Essential - Estoppel

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5. (Mus.) Necessary; indispensable; -- said of those tones which constitute a chord, in distinction from ornamental or passing tones.
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6. (Med.) Idiopathic; independent of other diseases.
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Coloq. Essential character (Biol.), the prominent characteristics which serve to distinguish one genus, species, etc., from another. -- Coloq. Essential disease , Coloq. Essential fever (Med.), one that is not dependent on another. -- Coloq. Essential oils (Chem.), a class of volatile oils, extracted from plants, fruits, or flowers, having each its characteristic odor, and hot burning taste. They are used in essences, perfumery, etc., and include many varieties of compounds; as lemon oil is a terpene, oil of bitter almonds an aldehyde, oil of wintergreen an ethereal salt, etc.; -- called also volatile oils in distinction from the fixed or nonvolatile.
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Essential (ĕssĕnsj�l), n. 1. Existence; being. [Obs.] Milton.
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2. That which is essential; first or constituent principle; as, the essentials of religion.
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Essentiality (?), n. The quality of being essential; the essential part. Jer. Taylor.
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Essentially (?), adv. In an essential manner or degree; in an indispensable degree; really; as, essentially different.
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Essentialness, n. Essentiality. Ld. Digby.
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Essentiate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Essentiated; p. pr. & vb. n. Essentiating.] To form or constitute the essence or being of. [Obs.] Boyle.
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Essentiate, v. i. To become assimilated; to be changed into the essence. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

{ Essoin (?) or Essoign }, n. [OF. essoine, essoigne, F. exoine, L. essonia, exonia; pref. ex- (L. ex from) + sunnis, sunnia, sonia, hindrance, excuse. Cf. Icel. syn refusal, synja to deny, refuse, Goth. sunja truth, sunjōn to justify, OS. sunnea impediment, OHG. sunna.] 1. (Eng. Law) An excuse for not appearing in court at the return of process; the allegation of an excuse to the court.
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2. Excuse; exemption. [Obs.]
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From every work he challenged essoin. Spenser.
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Coloq. Essoin day (Eng. Law), the first general return day of the term, on which the court sits to receive essoins. Blackstone.
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Essoin, v. t. [OF. essoinier, essoignier, essonier, LL. essoniare, exoniare. See , n.] (Eng. Law) To excuse for nonappearance in court. “I 'll not essoin thee.” Quarles.
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Essoiner (?), n. (Eng. Law) An attorney who sufficiently excuses the absence of another.
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Essonite (?), n. [Named from Gr. � inferior, because not so hard as some minerals it resembles, e. g., hyacinth.] (Min.) Cinnamon stone, a variety of garnet. See .
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Essorant (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Standing, but with the wings spread, as if about to fly; -- said of a bird borne as a charge on an escutcheon.
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Est (?), n. & adv. East. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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-est (-ĕst). [AS. -ost, -est; akin to G. -est, -ist, Icel. -astr, -str, Goth. -ists, -ōsts, Skr. -ishṭha.] A suffix used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs; as, smoothest; earl(y)iest.
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Establish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Established (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Establishing.] [OE. establissen, OF. establir, F. établir, fr. L. stabilire, fr. stabilis firm, steady, stable. See , a., , and cf. .] 1. To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm.
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So were the churches established in the faith. Acts xvi. 5.
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The best established tempers can scarcely forbear being borne down. Burke.
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Confidence which must precede union could be established only by consummate prudence and self-control. Bancroft.
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2. To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain.
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By the consent of all, we were established
The people's magistrates. Shak.
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Now, O king, establish the decree, and sign the writing, that it be not changed. Dan. vi. 8.
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3. To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions.
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He hath established it [the earth], he created it not in vain, he formed it to be inhabited. Is. xlv. 18.
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Woe to him that buildeth a town with blood, and establisheth a city by iniquity! Hab. ii. 12.
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4. To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc.
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At the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established. Deut. xix. 15.
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5. To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.
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established adj. 1. brought about or set up or accepted; especially long and widely accepted; as, distrust of established authority; a team established as a member of a major league; enjoyed his prestige as an established writer; an established precedent; the established Church. Contrasted with unestablished. [Narrower terms: entrenched; implanted, planted, rooted; official; recognized]
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2. securely established; as, an established reputation.
Syn. -- firm.
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3. settled securely and unconditionally.
Syn. -- accomplished, effected.
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4. conforming with accepted standards.
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5. shown to be valid beyond a reasonable doubt; as, the established facts in the case.
Syn. -- proved.
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6. (Bot.) introduced from another region and persisting without cultivation; -- of plants.
Syn. -- naturalized.
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Established suit. (Contract bridge, Whist) A plain suit in which a player (or side) could, except for trumping, take tricks with all his remaining cards.
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Establisher (?), n. One who establishes.
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Establishment (?), n. [Cf. OF. establissement, F. établissement.] 1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.
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2. The state of being established, founded, and the like; fixed state.
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3. That which is established; as: (a) A form of government, civil or ecclesiastical; especially, a system of religion maintained by the civil power; as, the Episcopal establishment of England. (b) A permanent civil, military, or commercial, force or organization. (c) The place in which one is permanently fixed for residence or business; residence, including grounds, furniture, equipage, etc.; with which one is fitted out; also, any office or place of business, with its fixtures; that which serves for the carrying on of a business; as, to keep up a large establishment; a manufacturing establishment.
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Exposing the shabby parts of the establishment. W. Irving.
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Coloq. Establishment of the port (Hydrography), a datum on which the tides are computed at the given port, obtained by observation, viz., the interval between the moon's passage over the meridian and the time of high water at the port, on the days of new and full moon.
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establishmentarian (?), n. One who regards the Church primarily as an establishment formed by the State, and overlooks its intrinsic spiritual character. Shipley.
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establishmentarianism (?), n. the doctrine or political position that advocates establishment of a church as the official state religion; -- applied especially to the Church of England..
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Estacade (?), n. [F.; cf. It. steccata, Sp. estacada. Cf. .] (Mil.) A dike of piles in the sea, a river, etc., to check the approach of an enemy.

