Hydragogue - Hydrofluoric

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Hydræmia (h�drēmĭȧ), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ydwr water + ai^ma blood.] (Med.) An abnormally watery state of the blood; anæmia.
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Hydragogue (?), a. [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. �; ydwr water + � to lead: cf. F. hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy. -- n. A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.
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Hydramide (?), n. [Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.) One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.
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Hydramine (?), n. [Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.
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Hydrangea (?), peop. n. [NL., fr. Gr. ydwr water + � vessel, capsule: cf. F. hydrangée.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. Hydrangea hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.
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Hydrangeaceae prop. n. A natural family of plants including the hydrangeas, sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae.
Syn. -- family Hydrangeaceae, hydrangea family.
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Hydrant (?), n. [Gr. � to irrigate, fr. ydwr water. See .] A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.
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Hydranth (?), n. [Hydra + Gr. � a flower.] (Zoöl.) One of the nutritive zooids of a hydroid colony. Also applied to the proboscis or manubrium of a hydroid medusa. See Illust. of .
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Hydrargochloride (?), n. [Hydrargyrum + chloride.] (Chem.) A compound of the bichloride of mercury with another chloride. [Obs.]
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Hydrargyrate (h�drärjĭr�t), a. Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury. [R.]
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Hydrargyrism (h�drärjĭrĭz'm), n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.
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Hydrargyrum (h�drärjĭrŭm), n. [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. ydrargyros; ydwr water + 'argyros silver.] (Chem.) Quicksilver; mercury.
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Hydrarthrosis (?), n. [NL. See , 1, and .] (Med.) An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.
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Hydrastine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid, found in the rootstock of the golden seal (Hydrastis Canadensis), and extracted as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. It is used as a tonic and febrifuge.
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Hydra-tainted (?), a. Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly. Cowper.
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Hydrate (?), n. [Gr. ydwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.
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Hydrate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Hydrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating (?).] To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.
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Hydrated (?), a. Formed into a hydrate; combined with water.
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Hydration (?), n. (Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate.
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Coloq. Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; -- distinguished from water of crystallization.
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Hydraulic (?), a. [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr. �, �, a water organ; ydwr water + � flute, pipe. See .] Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock.
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Coloq. Hydraulic accumulator , an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See , 2. -- Coloq. Hydraulic brake , a cataract. See , 3. -- Coloq. Hydraulic cement , a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water. -- Coloq. Hydraulic elevator , a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water. -- Coloq. Hydraulic jack . See under . -- Coloq. Hydraulic lime , quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc. -- Coloq. Hydraulic limestone , a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. -- Coloq. Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. -- Coloq. Hydraulic mining , a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] -- Coloq. Hydraulic press , a hydrostatic press. See under . -- Coloq. Hydraulic propeller , a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship. -- Coloq. Hydraulic ram , a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately. -- Coloq. Hydraulic valve . (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.
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Hydraulical (?), a. Hydraulic.
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Hydraulicon (?), n. [NL. See .] (Mus.) An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also hydraulis.]
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Hydraulics (?), n. [Cf. F. hydraulique.] That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like.
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☞ As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a branch of engineering, it consists in the practical application of the mechanics of fluids to the control and management of water with reference to the wants of man, including canals, waterworks, hydraulic machines, pumps, water wheels, etc. Some writers treat hydraulics and hydrostatics as subdivisions of hydrodynamics.
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Hydrazine (?), n. [Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas, with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.
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Hydrencephsloid (?), a. [Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Same as .
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Hydria (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. �.] (Gr. Antiq.) A water jar; esp., one with a large rounded body, a small neck, and three handles. Some of the most beautiful Greek vases are of this form.
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Hydriad (?), n. [Gr. �, �, of the water, fr. ydwr water.] (Myth.) A water nymph.
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Hydric (?), a. [From .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as, hydric oxide.
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Coloq. Hydric dioxide . (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under . -- Coloq. Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. -- Coloq. Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.
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Hydride (?), n. [Hydr- + ide.] (Chem.) A compound of the binary type, in which hydrogen is united with some other element.

Coloq. lithium hydride (?), n. (Chem.) A hydride of lithium, LiH, commonly used as a powerful reducing agent in organic chemistry.
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Hydriform (?), a. [Hydra + -form.] (Zoöl.) Having the form or structure of a hydra.
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Hydrina (?), n. pl. [NL. See .] (Zoöl.) The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.
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Hydriodate (?), n. [Cf. F. hydriodate.] (Zoöl.) Same as .
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Hydriodic (?), a. [Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. hydriodique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; -- said of an acid (HI) produced by the combination of these elements.
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Coloq. Hydriodic acid (Chem.), a pungent, colorless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. Called also hydrogen iodide.
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Hydriodide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; -- distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base.

