Heft - Helium

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Heft (?), n. Same as , n. [Obs.] Waller.
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Heft, n. [From : cf. hefe weight. Cf. .] 1. The act or effort of heaving; violent strain or exertion. [Obs.]
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He craks his gorge, his sides,
With violent hefts. Shak.
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2. Weight; ponderousness. [Colloq.]
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A man of his age and heft. T. Hughes.
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3. The greater part or bulk of anything; as, the heft of the crop was spoiled. [Colloq. U. S.] J. Pickering.
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Heft (?), n.; G. pl. Hefte (#). [G.] A number of sheets of paper fastened together, as for a notebook; also, a part of a serial publication.

The size of “hefts” will depend on the material requiring attention, and the annual volume is to cost about 15 marks. The Nation.
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Heft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hefted (Heft, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Hefting.] 1. To heave up; to raise aloft.
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Inflamed with wrath, his raging blade he heft. Spenser.
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2. To prove or try the weight of by raising. [Colloq.]
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Hefty, a. 1. Moderately heavy. [Colloq. U. S.]
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2. Strong; muscular; -- of people.
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3. Substantial; large; as, a hefty increase in annual profits.
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hegari n. Sudanese sorghums having white seeds; one variety is grown in Southwestern U.S.
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Hegel prop. n. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).
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Hegelian (?; 106), prop. a. Pertaining to Hegelianism. -- n. A follower of Hegel.

{ Hegelianism (?), Hegelism (?), } prop. n. The system of logic and philosophy set forth by Hegel, a German writer (1770-1831).

{ Hegemonic (?), Hegemonical (?), } a. [Gr. �. See .] Leading; controlling; ruling; predominant. “Princelike and hegemonical.” Fotherby.
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Hegemony (?), n. [Gr. �, fr. � guide, leader, fr. � to go before.] Leadership; preponderant influence or authority; -- usually applied to the relation of a government or state to its neighbors or confederates. Lieber.
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Hegge (?), n. A hedge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Hegira (?; 277), n. [Written also hejira.] [Ar. hijrah flight.] The flight of Mohammed from Mecca, September 13, a. d. 622 (subsequently established as the first year of the Moslem era); hence, any flight or exodus regarded as like that of Mohammed.
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☞ The starting point of the Era was made to begin, not from the date of the flight, but from the first day of the Arabic year, which corresponds to July 16, a. d. 622.
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he-huckleberry n. A deciduous much-branched shrub (Lyonia ligustrina) with dense downy panicles of small bell-shaped white flowers.
Syn. -- maleberry, male berry, privet andromeda, Lyonia ligustrina.
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Heifer (?), n. [OE. hayfare, AS. heáhfore, heáfore; the second part of this word seems akin to AS. fearr bull, ox; akin to OHG. farro, G. farre, D. vaars, heifer, G. färse, and perh. to Gr. �, �, calf, heifer.] (Zoöl.) A young cow.
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Heigh-ho (hī-hō), interj. An exclamation of surprise, joy, dejection, uneasiness, weariness, etc. Shak.
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Height (hīt), n. [Written also hight.] [OE. heighte, heght, heighthe, AS. heáhðu, hēhðu fr. heah high; akin to D. hoogte, Sw. höjd, Dan. höide, Icel. hæð, Goth. hauhiþa. See .] 1. The condition of being high; elevated position.
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Behold the height of the stars, how high they are! Job xxii. 12.
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2. The distance to which anything rises above its foot, above that on which in stands, above the earth, or above the level of the sea; altitude; the measure upward from a surface, as the floor or the ground, of an animal, especially of a man; stature. Bacon.
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[Goliath's] height was six cubits and a span. 1 Sam. xvii. 4.
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3. Degree of latitude either north or south. [Obs.]
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Guinea lieth to the north sea, in the same height as Peru to the south. Abp. Abbot.
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4. That which is elevated; an eminence; a hill or mountain; as, Alpine heights. Dryden.
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5. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, learning, arts; also, an advanced degree of social rank; preëminence or distinction in society; prominence.
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Measure your mind's height by the shade it casts. R. Browning.
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All would in his power hold, all make his subjects. Chapman.
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6. Progress toward eminence; grade; degree.
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Social duties are carried to greater heights, and enforced with stronger motives by the principles of our religion. Addison.
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7. Utmost degree in extent; extreme limit of energy or condition; as, the height of a fever, of passion, of madness, of folly; the height of a tempest.
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My grief was at the height before thou camest. Shak.
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Coloq. On height , aloud. [Obs.]
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[He] spake these same words, all on hight. Chaucer.
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Heighten (hīt'n), v. t. [Written also highten.] [imp. & p. p. Heightened (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Heightening.] 1. To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.
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2. To carry forward; to advance; to increase; to augment; to aggravate; to intensify; to render more conspicuous; -- used of things, good or bad; as, to heighten beauty; to heighten a flavor or a tint. “To heighten our confusion.” Addison.
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An aspect of mystery which was easily heightened to the miraculous. Hawthorne.
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Heightener (?), n. [Written also hightener.] One who, or that which, heightens.
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heights n. a high place; the high part of a district; as, he doesn't like heights.
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Heimdal n. god of dawn and light; guardian of Asgard.
Syn. -- Heimdall, Heimdallr.
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Heimdall n. Same as .
Syn. -- Heimdal, Heimdallr.
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Heimdallr n. Same as .
Syn. -- Heimdall, Heimdal.
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heinie (hīnē), n. The buttocks; -- a word used with children. [slang]
Syn. -- ass, butt, buttocks, rear end, derriere, rump, behind.
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Heinous (hānŭs), a. [OF. haïnos hateful, F. haineux, fr. OF. haïne hate, F. haine, fr. haïr to hate; of German origin. See .] Hateful; hatefully bad; flagrant; odious; atrocious; giving great offense; -- applied to deeds or to character.
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It were most heinous and accursed sacrilege. Hooker.
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How heinous had the fact been, how deserving
Contempt! Milton.