{ Estafet, Estafette } (?), n. [F. estafette, cf. Sp. estafeta; fr. It. stafetta, fr. staffa stirrup, fr. OHG. stapho footstep, footprint, G. stapfe; akin to E. step.] A courier who conveys messages to another courier; a military courier sent from one part of an army to another.
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Estaminet (?), n. [F.] A café, or room in a café, in which smoking is allowed.
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Estancia (�stȧnth�ȧ), n. [Sp. See .] A grazing farm; a country house. [Spanish America]
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Estate (ĕstāt), n. [OF. estat, F. état, L. status, fr. stare to stand. See , and cf. .] 1. Settled condition or form of existence; state; condition or circumstances of life or of any person; situation. “When I came to man's estate.” Shak.
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Mind not high things, but condescend to men of low estate. Romans xii. 16.
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2. Social standing or rank; quality; dignity.
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God hath imprinted his authority in several parts, upon several estates of men. Jer. Taylor.
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3. A person of high rank. [Obs.]
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She's a duchess, a great estate. Latimer.
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Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Mark vi. 21.
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4. A property which a person possesses; a fortune; possessions, esp. property in land; also, property of all kinds which a person leaves to be divided at his death.
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See what a vast estate he left his son. Dryden.
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5. The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs. [Obs.]
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I call matters of estate not only the parts of sovereignty, but whatsoever . . . concerneth manifestly any great portion of people. Bacon.
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6. pl. The great classes or orders of a community or state (as the clergy, the nobility, and the commonalty of England) or their representatives who administer the government; as, the estates of the realm (England), which are (1) the lords spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, (3) the commons.
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7. (Law) The degree, quality, nature, and extent of one's interest in, or ownership of, lands, tenements, etc.; as, an estate for life, for years, at will, etc. Abbott.
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Coloq. The fourth estate , a name often given to the public press.
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Estate, v. t. 1. To establish. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
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2. Tom settle as a fortune. [Archaic] Shak.
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3. To endow with an estate. [Archaic]
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Then would I . . .
Estate them with large land and territory. Tennyson.

