. The art or science of descriptive drawing; especially, the art or science of drawing by mechanical appliances and mathematical rule.
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Diaheliotropic (?), a. [Gr. � through, at variance + � sun + � turning.] (Bot.) Relating or, or manifesting, diaheliotropism.
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Diaheliotropism (?), n. (Bot.) A tendency of leaves or other organs of plants to have their dorsal surface faced towards the rays of light.
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Dial (?), n. [LL. dialis daily, fr. L. dies day. See .] 1. An instrument, formerly much used for showing the time of day from the shadow of a style or gnomon on a graduated arc or surface; esp., a sundial; but there are lunar and astral dials. The style or gnomon is usually parallel to the earth's axis, but the dial plate may be either horizontal or vertical.
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2. The graduated face of a timepiece, on which the time of day is shown by pointers or hands.
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3. A miner's compass.
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Coloq. Dial bird (Zoöl.), an Indian bird (Copsychus saularius), allied to the European robin. The name is also given to other related species. -- Coloq. Dial lock , a lock provided with one or more plates having numbers or letters upon them. These plates must be adjusted in a certain determined way before the lock can be operated. -- Coloq. Dial plate , the plane or disk of a dial or timepiece on which lines and figures for indicating the time are placed.
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Dial, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Dialed (?) or Dialled; p. pr. & vb. n. Dialing or Dialling.] 1. To measure with a dial.
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Hours of that true time which is dialed in heaven. Talfourd.
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2. (Mining) To survey with a dial. Raymond.
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Dialect (?), n. [F. dialecte, L. dialectus, fr. Gr. �, fr. � to converse, discourse. See .] 1. Means or mode of expressing thoughts; language; tongue; form of speech.
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This book is writ in such a dialect
As may the minds of listless men affect.
Bunyan.
The universal dialect of the world. South.
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2. The form of speech of a limited region or people, as distinguished from ether forms nearly related to it; a variety or subdivision of a language; speech characterized by local peculiarities or specific circumstances; as, the Ionic and Attic were dialects of Greece; the Yorkshire dialect; the dialect of the learned.
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In the midst of this Babel of dialects there suddenly appeared a standard English language. Earle.
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[Charles V.] could address his subjects from every quarter in their native dialect. Prescott.

Syn. -- Language; idiom; tongue; speech; phraseology. See , and .
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Dialectal (?), a. Relating to a dialect; dialectical; as, a dialectical variant.
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Dialectic (?), n. Same as .
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Plato placed his dialectic above all sciences. Liddell & Scott.

{ Dialectic (?), Dialectical (?), } a. [L. dialecticus, Gr. �: cf. F. dialectique. See .] 1. Pertaining to dialectics; logical; argumental.
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2. Pertaining to a dialect or to dialects. Earle.
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