Syn. -- Monstrous; flagrant; flagitious; atrocious.

-- Heinously, adv. -- Heinousness, n.
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heinousness n. the quality of being shockingly cruel and inhumane.
Syn. -- atrocity, atrociousness, barbarity, barbarousness.
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Heir (âr), n. [OE. heir, eir, hair, OF. heir, eir, F. hoir, L. heres; of uncertain origin. Cf. , .] 1. One who inherits, or is entitled to succeed to the possession of, any property after the death of its owner; one on whom the law bestows the title or property of another at the death of the latter.
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I am my father's heir and only son. Shak.
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2. One who receives any endowment from an ancestor or relation; as, the heir of one's reputation or virtues.
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And I his heir in misery alone. Pope.
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Coloq. Heir apparent . (Law.) See under . -- Coloq. Heir at law , one who, after his ancector's death, has a right to inherit all his intestate estate. Wharton (Law Dict.). -- Coloq. Heir presumptive , one who, if the ancestor should die immediately, would be his heir, but whose right to the inheritance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or by some other contingency.
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Heir (?), v. t. To inherit; to succeed to. [R.]
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One only daughter heired the royal state. Dryden.
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Heirdom (?), n. The state of an heir; succession by inheritance. Burke.
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Heiress, n. A female heir.
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Heirless a. Destitute of an heir. Shak.
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Heirloom (?), n. [Heir + loom, in its earlier sense of implement, tool. See the frame.] Any furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law or special custom descends to the heir along with the inheritance; any piece of personal property that has been in a family for several generations.
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Woe to him whose daring hand profanes
The honored heirlooms of his ancestors. Moir.
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Heirship (?), n. The state, character, or privileges of an heir; right of inheriting.
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Coloq. Heirship movables , certain kinds of movables which the heir is entitled to take, besides the heritable estate. [Scot.]
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Hejira (?), n. See .

