Fumily - Fungous

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Fumily (?), adv. Smokily; with fume.
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Fuming, a. Producing fumes, or vapors.
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Coloq. Cadet's fuming liquid (Chem.), alkarsin. -- Coloq. Fuming liquor of Libavius (Old Chem.), stannic chloride; the chloride of tin, SnCl4, forming a colorless, mobile liquid which fumes in the air. Mixed with water it solidifies to the so-called butter of tin. -- Coloq. Fuming sulphuric acid . (Chem.) Same as Disulphuric acid, uder .
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Fumingly, adv. In a fuming manner; angrily. “They answer fumingly.” Hooker.
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Fumish, a. Smoky; hot; choleric.
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Fumishness, n. Choler; fretfulness; passion.
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Fumiter (?), n. (Bot.) Fumitory. [Obs.]
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Fumitory (?), n. [OE. fumetere, F. fumeterre, prop., smoke of the ground, fr. L. fumus smoke + terra earth. See , and .] (Bot.) The common uame of several species of the genus Fumaria, annual herbs of the Old World, with finely dissected leaves and small flowers in dense racemes or spikes. F. officinalis is a common species, and was formerly used as an antiscorbutic.
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Coloq. Climbing fumitory (Bot.), the Alleghany vine (Adlumia cirrhosa); a biennial climbing plant with elegant feathery leaves and large clusters of pretty white or pinkish flowers looking like grains of rice.
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Fummel (?), n. (Zoöl.) A hinny.
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Fumosity (?), n. [Cf. OF. fumosité.] The fumes of drink. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Fumous (?), a. [L. fumosus, fr. fumus smoke: cf. F. fumeux.] 1. Producing smoke; smoky.
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2. Producing fumes; full of fumes.
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Garlic, onions, mustard, and such-like fumous things. Barough (1625).
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Fumy (?), a. Producing fumes; fumous. “Drowned in fumy wine.” H. Brooke.
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Fun (?), n. [Perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. fonn pleasure.] Sport; merriment; frolicsome amusement. “Oddity, frolic, and fun.” Goldsmith.
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Coloq. To make fun of , to hold up to, or turn into, ridicule.
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Funambulate (?), v. i. [See .] To walk or to dance on a rope.
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Funambulation (?), n. Ropedancing.
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Funambulatory (?), a. 1. Performing like a ropedancer. Chambers.
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2. Narrow, like the walk of a ropedancer.
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This funambulatory track. Sir T. Browne.
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Funambulist (?), n. A ropewalker or ropedancer.

{ Funambulo (?), Funambulus (?) } n. [Sp. funambulo, or It. funambolo, fr. L. funambulus; funis rope (perh. akin to E. bind) + ambulare to walk. See , and cf. .] A ropewalker or ropedancer. [Obs.] Bacon.
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Function (?), n. [L. functio, fr. fungi to perform, execute, akin to Skr. bhuj to enjoy, have the use of: cf. F. fonction. Cf. .] 1. The act of executing or performing any duty, office, or calling; performance. “In the function of his public calling.” Swift.
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2. (Physiol.) The appropriate action of any special organ or part of an animal or vegetable organism; as, the function of the heart or the limbs; the function of leaves, sap, roots, etc.; life is the sum of the functions of the various organs and parts of the body.
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3. The natural or assigned action of any power or faculty, as of the soul, or of the intellect; the exertion of an energy of some determinate kind.
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As the mind opens, and its functions spread. Pope.
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4. The course of action which peculiarly pertains to any public officer in church or state; the activity appropriate to any business or profession.
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Tradesmen . . . going about their functions. Shak.
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The malady which made him incapable of performing his
regal functions. Macaulay.
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5. (Math.) A quantity so connected with another quantity, that if any alteration be made in the latter there will be a consequent alteration in the former. Each quantity is said to be a function of the other. Thus, the circumference of a circle is a function of the diameter. If x be a symbol to which different numerical values can be assigned, such expressions as x2, 3x, Log. x, and Sin. x, are all functions of x.
