Institute - Insulate

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Institute (ĭnstĭtūt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instituted (ĭnstĭtūtĕd); p. pr. & vb. n. Instituting.]
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1. To set up; to establish; to ordain; as, to institute laws, rules, etc.
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2. To originate and establish; to found; to organize; as, to institute a court, or a society.
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Whenever any from of government becomes destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government. Jefferson (Decl. of Indep. ).
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3. To nominate; to appoint. [Obs.]
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We institute your Grace
To be our regent in these parts of France. Shak.
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4. To begin; to commence; to set on foot; as, to institute an inquiry; to institute a suit.
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And haply institute
A course of learning and ingenious studies. Shak.
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5. To ground or establish in principles and rudiments; to educate; to instruct. [Obs.]
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If children were early instituted, knowledge would insensibly insinuate itself. Dr. H. More.
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6. (Eccl. Law) To invest with the spiritual charge of a benefice, or the care of souls. Blackstone.

Syn. -- To originate; begin; commence; establish; found; erect; organize; appoint; ordain.
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Institute, n. [L. institutum: cf. F. institut. See , v. t. & a.]
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1. The act of instituting; institution. [Obs.] “Water sanctified by Christ's institute.” Milton.
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2. That which is instituted, established, or fixed, as a law, habit, or custom. Glover.
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3. Hence: An elementary and necessary principle; a precept, maxim, or rule, recognized as established and authoritative; usually in the plural, a collection of such principles and precepts; esp., a comprehensive summary of legal principles and decisions; as, the Institutes of Justinian; Coke's Institutes of the Laws of England. Cf. , n.
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They made a sort of institute and digest of anarchy. Burke.
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To make the Stoics' institutes thy own. Dryden.
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4. An institution; a society established for the promotion of learning, art, science, etc.; a college; as, the Institute of Technology; The Massachusetts Institute of Technology; also, a building owned or occupied by such an institute; as, the Cooper Institute.
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5. (Scots Law) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation. Tomlins.
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Coloq. Institutes of medicine , theoretical medicine; that department of medical science which attempts to account philosophically for the various phenomena of health as well as of disease; physiology applied to the practice of medicine. Dunglison.
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Instituter (?), n. An institutor. [R.]
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Institution (?), n. [L. institutio: cf. F. institution.]
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1. The act or process of instituting; as: (a) Establishment; foundation; enactment; as, the institution of a school.
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The institution of God's law is described as being established by solemn injunction. Hooker.

(b) Instruction; education. [Obs.] Bentley. (c) (Eccl. Law) The act or ceremony of investing a clergyman with the spiritual part of a benefice, by which the care of souls is committed to his charge. Blackstone.
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2. That which instituted or established; as: (a) Established order, method, or custom; enactment; ordinance; permanent form of law or polity.
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The nature of our people,
Our city's institutions. Shak.

(b) An established or organized society or corporation; an establishment, especially of a public character, or affecting a community; a foundation; as, a literary institution; a charitable institution; also, a building or the buildings occupied or used by such organization; as, the Smithsonian Institution. (c) Anything forming a characteristic and persistent feature in social or national life or habits.
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We ordered a lunch (the most delightful of English institutions, next to dinner) to be ready against our return. Hawthorne.
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3. That which institutes or instructs; a textbook; a system of elements or rules; an institute. [Obs.]
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There is another manuscript, of above three hundred years old, . . . being an institution of physic. Evelyn.
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Institutional (?), a. 1. Pertaining to, or treating of, an institution or institutions; as, institutional legends.
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Institutional writers as Rousseau. J. S. Mill.
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2. Instituted by authority.
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3. Elementary; rudimental.
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Institutionary (?), a. 1. Relating to an institution, or institutions.
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2. Containing the first principles or doctrines; elemental; rudimentary.
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Institutist (?), n. A writer or compiler of, or a commentator on, institutes. [R.] Harvey.
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Institutive (?), a. 1. Tending or intended to institute; having the power to establish. Barrow.
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2. Established; depending on, or characterized by, institution or order. “Institutive decency.” Milton.
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Institutively adv. In conformity with an institution. Harrington.
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Institutor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. instituteur.]
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1. One who institutes, founds, ordains, or establishes.
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2. One who educates; an instructor. [Obs.] Walker.
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3. (Episcopal Church) A presbyter appointed by the bishop to institute a rector or assistant minister over a parish church.
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Instop (?), v. t. To stop; to close; to make fast; as, to instop the seams. [Obs.] Dryden.
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Instore (?), v. t. [See , .] To store up; to inclose; to contain. [Obs.] Wyclif.
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Instratified (?), a. Interstratified.
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Instroke (?), n. An inward stroke; specif., in a steam or other engine, a stroke in which the piston is moving away from the crank shaft; -- opposed to outstroke.
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Instruct (?), a. [L. instructus, p. p. of instruere to furnish, provide, construct, instruct; pref. in- in, on + struere. See .] 1. Arranged; furnished; provided. [Obs.] “He had neither ship instruct with oars, nor men.” Chapman.
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2. Instructed; taught; enlightened. [Obs.] Milton.
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Instruct (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Instructed; p. pr. & vb. n. Instructing.]
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1. To put in order; to form; to prepare. [Obs.]
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They speak to the merits of a cause, after the proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a hearing. Ayliffe.
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2. To form by communication of knowledge; to inform the mind of; to impart knowledge or information to; to enlighten; to teach; to discipline.
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Schoolmasters will I keep within my house,
Fit to instruct her youth. Shak.
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3. To furnish with directions; to advise; to direct; to command; as, the judge instructs the jury.
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She, being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John Baptist's head in a charger. Matt. xiv. 8.
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Take her in; instruct her what she has to do. Shak.