Hektare, Hektogram, Hektoliter, and Hektometer, n. Same as , , , and .
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Hektograph (?), n. See .
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Helamys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � fawn + � mouse.] (Zoöl.) See Jumping hare, under .
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Helcoplasty (?), n. [Gr. � a wound + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or process of repairing lesions made by ulcers, especially by a plastic operation.
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Held (?), imp. & p. p. of .
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Hele (?), n. [See , n.] Health; welfare. [Obs.] “In joy and perfyt hele.” Chaucer.
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Hele, v. t. [AS. helan, akin to D. helen, OHG. helan, G. hehlen, L. celare. √17. See , and cf. .] To hide; to cover; to roof. [Obs.]
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Hide and hele things. Chaucer.
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Helena (?), n. [L.: cf. Sp. helena.] See St. Elmo's fire, under .
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Helenin (?), n. (Chem.) A neutral organic substance found in the root of the elecampane (Inula helenium), and extracted as a white crystalline or oily material, with a slightly bitter taste.
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Heleodytes prop. n. A genus comprising the cactus wrens; one of several alternative classifications.
Syn. -- Campylorhynchus, genus Campylorhynchus, genus Heleodytes.
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Heliac (?), a. Heliacal.
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Heliacal (?), a. [Gr. � belonging to the sun, fr. � the sun: cf. F. héliaque.] (Astron.) Emerging from the light of the sun, or passing into it; rising or setting at the same, or nearly the same, time as the sun. Sir T. Browne.
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☞ The heliacal rising of a star is when, after being in conjunction with the sun, and invisible, it emerges from the light so as to be visible in the morning before sunrising. On the contrary, the heliacal setting of a star is when the sun approaches conjunction so near as to render the star invisible.
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Heliacally, adv. In a heliacal manner. De Quincey.
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Helianthin (?), n. [Prob. fr. L. helianthes, or NL. helianthus, sunflower, in allusion to its color.] (Chem.) An artificial, orange dyestuff, analogous to tropaolin, and like it used as an indicator in alkalimetry; -- called also methyl orange.
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Helianthoid (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Helianthoidea.
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Helianthoidea (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. helianthes sunflower + -oid.] (Zoöl.) An order of Anthozoa; the Actinaria.
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helianthus n. any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays.
Syn. -- sunflower.
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Helical (?), a. [From .] Of or pertaining to, or in the form of, a helix; spiral; as, a helical staircase; a helical spring. -- Helically, adv.
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Helichrysum (�), n. [L., the marigold, fr. Gr. � a kind of plant.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, with shining, commonly white or yellow, or sometimes reddish, radiated involucres, which are often called “everlasting flowers.”
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Heliciform (?), a. [Helix + -form.] Having the form of a helix; spiral.
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Helicin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside obtained as a white crystalline substance by partial oxidation of salicin, from a willow (Salix Helix of Linnæus.)
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Helicine (?), a. (Anat.) Curled; spiral; helicoid; -- applied esp. to certain arteries of the penis.
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Helicograph (?), n. [Helix + -graph.] An instrument for drawing spiral lines on a plane.
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Helicoid (?), a. [Gr. �; �, �, spiral + � shape: cf. F. hélicoïde. See .]
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1. Spiral; curved, like the spire of a univalve shell.
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2. (Zoöl.) Shaped like a snail shell; pertaining to the Helicidæ, or Snail family.
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Coloq. Helicoid parabola (Math.), the parabolic spiral.
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Helicoid, n. (Geom.) A warped surface which may be generated by a straight line moving in such a manner that every point of the line shall have a uniform motion in the direction of another fixed straight line, and at the same time a uniform angular motion about it.
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Helicoidal (?), a. Same as . -- Helicoidally, adv.
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Helicon (hĕlĭkŏn), prop. n. [L., fr. Gr. Elikwn.] A mountain in Bœotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.
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From Helicon's harmonious springs
A thousand rills their mazy progress take. Gray.
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Heliconia (?), n. [NL. See .] (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of Heliconius, a genus of tropical American butterflies. The wings are usually black, marked with green, crimson, and white.
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Heliconian (?), a. [L. Heliconius.] 1. Of or pertaining to Helicon. “Heliconian honey.” Tennyson.
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2. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the butterflies of the genus Heliconius.
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Helicopter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. elix, elikos, a spiral + pteron a wing.] a heavier-than-air aircraft whose lift is provided by the aerodynamic forces on rotating blades rather than on fixed wings. Contrasted with fixed-wing aircraft.
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Helicopter (?), v. i. to travel in a helicopter.
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Helicopter (?), v. t. to transport in a helicopter.
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Helicotrema (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. elix, elikos, a helix + � a hole.] (Anat.) The opening by which the two scalæ communicate at the top of the cochlea of the ear.
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Helio- (hēlĭ�-). A combining form from Gr. hlios the sun.

