Echinodermatous - economy

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☞ The species usually have an exterior calcareous skeleton, or shell, made of many pieces, and often covered with spines, to which the name. They may be star-shaped, cylindrical, disk-shaped, or more or less spherical. The body consists of several similar parts (spheromeres) repeated symmetrically around a central axis, at one end of which the mouth is situated. They generally have suckers for locomotion. The group includes the following classes: Crinoidea, Asterioidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothurioidea. See these words in the Vocabulary, and also .
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Echinodermatous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Relating to Echinodermata; echinodermal.
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Echinoid (?), a. [Echinus + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Echinoidea. -- n. One of the Echinoidea.
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Echinoidea (?), n. pl. [NL. See , and .] (Zoöl.) The class Echinodermata which includes the sea urchins. They have a calcareous shell, usually more or less spheroidal or disk-shaped, composed of many united plates, and covered with movable spines. See , . [Written also Echinidea, and Echinoida.]
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Echinozoa (�kīn�zōȧ), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. 'echi^nos an echinus + zw^,on an animal.] (Zoöl.) The Echinodermata.
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Echinulate (?), a. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Set with small spines or prickles.
Syn. -- echinate. [ Webster]

Echinus (?), n.; pl. Echini (#). [L., a hedgehog, sea urchin, Gr. 'echi^nos.] 1. (Zoöl.) A hedgehog.
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2. (Zoöl.) A genus of echinoderms, including the common edible sea urchin of Europe.
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3. (Arch.) (a) The rounded molding forming the bell of the capital of the Grecian Doric style, which is of a peculiar elastic curve. See . (b) The quarter-round molding (ovolo) of the Roman Doric style. See Illust. of (c) A name sometimes given to the egg and anchor or egg and dart molding, because that ornament is often identified with the Roman Doric capital. The name probably alludes to the shape of the shell of the sea urchin.
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Echiuroidea (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. echiurus, the name of one genus (Gr. 'echis an adder + o'yra tail) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) A division of Annelida which includes the genus Echiurus and allies. They are often classed among the Gephyrea, and called the armed Gephyreans.
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Echo (ĕk�), n.; pl. Echoes (ĕkōz). [L. echo, Gr. 'hchw echo, sound, akin to 'hchh, 'h^chos, sound, noise; cf. Skr. vāç to sound, bellow; perh. akin to E. voice: cf. F. écho.] 1. A sound reflected from an opposing surface and repeated to the ear of a listener; repercussion of sound; repetition of a sound.
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The babbling echo mocks the hounds. Shak.
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The woods shall answer, and the echo ring. Pope.
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2. Fig.: Sympathetic recognition; response; answer.
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Fame is the echo of actions, resounding them. Fuller.
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Many kind, and sincere speeches found an echo in his heart. R. L. Stevenson.
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3. (a) (Myth. & Poetic) A wood or mountain nymph, regarded as repeating, and causing the reverberation of them.
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Sweet Echo, sweetest nymph, that liv'st unseen
Within thy airy shell. Milton.

(b) (Gr. Myth.) A nymph, the daughter of Air and Earth, who, for love of Narcissus, pined away until nothing was left of her but her voice.
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Compelled me to awake the courteous Echo
To give me answer from her mossy couch. Milton.
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4. (Whist, Contract Bridge) (a) A signal, played in the same manner as a trump signal, made by a player who holds four or more trumps (or as played by some exactly three trumps) and whose partner has led trumps or signaled for trumps. (b) A signal showing the number held of a plain suit when a high card in that suit is led by one's partner.
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Coloq. Echo organ (Mus.), a set organ pipes inclosed in a box so as to produce a soft, distant effect; -- generally superseded by the swell. -- Coloq. Echo stop (Mus.), a stop upon a harpsichord contrived for producing the soft effect of distant sound. -- Coloq. To applaud to the echo , to give loud and continuous applause. M. Arnold.
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I would applaud thee to the very echo,
That should applaud again. Shak.
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Echo, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Echoed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Echoing. -- 3d pers. sing. pres. Echoes (�).] 1. To send back (a sound); to repeat in sound; to reverberate.
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Those peals are echoed by the Trojan throng. Dryden.
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The wondrous sound
Is echoed on forever. Keble.
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2. To repeat with assent; to respond; to adopt.
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They would have echoed the praises of the men whom they envied, and then have sent to the newspaper anonymous libels upon them. Macaulay.