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6. (Eccl.) A religious ceremony, esp. one particularly impressive and elaborate.

Every solemn ‘function' performed with the requirements of the liturgy. Card. Wiseman.
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7. A public or social ceremony or gathering; a festivity or entertainment, esp. one somewhat formal.

This function, which is our chief social event. W. D. Howells.
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Coloq. Algebraic function , a quantity whose connection with the variable is expressed by an equation that involves only the algebraic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to a given power, and extracting a given root; -- opposed to transcendental function. -- Coloq. Arbitrary function . See under . -- Coloq. Calculus of functions . See under . -- Coloq. Carnot's function (Thermo-dynamics), a relation between the amount of heat given off by a source of heat, and the work which can be done by it. It is approximately equal to the mechanical equivalent of the thermal unit divided by the number expressing the temperature in degrees of the air thermometer, reckoned from its zero of expansion. -- Coloq. Circular functions . See Inverse trigonometrical functions (below). -- Continuous function, a quantity that has no interruption in the continuity of its real values, as the variable changes between any specified limits. -- Coloq. Discontinuous function . See under . -- Coloq. Elliptic functions , a large and important class of functions, so called because one of the forms expresses the relation of the arc of an ellipse to the straight lines connected therewith. -- Coloq. Explicit function , a quantity directly expressed in terms of the independently varying quantity; thus, in the equations y = 6x2, y = 10 -x3, the quantity y is an explicit function of x. -- Coloq. Implicit function , a quantity whose relation to the variable is expressed indirectly by an equation; thus, y in the equation x2 + y2 = 100 is an implicit function of x. -- Coloq. Inverse trigonometrical functions , or Coloq. Circular functions , the lengths of arcs relative to the sines, tangents, etc. Thus, AB is the arc whose sine is BD, and (if the length of BD is x) is written sin -1x, and so of the other lines. See Trigonometrical function (below). Other transcendental functions are the exponential functions, the elliptic functions, the gamma functions, the theta functions, etc. -- Coloq. One-valued function , a quantity that has one, and only one, value for each value of the variable. -- Coloq. Transcendental functions , a quantity whose connection with the variable cannot be expressed by algebraic operations; thus, y in the equation y = 10x is a transcendental function of x. See Algebraic function (above). -- Coloq. Trigonometrical function , a quantity whose relation to the variable is the same as that of a certain straight line drawn in a circle whose radius is unity, to the length of a corresponding are of the circle. Let AB be an arc in a circle, whose radius OA is unity let AC be a quadrant, and let OC, DB, and AF be drawnpependicular to OA, and EB and CG parallel to OA, and let OB be produced to G and F. E Then BD is the sine of the arc AB; OD or EB is the cosine, AF is the tangent, CG is the cotangent, OF is the secant OG is the cosecant, AD is the versed sine, and CE is the coversed sine of the are AB. If the length of AB be represented by x (OA being unity) then the lengths of Functions. these lines (OA being unity) are the trigonometrical functions of x, and are written sin x, cos x, tan x (or tang x), cot x, sec x, cosec x, versin x, coversin x. These quantities are also considered as functions of the angle BOA.

{ Function (fŭṉkshŭn), Functionate (?), } v. i. To execute or perform a function; to transact one's regular or appointed business.
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Functional (fŭṉkshŭn�l), a. 1. Pertaining to, or connected with, a function or duty; official.
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2. (Pathology, Physiol.) Pertaining to the function of an organ or part, or to the functions in general; involving or affecting function rather than physiology; as, functional deafness; a functional disease. See functional disease, below. [wns=2]
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3. Designed for or capable of a particular function or use; as, a style of writing in which every word is functional; functional architecture. [wns=1]
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4. Fit or ready for use or service; useable; in working order; as, the toaster was still functional even after being dropped; the lawnmower is a bit rusty but still functional. Antonym of out of order and nonfunctional. [wns=4 & 6]
Syn. -- usable, useable, in working order(predicate), operable, operational, running(prenominal), operative.