{ Heliocentric (hēlĭ�sĕntrĭk), Heliocentrical (hēlĭ�sĕntrĭk�l), } a. [Helio- + centric, centrical: cf. F. héliocentrique.] (Astron.) pertaining to the sun's center, or appearing to be seen from it; having, or relating to, the sun as a center; -- opposed to geocentrical.
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Coloq. Heliocentric parallax . See under . -- Coloq. Heliocentric place , Coloq. latitude , Coloq. longitude , etc. (of a heavenly body), the direction, latitude, longitude, etc., of the body as viewed from the sun.
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Heliochrome (hēlĭ�krōm), n. [Helio- + Gr. chrw^ma color.] A photograph in colors. R. Hunt.
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Heliochromic (hēlĭ�krōmĭk or hēlĭ�krŏmĭk), a. Pertaining to, or produced by, heliochromy.
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Heliochromy (hēlĭ�krōm� or hēlĭŏkr�m�), n. The art of producing photographs in color.
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Heliogram (hēlĭ�grȧm), n. [Helio- + -gram.] A message transmitted by a heliograph.
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Heliograph (hēlĭ�grȧf), n. [Helio- + -graph.]
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1. A picture taken by heliography; a photograph.
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2. An instrument for taking photographs of the sun.
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3. An apparatus for telegraphing by means of the sun's rays. See , 3.
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Heliograph (hēlĭ�grȧf), v. t. 1. To telegraph, or signal, with a heliograph.
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2. To photograph by sunlight.
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Heliographic (hēlĭ�grăfĭk), a. (Astron.) 1. Of or pertaining to a description of the sun.
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☞ Heliographic longitudes and latitudes of spots on the sun's surface are analogous to geographic longitudes and latitudes of places on the earth.
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2. Of or pertaining to heliography or a heliograph; made by heliography.
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Coloq. Heliographic chart . See under .
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Heliography, n. 1. [Helio- + -graphy.] The description of the sun.
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2. The system, art, or practice of telegraphing, or signaling, with the heliograph.
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3. An early photographic process invented by Nicéphore Niepce, and still used in photo-engraving. It consists essentially in exposing under a design or in a camera a polished metal plate coated with a preparation of asphalt, and subsequently treating the plate with a suitable solvent. The light renders insoluble those parts of the film which is strikes, and so a permanent image is formed, which can be etched upon the plate by the use of acid.
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4. Photography. [Archaic.] R. Hunt.
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Heliogravure (?), n. [F. héliogravure.] 1. The process of photographic engraving.
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2. A plate or picture made by the process of heliogravure.
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Heliolater (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. � servant, worshiper.] A worshiper of the sun.
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Heliolatry (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. � service, worship.] Sun worship. See .
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Heliolite (?), n. [Helio- + -lite.] (Paleon.) A fossil coral of the genus Heliolites, having twelve-rayed cells. It is found in the Silurian rocks.
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Heliometer (?), n. [Helio- + -meter: cf. F. héliomètre.] (Astron.) An instrument devised originally for measuring the diameter of the sun; now employed for delicate measurements of the distance and relative direction of two stars too far apart to be easily measured in the field of view of an ordinary telescope.