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Echo, v. i. To give an echo; to resound; to be sounded back; as, the hall echoed with acclamations. “Echoing noise.” Blackmore.
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Echoer (?), n. One who, or that which, echoes.
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echo chamber (?), n. (Music, broadcasting) A room with walls that resonate sound, producing audible echoes; it is used especially to create special sound effects in recording music.
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echoic adj. 1. (linguistics) Formed in imitation of a natural sound; -- of words. Contrasted to nonechoic.
Syn. -- imitative, onomatopoeic, onomatopoeical, onomatopoetic.
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2. Like or characteristic of an echo.
Syn. -- echolike.
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echoing adj. Reflecting sounds so as to create multiple echoes; as, a hotel with echoing halls.
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Echoless, a. Without echo or response.
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Echometer (?), n. [Gr. �, �, sound + -meter: cf. F. échomètre.] (Mus) A graduated scale for measuring the duration of sounds, and determining their different, and the relation of their intervals. J. J. Rousseau.
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Echometry (?), n. [Cf. F. échométrie.] 1. The art of measuring the duration of sounds or echoes.
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2. The art of constructing vaults to produce echoes.

{ Echon (?), Echoon (?) }, pron. Each one. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Echopathy (?), n. [Echo + -pathy, as in homeopathy.] (Med.) A morbid condition characterized by automatic and purposeless repetition of words or imitation of actions.
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Echoscope (?), n. [Gr. �, �, sound + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for intensifying sounds produced by percussion of the thorax. Knight.
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Éclair (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of frosted cake, containing flavored cream.
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Eclaircise (?), v. t. [F. éclaircir; pref. es- (L. ex) + clair clear, L. clarus.] To make clear; to clear up what is obscure or not understood; to explain.
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Eclaircissement (?), n. [F., fr. éclaircir. See , v. t.] The clearing up of anything which is obscure or not easily understood; an explanation.
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The eclaircissement ended in the discovery of the informer. Clarendon.
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Eclampsia (?), n. [NL., from Gr. � a shining forth, fr. � to shine forth; � out + � to shine.] (Med.) A fancied perception of flashes of light, a symptom of epilepsy; hence, epilepsy itself; convulsions.
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☞ The term is generally restricted to a convulsive affection attending pregnancy and parturition, and to infantile convulsions.
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Eclampsy (?), n. (Med.) Same as .
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Eclat (?), n. [F. éclat a fragment, splinter, explosion, brilliancy, splendor, fr. éclater to splinter, burst, explode, shine brilliantly, prob. of German origin; cf. OHG. sleizan to slit, split, fr. slīzan, G. schleissen; akin to E. slit.] 1. Brilliancy of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown. “The eclat of Homer's battles.” Pope.
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2. Demonstration of admiration and approbation; applause. Prescott.
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Eclectic (?), a. [Gr. �, fr. � to pick out, choose out: cf. F. éclectique. See , and cf. .] 1. Selecting; choosing (what is true or excellent in doctrines, opinions, etc.) from various sources or systems; as, an eclectic philosopher.
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2. Consisting, or made up, of what is chosen or selected; as, an eclectic method; an eclectic magazine.
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Coloq. Eclectic physician , one of a class of practitioners of medicine, who select their modes of practice and medicines from all schools; formerly, sometimes the same as botanic physician. [U.S.] -- Coloq. Eclectic school . (Paint.) See Bolognese school, under .
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Eclectic (?), n. One who follows an eclectic method.
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Eclectically (?), adv. In an eclectic manner; by an eclectic method.
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Eclecticism (?), n. [Cf. F. éclecticisme. Cf. .] Theory or practice of an eclectic.
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Eclegm (?), n. [F. éclegme, L. ecligma, fr. Gr. �, fr. � to lick up.] (Med.) A medicine made by mixing oils with sirups. John Quincy.
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Eclipse (�klĭps), n. [F. éclipse, L. eclipsis, fr. Gr. 'ekleipsis, prop., a forsaking, failing, fr. 'ekleipein to leave out, forsake; 'ek out + leipein to leave. See , and .] 1. (Astron.) An interception or obscuration of the light of the sun, moon, or other luminous body, by the intervention of some other body, either between it and the eye, or between the luminous body and that illuminated by it. A lunar eclipse is caused by the moon passing through the earth's shadow; a solar eclipse, by the moon coming between the sun and the observer. A satellite is eclipsed by entering the shadow of its primary. The obscuration of a planet or star by the moon or a planet, though of the nature of an eclipse, is called an occultation. The eclipse of a small portion of the sun by Mercury or Venus is called a transit of the planet.