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5. Designed to emphasize practical utility rather than artistic or aesthetic purposes; as, functional education selects knowledge that is concrete and usable rather than abstract and theoretical; functional architecture; an amateurish device, crude but functional.
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Coloq. Functional disease (Med.), a disease of which the symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; the derangement of an organ arising from a cause, often unknown, external to itself opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.
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functionalism n. 1. a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment.
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2. any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose.
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functionalist n. an adherent of functionalism.
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Functionalize (?), v. t. To assign to some function or office. [R.]
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Functionally, adv. In a functional manner; as regards normal or appropriate activity.
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The organ is said to be functionally disordered. Lawrence.
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Functionary (?), n.; pl. Functionaries (#). [Cf. F. fonctionnaire.] One charged with the performance of a function or office; as, a public functionary; secular functionaries.
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Functionless, a. Destitute of function, or of an appropriate organ. Darwin.
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Fund (?), n. [OF. font, fond, nom. fonz, bottom, ground, F. fond bottom, foundation, fonds fund, fr. L. fundus bottom, ground, foundation, piece of land. See to establish.] 1. An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.
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2. A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.
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3. pl. The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.
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4. An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.
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5. A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.
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An inexhaustible fund of stories. Macaulay.
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Coloq. Sinking fund , the aggregate of sums of money set apart and invested, usually at fixed intervals, for the extinguishment of the debt of a government, or of a corporation, by the accumulation of interest.
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Fund, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Funded; p. pr. & vb. n. Funding.] 1. To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.
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2. To place in a fund, as money.
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3. To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.
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Fundable (?), a. Capable of being funded, or converted into a fund; convertible into bonds.
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Fundament (?), n. [OE. fundament, fundement, fondement, OF. fundement, fondement, F. fondement, fr. L. fundamentum foundation, fr. fundare to lay the bottom, to found, fr. fundus bottom. See .] 1. Foundation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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2. The part of the body on which one sits; the buttocks; specifically (Anat.), the anus. Hume.
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Fundamental (?), a. [Cf. F. fondamental.] Pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation. Hence: Essential, as an element, principle, or law; important; original; elementary; as, a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom.
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The fundamental reasons of this war. Shak.
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Some fundamental antithesis in nature. Whewell.
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Coloq. Fundamental bass (Mus.), the root note of a chord; a bass formed of the roots or fundamental tones of the chords. -- Coloq. Fundamental chord (Mus.), a chord, the lowest tone of which is its root. -- Coloq. Fundamental colors , red, green, and violet-blue. See Primary colors, under .
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Fundamental, n. A leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article, which serves as the groundwork of a system; essential part, as, the fundamentals of the Christian faith.
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fundamentalism n. 1. A system of beliefs based on the interpretation of every word in the Bible, both old and new testaments, as literal truth. It is primarily held by a branch of American Protestants.
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2. The beliefs or practises based on a rigid adherence to some traditional doctrine; extreme conservatism; as, Moslem fundamentalism; the political fundamentalism of the Christian right.
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fundamentalist fundamentalistic adj. 1. of or pertaining to fundamentalists or fundamentalism.
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2. characteristic of a fundamentalist; -- especially, resembling the behavior of a fundamentalist; as, a fundamentalist dislike of new ideas.
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fundamentalist n. a supporter of fundamentalism.
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Fundamentally, adv. Primarily; originally; essentially; radically; at the foundation; in origin or constituents. “Fundamentally defective.” Burke.
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Funded (?), a. 1. Existing in the form of bonds bearing regular interest; as, funded debt.
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2. Invested in public funds; as, funded money.
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Fundholder (?), a. One who has money invested in the public funds. J. S. Mill.
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Funding, a. 1. Providing a fund for the payment of the interest or principal of a debt.