{ Estatlich (?), Estatly (?), } a. [OE.] Stately; dignified. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Esteem (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Esteemed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Esteeming.] [F. estimer, L. aestimare, aestumare, to value, estimate; perh. akin to Skr. ish to seek, strive, and E. ask. Cf. , .] 1. To set a value on; to appreciate the worth of; to estimate; to value; to reckon.
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Then he forsook God, which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. Deut. xxxii. 15.
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Thou shouldst (gentle reader) esteem his censure and authority to be of the more weighty credence. Bp. Gardiner.
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Famous men, -- whose scientific attainments were esteemed hardly less than supernatural. Hawthorne.
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2. To set a high value on; to prize; to regard with reverence, respect, or friendship.
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Will he esteem thy riches? Job xxxvi. 19.
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You talk kindlier: we esteem you for it. Tennyson.

Syn. -- To estimate; appreciate; regard; prize; value; respect; revere. See , .
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Esteem, v. i. To form an estimate; to have regard to the value; to consider. [Obs.]
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We ourselves esteem not of that obedience, or love, or gift, which is of force. Milton.
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Esteem, n. [Cf. F. estime. See , v. t.] 1. Estimation; opinion of merit or value; hence, valuation; reckoning; price.
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Most dear in the esteem
And poor in worth! Shak.
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I will deliver you, in ready coin,
The full and dear'st esteem of what you crave. J. Webster.
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2. High estimation or value; great regard; favorable opinion, founded on supposed worth.
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Nor should thy prowess want praise and esteem. Shak.

Syn. -- See , n.
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Esteemable (?), a. Worthy of esteem; estimable. [R.] “Esteemable qualities.” Pope.
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Esteemer (?), n. One who esteems; one who sets a high value on any thing.
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The proudest esteemer of his own parts. Locke.
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Ester (?), n. [A word invented by L. Gmelin, a German chemist.] (Chem.) An ethereal salt, or compound ether, consisting of an organic radical united with the residue of any oxygen acid, organic or inorganic; thus the natural fats are esters of glycerin and the fatty acids, oleic, etc.
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Esthesiometer (?), n. Same as .

Esthete (?), n.; Esthetic (�), a., Esthetical (�), a., Esthetics (�), n. etc. Same as , , , , etc.
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Estiferous (?), a. [L. aestifer; aestus fire + ferre to bear.] Producing heat. [R.] Smart.
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Estimable (?), a. [F. estimable, or L. aestimabilis. See .] 1. Capable of being estimated or valued; as, estimable damage. Paley. .
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2. Valuable; worth a great price. [R.]
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A pound of man's flesh, taken from a man,
Is not so estimable, profitable neither,
As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats. Shak.
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3. Worth of esteem or respect; deserving our good opinion or regard.
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A lady said of her two companions, that one was more amiable, the other more estimable. Sir W. Temple.
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Estimable (?), n. A thing worthy of regard. [R.]
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One of the peculiar estimables of her country. Sir T. Browne.
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Estimableness, n. The quality of deserving esteem or regard.
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Estimably, adv. In an estimable manner.
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Estimate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estimated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estimating (?).] [L. aestimatus, p. p. of aestimare. See , v. t.] 1. To judge and form an opinion of the value of, from imperfect data, -- either the extrinsic (money), or intrinsic (moral), value; to fix the worth of roughly or in a general way; as, to estimate the value of goods or land; to estimate the worth or talents of a person.
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It is by the weight of silver, and not the name of the piece, that men estimate commodities and exchange them. Locke.
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It is always very difficult to estimate the age in which you are living. J. C. Shairp.
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2. To from an opinion of, as to amount,, number, etc., from imperfect data, comparison, or experience; to make an estimate of; to calculate roughly; to rate; as, to estimate the cost of a trip, the number of feet in a piece of land.