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☞ In ancient times, eclipses were, and among unenlightened people they still are, superstitiously regarded as forerunners of evil fortune, a sentiment of which occasional use is made in literature.
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That fatal and perfidious bark,
Built in the eclipse, and rigged with curses dark. Milton.
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2. The loss, usually temporary or partial, of light, brilliancy, luster, honor, consciousness, etc.; obscuration; gloom; darkness.
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All the posterity of our fist parents suffered a perpetual eclipse of spiritual life. Sir W. Raleigh.
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As in the soft and sweet eclipse,
When soul meets soul on lovers' lips. Shelley.
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Coloq. Annular eclipse . (Astron.) See under . -- Coloq. Cycle of eclipses . See under .
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Eclipse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Eclipsed (�klĭpst); p. pr. & vb. n. Eclipsing.] 1. To cause the obscuration of; to darken or hide; -- said of a heavenly body; as, the moon eclipses the sun.
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2. To obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, honor, etc., of; to sully; to cloud; to throw into the shade by surpassing. “His eclipsed state.” Dryden.
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My joy of liberty is half eclipsed. Shak.
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Eclipse, v. i. To suffer an eclipse.
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While the laboring moon
Eclipses at their charms. Milton.
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eclipsis n. (Linguistics) the omission or suppression of parts of words or sentences.
Syn. -- ellipsis.
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ecliptic (�klĭptĭk), n. [Cf. F. écliptique, L. linea ecliptica, Gr. 'ekleiptikos, prop. adj., of an eclipse, because in this circle eclipses of the sun and moon take place. See , a.] 1. (Astron.) A great circle of the celestial sphere, making an angle with the equinoctial of about 23° 28'. It is the apparent path of the sun, or the real path of the earth as seen from the sun.
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2. (Geog.) A great circle drawn on a terrestrial globe, making an angle of 23° 28' with the equator; -- used for illustrating and solving astronomical problems.
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Ecliptic, a. [L. eclipticus belonging to an eclipse, Gr. 'ekleiptikos. See .] 1. Pertaining to the ecliptic; as, the ecliptic way.
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2. Pertaining to an eclipse or to eclipses.
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Coloq. Lunar ecliptic limit (Astron.), the space of 12° on the moon's orbit from the node, within which, if the moon happens to be at full, it will be eclipsed. -- Coloq. Solar ecliptic limit , the space of 17° from the lunar node, within which, if a conjunction of the sun and moon occur, the sun will be eclipsed.
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Eclogite (?), n. [See .] (Min.) A rock consisting of granular red garnet, light green smaragdite, and common hornblende; -- so called in reference to its beauty.
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Eclogue (?), n. [L. ecloga, Gr. � a selection, choice extracts, fr. � to pick out, choose out; 'ek out + � to gather, choose: cf. F. égloque, écloque. See , and .] A pastoral poem, in which shepherds are introduced conversing with each other; a bucolic; an idyl; as, the Ecloques of Virgil, from which the modern usage of the word has been established.

ecobabble n. using the technical language of ecology to make the user seem ecologically aware.
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ecological (�k�lŏjĭk�l), adj. of or pertaining to ecology; as, an ecological disaster.
Syn. -- bionomic, bionomical.
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ecologist (�kŏl�jĭst), n. a biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment.
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ecology (�kŏl�j�), n. [Gr. o'i^kos house + -logy.] (Biol.) the branch of biology concerned with the various relations of animals and plants to one another and to their surrounding environment.
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econometric adj. of or pertaining to econometrics; as, econometric theories.
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econometrician n. an economist who uses statistical and mathematical methods.
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econometrics (�kŏn�mĕtrĭks), n. the application of mathematics and statistics to the study of economic and financial data.
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{ Economic (?; 277), Economical (?), } a. [F. économique, L. oeconomicus orderly, methodical, Gr. � economical. See .] 1. Pertaining to the household; domestic. “In this economical misfortune [of ill-assorted matrimony.]” Milton.
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2. Relating to domestic economy, or to the management of household affairs.
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And doth employ her economic art
And busy care, her household to preserve. Sir J. Davies.
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3. Managing with frugality; guarding against waste or unnecessary expense; careful and frugal in management and in expenditure; -- said of character or habits.
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Just rich enough, with economic care,
To save a pittance. Harte.