Hydro (?), n. 1. A hydro-aëroplane. [obsolescent]
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2. hydroelectric power; -- also used attributively.
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{ Hydro- (?), Hydr-. } 1. A combining form from Gr. �, �, water (see ).
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2. (Chem.) A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone.
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Hydro-aëroplane. (Aëronautics) An aëroplane with a boatlike or other understructure that enables it to travel on, or to rise from the surface of, a body of water by its own motive power; -- now usually referred to as a seaplane. [obsolescent]
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Hydrobarometer (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + barometer.] An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.
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Hydrobiplane, n. A hydro-aëroplane having two supporting planes.
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Hydrobilirubin (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.
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Hydrobranchiata (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ydwr water + � gills.] (Zoöl.) An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera. -- Hydrobranchiate (#), a.
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Hydrobromate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as .
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Hydrobromic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + bromic.] (Chem.) Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid.
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Coloq. Hydrobromic acid (Chem.), a colorless, pungent, corrosive gas, HBr, usually collected as a solution in water. It resembles hydrochloric acid, but is weaker and less stable. Called also hydrogen bromide.
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Hydrobromide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.
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Hydrocarbon (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.
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Coloq. Hydrocarbon burner , Coloq. furnace , Coloq. stove , a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.
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Hydrocarbonaceous (?), a. Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.
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Hydrocarbonate (?), n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.
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Hydrocarbostyril (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C9H9NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.
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Hydrocarburet (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also, a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]
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Hydrocaulus (?), n.; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. ydwr water + � a stalk.] (Zoöl.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of and .
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Hydrocele (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. �; ydwr water + � tumor.] (Med.) A collection of serous fluid in the areolar texture of the scrotum or in the coverings, especially in the serous sac, investing the testicle or the spermatic cord; dropsy of the testicle.
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Hydrocephalic (?), a. Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.
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Hydrocephaloid (?), a. [Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus.
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Coloq. Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.
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Hydrocephalous (?), a. Having hydrocephalus. “Hydrocephalous offspring.” G. Eliot.
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Hydrocephalus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � hydrocephalus; ydwr water + � head.] (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.
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Hydrochlorate (?), n. (Chem.) Same as .
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Hydrochloric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + chloric: cf. F. hydrochlorique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or compounded of, chlorine and hydrogen gas; as, hydrochloric acid; chlorhydric.
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Coloq. Hydrochloric acid (Chem.), hydrogen chloride; a colorless, corrosive gas, HCl, of pungent, suffocating odor. It is made in great quantities in the soda process, by the action of sulphuric acid on common salt. It has a great affinity for water, and the commercial article is a strong solution of the gas in water. It is a typical acid, and is an indispensable agent in commercial and general chemical work. Called also muriatic acid and chlorhydric acid.
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Hydrochloride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; -- distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.
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Hydrocorallia (?), n. pl. [NL. See , and .] (Zoöl.) A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See .
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Hydrocyanate (?), n. (Chem.) See .
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Hydrocyanic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + anic: cf. F. hydrocyanique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from the combination of, hydrogen and cyanogen.
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Coloq. Hydrocyanic acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HCN, having a characteristic peach-blossom odor. It is one of the most deadly poisons. It is made by the action of sulphuric acid on yellow prussiate of potassium (potassium ferrocyanide), and chemically resembles hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. Called also prussic acid, hydrogen cyanide, etc.
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Hydrocyanide (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; -- distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines.

{ Hydrodynamic (?), Hydrodynamical (?), } a. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, -ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power.
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Coloq. Hydrodynamic friction , friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.
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Hydrodynamics (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids.
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☞ The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See .
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Hydrodynamometer (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + dynamometer.] An instrument to measure the velocity of a liquid current by the force of its impact.
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Hydro-electric (?), a. [Hydro-, 1 + electric.] Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used.
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Coloq. Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.
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Hydro-extractor (?), n. [Hydro-, 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.
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Hydroferricyanic (?), n. [Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferricyanic acid. See .
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Hydroferrocyanic (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + ferrocyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferrous iron, and cyanogen; as, hydroferrocyanic acid. See .
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Hydrofluate (?), n. (Chem.) A supposed compound of hydrofluoris acid and a base; a fluoride. [Archaic]
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Hydrofluoric (?), a. [Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as, hydrofluoric acid.
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Coloq. Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.
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