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2. Investing in the public funds.
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Coloq. Funding system , a system or scheme of finance or revenue by which provision is made for paying the interest or principal of a public debt.
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Fundless, a. Destitute of funds.
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Fundus (fŭndŭs), n. [L., bottom.] (Anat.) The bottom or base of any hollow organ; as, the fundus of the bladder; the fundus of the eye; the fundus of the uterus.
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Funebrial (f�nēbrĭ�l), a. [L. funebris belonging to a funeral, fr. funus funeral.] Pertaining to a funeral or funerals; funeral; funereal. [Obs.] [Written also funebral.] Sir T. Browne.
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Funebrious (?), a. Funebrial. [Obs.]
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Funeral (fūnẽr�l), n. [LL. funeralia, prop. neut. pl. of funeralis of a funeral, fr. L. funus, funeris, funeral: cf. F. funérailles.] 1. The solemn rites used in the disposition of a dead human body, whether such disposition be by interment, burning, or otherwise; esp., the ceremony or solemnization of interment; obsequies; burial; -- formerly used in the plural.
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King James his funerals were performed very solemnly in the collegiate church at Westminster. Euller.
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2. The procession attending the burial of the dead; the show and accompaniments of an interment. “The long funerals.” Pope.
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3. A funeral sermon; -- usually in the plural. [Obs.]
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Mr. Giles Lawrence preached his funerals. South.
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Funeral, a. [LL. funeralis. See , n.] Pertaining to a funeral; used at the interment of the dead; as, funeral rites, honors, or ceremonies. Shak.
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Coloq. Funeral pile or Coloq. Funeral pyre , a structure of combustible material, upon which a dead body is placed to be reduced to ashes, as part of a funeral rite; a pyre.

-- Funerally, adv. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
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funeral home, n. An establishment, usually commercial, where the bodies of dead persons are prepared for viewing before burial or cremation; called also funeral parlor, mortuary, funeral chapel and informally, undertaker's. The body may or may not be preserved by embalming before viewing or burial, and in some cases the body is not exposed for viewing, though present in a casket. Often, some form of memorial service is held for the deceased at the funeral home, where friends and relatives may come to pay their respects to the dead, and express condolence to the family. The work of preparation of the body and many other arrangements related to the funeral and burial are carried out by an undertaker or mortician who manages the funeral home.
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funeral parlor, n. Same as .
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funerary (fūnȧrẽr�), adj. of or pertaining to a funeral or to burial of human remains; as, funerary urn.
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Funerate (?), v. t. [L. funeratus, p. p. of funerare to funerate, fr. funus. See .] To bury with funeral rites. [Obs.] Cockeram.
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Funeration (?), n. [L. funeratio.] The act of burying with funeral rites. [Obs.] Knatchbull.
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Funereal (?), a. [L. funereus, fr. fentus a funeral.] Suiting a funeral; pertaining to burial; solemn; as, at a funereal pace. Hence: Dark; dismal; mournful. Jer. Taylor.
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What seem to us but sad funereal tapers May be heaven's distant lamps. Longfellow.

-- Funereally, adv.
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Funest (?), a. [L. funestus, fr. funus a funeral, destruction: cf. F. funeste.] Lamentable; doleful. [R.] “Funest and direful deaths.” Coleridge.
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A forerunner of something very funest. Evelyn.
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Fungal (?), a. Of or pertaining to fungi.
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Fungate (?), n. [Cf. F. fongate.] (Chem.) A salt of fungic acid. [Formerly written also fungiate.]
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Funge (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom, dolt.] A blockhead; a dolt; a fool. [Obs.] Burton.