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4. Managed with frugality; not marked with waste or extravagance; using the minimum of time or effort or resources required for effectiveness; frugal; -- said of acts; saving; as, an economical use of money or of time; an economic use of home heating oil. [wns=3]
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5. of or pertaining to the national or regional economy; relating to political economy; relating to the means of living, or the resources and wealth of a country; relating to the production or consumption of goods and services of a nation or region; as, economic growth; economic purposes; economical truths; an economic downturn.
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These matters economical and political. J. C. Shairp.
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There was no economical distress in England to prompt the enterprises of colonization. Palfrey.
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Economic questions, such as money, usury, taxes, lands, and the employment of the people. H. C. Baird.
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6. Regulative; relating to the adaptation of means to an end. Grew.
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7. of or pertaining to economics. economic theory
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8. profitable. Opposite of uneconomic. [wns=4]
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9. avoiding waste; as, an economical meal. Opposite of wasteful.
Syn. -- frugal, scotch, sparing, stinting, thrifty.
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☞ Economical is the usual form when meaning frugal, saving; economic is the form commonly used when meaning pertaining to the management of a household, or of public affairs.
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Economically (?), adv. With economy; with careful management; with prudence in expenditure.
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Economics (ēkŏnŏmĭks), n. [Gr. ta o'ikonomika, equiv. to h o'ikonomia. See .] 1. The science of household affairs, or of domestic management.
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2. Political economy; the science of the utilities or the useful application of wealth or material resources; the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services of a nation or region, and its effect on the wealth of a country. See Political economy, under . “In politics and economics.” V. Knox.
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economise v. t. same as .
Syn. -- conserve, husband, economize.
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economiser n. a person who economizes and avoids waste.
Syn. -- economizer.
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Economist (?), n. [Cf. F. économiste.] 1. One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste. “Economists even to parsimony.” Burke.
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2. One who is conversant with political economy; an expert in the field of economics. [wns=1]
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Economization (?), n. The act or practice of using to the best effect. [R.] H. Spenser.
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Economize (�kŏn�mīz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Economized (�kŏn�mīzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Economizing.] [Cf. F. économiser.] To manage with economy; to use with prudence; to expend with frugality; as, to economize one's income. [Written also economise.]
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Expenses in the city were to be economized. Jowett (Thucyd. ).
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Calculating how to economize time. W. Irving.
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Economize, v. i. To be prudently sparing in expenditure; to be frugal and saving; as, to economize in order to grow rich. [Written also economise.] Milton.
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Economizer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, economizes.
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2. Specifically: (Steam Boilers) An arrangement of pipes for heating feed water by waste heat in the gases passing to the chimney.
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economy (�kŏn�m�), n.; pl. Economies (�kŏn�mĭz). [F. économie, L. oeconomia household management, fr. Gr. o'ikonomia, fr. o'ikonomos one managing a household; o'i^kos house (akin to L. vicus village, E. vicinity) + nomos usage, law, rule, fr. nemein to distribute, manage. See , .] 1. The management of domestic affairs; the regulation and government of household matters; especially as they concern expense or disbursement; as, a careful economy.
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Himself busy in charge of the household economies. Froude.
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2. Orderly arrangement and management of the internal affairs of a state or of any establishment kept up by production and consumption; esp., such management as directly concerns wealth; as, political economy.
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3. The system of rules and regulations by which anything is managed; orderly system of regulating the distribution and uses of parts, conceived as the result of wise and economical adaptation in the author, whether human or divine; as, the animal or vegetable economy; the economy of a poem; the Jewish economy.
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The position which they [the verb and adjective] hold in the general economy of language. Earle.
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In the Greek poets, as also in Plautus, we shall see the economy . . . of poems better observed than in Terence. B. Jonson.
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The Jews already had a Sabbath, which, as citizens and subjects of that economy, they were obliged to keep. Paley.
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4. Thrifty and frugal housekeeping; management without loss or waste; frugality in expenditure; prudence and disposition to save; as, a housekeeper accustomed to economy but not to parsimony.
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Coloq. Political economy . See under .

Syn. -- , , . Economy avoids all waste and extravagance, and applies money to the best advantage; frugality cuts off indulgences, and proceeds on a system of saving. The latter conveys the idea of not using or spending superfluously, and is opposed to lavishness or profusion. Frugality is usually applied to matters of consumption, and commonly points to simplicity of manners; parsimony is frugality carried to an extreme, involving meanness of spirit, and a sordid mode of living. Economy is a virtue, and parsimony a vice.
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