Syn. -- To appreciate; value; appraise; prize; rate; esteem; count; calculate; number. -- To , . Both these words imply an exercise of the judgment. Estimate has reference especially to the external relations of things, such as amount, magnitude, importance, etc. It usually involves computation or calculation; as, to estimate the loss or gain of an enterprise. Esteem has reference to the intrinsic or moral worth of a person or thing. Thus, we esteem a man for his kindness, or his uniform integrity. In this sense it implies a mingled sentiment of respect and attachment. We esteem it an honor to live in a free country. See .
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Estimate (?), n. A valuing or rating by the mind, without actually measuring, weighing, or the like; rough or approximate calculation; as, an estimate of the cost of a building, or of the quantity of water in a pond.
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Weigh success in a moral balance, and our whole estimate is changed. J. C. Shairp.

Syn. -- , , . The noun estimate, like its verb, supposes chiefly an exercise of judgment in determining the amount, importance, or magnitude of things, with their other exterior relations; as, an estimate of expenses incurred; a true estimate of life, etc. Esteem is a moral sentiment made up of respect and attachment, -- the valuation of a person as possessing useful qualities or real worth. Thus we speak of the esteem of the wise and good as a thing greatly to be desired. Estimation seems to waver between the two. In our version of the Scriptures it is used simply for estimate; as, “If he be poorer than thy estimation.” Lev. xxvii. 8. In other cases, it verges toward esteem; as, “I know him to be of worth and worthy estimation.” Shak. It will probably settle down at last on this latter sense. “Esteem is the value we place upon some degree of worth. It is higher than simple approbation, which is a decision of judgment. It is the commencement of affection.” Gogan.
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No; dear as freedom is, and in my heart's
Just estimation prized above all price. Cowper.
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estimated adj. calculated approximately; as, an estimated mass of 25 g.
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Estimation (?), n. [L. aestimatio, fr. aestimare: cf. F. estimation. See , v. t.] 1. The act of estimating. Shak.
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2. An opinion or judgment of the worth, extent, or quantity of anything, formed without using precise data; valuation; as, estimations of distance, magnitude, amount, or moral qualities.
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If he be poorer that thy estimation, then he shall present himself before the priest, and the priest, and the priest shall value him. Lev. xxvii. 8.
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3. Favorable opinion; esteem; regard; honor.
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I shall have estimation among multitude, and honor with the elders. Wisdom viii. 10.
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4. Supposition; conjecture.
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I speak not this in estimation,
As what I think might be, but what I know. Shak.

Syn. -- Estimate; calculation; computation; appraisement; esteem; honor; regard. See , n.
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Estimative (?), a. [Cf. F. estimatif.] 1. Inclined, or able, to estimate; serving for, or capable of being used in, estimating.
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We find in animals an estimative or judicial faculty. Sir M. Hale.
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2. Pertaining to an estimate. [R.]
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Estimator (?), n. [L. aestimator.] One who estimates or values; a valuer. Jer. Taylor.

Estival (?), a., Estivate (�), v. i., Estivation (�), n. Same as , , etc.
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Estoile (?), n. [OF.] (Her.) A six-pointed star whose rays are wavy, instead of straight like those of a mullet. [Written also étoile.]
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Coloq. Estoile of eight points , a star which has four straight and four wavy rays. -- Coloq. Estoile of four points . Same as Cross estoilé, under .
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Estonian adj. of or pertaining to Estonia.
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Estonian n. a native or inhabitant of Estonia.
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Estop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Estophed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Estopping.] [OF. estoper to stop, plug, close, F. étouper, LL. stuppare to close with tow, obstruct, fr. L. stuppa tow, oakum, cf. Gr. stypph. Cf. .] (Law) To impede or bar by estoppel.
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A party will be estopped by his admissions, where his intent is to influence another, or derive an advantage to himself. Abbott.
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Estoppel (?), n. [From .] (Law) (a) A stop; an obstruction or bar to one's alleging or denying a fact contrary to his own previous action, allegation, or denial; an admission, by words or conduct, which induces another to purchase rights, against which the party making such admission can not take a position inconsistent with the admission. (b) The agency by which the law excludes evidence to dispute certain admissions, which the policy of the law treats as indisputable. Wharton. Stephen. Burrill.
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