{ Heliometric (?), Heliometrical (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the heliometer, or to heliometry.
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Heliometry (?), n. The apart or practice of measuring the diameters of heavenly bodies, their relative distances, etc. See .
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Heliopora (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � the sun + � a passage, pore.] (Zoöl.) An East Indian stony coral now known to belong to the Alcyonaria; -- called also blue coral.
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Helioscope (?), n. [Helio- + -scope: cf. F. hélioscope.] (Astron.) A telescope or instrument for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes, as through colored glasses, or with mirrors which reflect but a small portion of light. -- Helioscopic (#), a.
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Heliostat (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. � placed, standing, fr. � to place, stand: cf. F. héliostate.] An instrument consisting of a mirror moved by clockwork, by which a sunbeam is made apparently stationary, by being steadily directed to one spot during the whole of its diurnal period; also, a geodetic heliotrope.
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Heliotrope (?), n. [F. héliotrope, L. heliotropium, Gr. �; � the sun + � to turn, � turn. See , .] 1. (Anc. Astron.) An instrument or machine for showing when the sun arrived at the tropics and equinoctial line.
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2. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; -- called also turnsole and girasole. Heliotropium Peruvianum is the commonly cultivated species with fragrant flowers.
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3. (Geodesy & Signal Service) An instrument for making signals to an observer at a distance, by means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.
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4. (Min.) See (a).
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Coloq. Heliotrope purple , a grayish purple color.
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Heliotroper (?), n. The person at a geodetic station who has charge of the heliotrope.
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Heliotropic (?), a. (Bot.) Manifesting heliotropism; turning toward the sun.
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Heliotropism (?), n. [Helio- + Gr. � to turn.] (Bot.) The phenomenon of turning toward the light, seen in many leaves and flowers.
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Heliotype (?), n. [Helio- + -type.] A picture obtained by the process of heliotypy.
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Heliotypic (?), a. Relating to, or obtained by, heliotypy.
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Heliotypy (?), n. A method of transferring pictures from photographic negatives to hardened gelatin plates from which impressions are produced on paper as by lithography.
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Heliozoa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. � the sun + zo^,on an animal.] (Zoöl.) An order of fresh-water rhizopods having a more or less globular form, with slender radiating pseudopodia; the sun animalcule.

heliport n. an airport for helicopters.
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Helipterum n. genus of South African and Australian herbs or shrubs grown as everlastings; the various Helipterum species are currently in process of being assigned to other genera, especially Pteropogon and Hyalosperma.
Syn. -- genus Helipterum.
[WordNet 1.5]

Helispheric (?), Helispherical (�), a. [Helix + spheric, spherical.] Spiral.
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Coloq. Helispherical line (Math.). the rhomb line in navigation. [R.]
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Helium (hēlĭŭm), n. [NL., fr. Gr. hlios the sun.] (Chem.) An inert, monoatomic, gaseous element occurring in the atmosphere of the sun and stars, and in small quantities in the earth's atmosphere, in several minerals and in certain mineral waters. It is obtained from natural gas in industrial quantities. Symbol, He; atomic number 2; at. wt., 4.0026 (C=12.011). Helium was first detected spectroscopically in the sun by Lockyer in 1868; it was first prepared by Ramsay in 1895. Helium has a density of 1.98 compared with hydrogen, and is more difficult to liquefy than the latter. Chemically, it is an inert noble gas, belonging to the argon group, and cannot be made to form compounds. The helium nucleus is the charged particle which constitutes alpha rays, and helium is therefore formed as a decomposition product of certain radioactive substances such as radium. The normal helium nucleus has two protons and two neutrons, but an isotope with only one neutron is also observed in atmospheric helium at an abundance of 0.013 %. Liquid helium has a boiling point of -268.9° C at atmospheric pressure, and is used for maintaining very low temperatures, both in laboratory experimentation and in commercial applications to maintain superconductivity in low-temperature superconducting devices. Gaseous helium at normal temperatures is used for buoyancy in blimps, dirigibles, and high-altitude balloons, and also for amusement in party balloons.
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