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Fungi (fŭnjī), n. pl.; sing. fungus. (Biol.) A group of thallophytic plant-like organisms of low organization, destitute of chlorophyll, in which reproduction is mainly accomplished by means of asexual spores, which are produced in a great variety of ways, though sexual reproduction is known to occur in certain Phycomycetes, or so-called algal fungi. They include the molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, mushrooms, toadstools, puff balls, and the allies of each. In the two-kingdom classification system they were classed with the plants, but in the modern five-kingdom classification, they are not classed as plants, but are classed in their own separate kingdom fungi, which includes the phyla Zygomycota (including simple fungi such as bread molds), Ascomycota (including the yeasts), Basidiomycota (including the mushrooms, smuts, and rusts), and Deuteromycota (the ). Some of the forms, such as the yeasts, appear as single-celled microorganisms, but all of the fungi are are eukaryotic, thus distinguishing them from the prokaryotic microorganisms of the kingdon Monera.
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☞ The Fungi appear to have originated by degeneration from various algæ, losing their chlorophyll on assuming a parasitic or saprophytic life. In an earlier classification they were divided into the subclasses Phycomycetes, the lower or algal fungi; the Mesomycetes, or intermediate fungi; and the Mycomycetes, or the higher fungi; by others into the Phycomycetes; the Ascomycetes, or sac-spore fungi; and the Basidiomycetes, or basidial-spore fungi.
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Fungia (?), n. [NL., fr. L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fongie.] (Zoöl.) A genus of simple, stony corals; -- so called because they are usually flat and circular, with radiating plates, like the gills of a mushroom. Some of them are eighteen inches in diameter.
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Fungian (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Fungidæ, a family of stony corals. -- n. One of the Fungidæ.
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Fungibles (?), n. pl. [LL. (res) fungibiles, probably fr. L. fungi to discharge. “A barbarous term, supposed to have originated in the use of the words functionem recipere in the Digeste.” Bouvier. “Called fungibiles, quia una alterius vice fungitur.” John Taylor (1755). Cf. .] 1. (Civ. Law) Things which may be furnished or restored in kind, as distinguished from specific things; -- called also fungible things. Burrill.
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2. (Scots Law) Movable goods which may be valued by weight or measure, in contradistinction from those which must be judged of individually. Jamieson.
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Fungic (?), a. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. fungique, fongique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, mushrooms; as, fungic acid.
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Fungicide (?), n. [Fungi + -cide, fr. L. caedere to kill.] Anything that kills fungi. -- Fungicidal (#), n.
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Fungiform (?), a. [Eungus + -form: cf. F. fongiforme.] Shaped like a fungus or mushroom.
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Coloq. Fungiform papillæ (Anat.), numerous small, rounded eminences on the upper surface of the tongue.
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Fungi Imperfecti (?), pl. [L. imperfecti imperfect.] (Bot.) A heterogenous phylum of fungi which lack a sexual phase, or of which the sexual phase is not known. Some undoubtedly represent the conidium stages of various Ascomycetes. It is not considered a natural phylum, and is also called the Deuteromycota. The group is divided into the orders Sphæropsidales, Melanconiales, and Moniliales. It includes the genera Penicillium and Aspergillus, which reproduce asexually by means of conidia.
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Fungilliform (?), a. Shaped like a small fungus.
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Fungin (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F, fongine, fungine.] (Chem.) A name formerly given to cellulose found in certain fungi and mushrooms.
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Fungite (?), n. [L. fungus mushroom: cf. F. pongite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral resembling Fungia.
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Fungivorous (?), a. [L. fungus + vorare to eat greedily: cf. F. fongivore.] (Zoöl.) Eating fungi; -- said of certain insects and snails.
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Fungoid (?), a. [Fungus + -oil: cf. F. fongoïde.] Like a fungus; fungous; spongy.
Syn. -- funguslike.
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Fungologist (?), n. A mycologist.
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Fungology (?), n. [Fungus + -logy.] Mycology.
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Fungosity (?), n. [Cf. F. fungosité, fongosité.] The quality of that which is fungous; fungous excrescence. Dunglison.
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Fungous (?), a. [L. fungosus: cf. F. fungueux.] 1. Of the nature of fungi; spongy.
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