Syn. -- To teach; educate; inform; train; discipline; indoctrinate; direct; enjoin.
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Instructer (?), n. See .
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Instructible (?), a. Capable of being instructed; teachable; docible. Bacon.
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Instruction (?), n. [L. instructio: cf. F. instruction.]
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1. The act of instructing, teaching, or furnishing with knowledge; information.
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2. That which instructs, or with which one is instructed; the intelligence or information imparted; as: (a) Precept; information; teachings. (b) Direction; order; command. “If my instructions may be your guide.” Shak.

3. (Computers) a segment of coded data that is interpreted by a computer as a command to perform an operation or series of operations. The term instruction is applied to both the electronic form of the data as represented in and executed by the computer, and to any line of written computer code which is interpreted as one instruction by a compiler. A is comprised of one or more instructions. Instructions as contained in a program are formulated in a , which may be an , in which one instruction corresponds to one command executed by the coputer, or in a , in which one instruction may represent one of many instructions in . Higher-level programming languages include, for example, FORTRAN, ALGOL, ADA, C, C++, COBOL, and JAVA; each of these languages have their own distinctive set of allowable instructions.
Syn. -- command, statement, line of code, program line.
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Syn. -- Education; teaching; indoctrination; information; advice; counsel. See .
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Instructional (?), a. Pertaining to, or promoting, instruction; educational.
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Instructive (?), a. [Cf. F. instructif.] Conveying knowledge; serving to instruct or inform; as, experience furnishes very instructive lessons. Addison.
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In various talk the instructive hours they past. Pope.

-- Instructively, adv. -- Instructiveness, n.
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The pregnant instructiveness of the Scripture. Boyle.
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Instructor (?), n. [L., a preparer: cf. F. instructeur.] [Written also instructer.] One who instructs; one who imparts knowledge to another; a teacher.
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instructorship n. the office or position of an instructor.
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Instructress (?), n. A woman who instructs; a preceptress; a governess. Johnson.
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Instrument (?), n. [F. instrument, L. instrumentum. See .]
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1. That by means of which any work is performed, or result is effected; a tool; a utensil; an implement; a device; as, the instruments of a mechanic; astronomical instruments.
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All the lofty instruments of war. Shak.
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2. A contrivance or implement, by which musical sounds are produced; as, a musical instrument.
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Praise him with stringed instruments and organs. Ps. cl. 4.
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But signs when songs and instruments he hears. Dryden.
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3. (Law) A writing, as the means of giving formal expression to some act; a writing expressive of some act, contract, process, as a deed, contract, writ, etc. Burrill.
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4. One who, or that which, is made a means, or is caused to serve a purpose; a medium, means, or agent; as, their army was primarily an instrument of oppression.
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Or useful serving man and instrument,
To any sovereign state. Shak.
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The bold are but the instruments of the wise. Dryden.

Syn. -- Tool; implement; utensil; machine; apparatus; channel; agent.
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Instrument (?), v. t. 1. To perform upon an instrument; to prepare for an instrument; as, a sonata instrumented for orchestra.
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2. To furnish or equip with instruments; to attach instruments to; as, the fighter planes were heavily instrumented; the patient was instrumented to monitor him remotely.
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Instrumental (?), a. [Cf. F. instrumental.]
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1. Acting as an instrument; serving as a means; contributing to promote; conductive; helpful; serviceable; as, he was instrumental in conducting the business.
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The head is not more native to the heart,
The hand more instrumental to the mouth. Shak.
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2. (Mus.) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for, an instrument, esp. a musical instrument; as, instrumental music, distinguished from vocal music. “He defended the use of instrumental music in public worship.” Macaulay.
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Sweet voices mix'd with instrumental sounds. Dryden.
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3. (Gram.) Applied to a case expressing means or agency; as, the instrumental case. This is found in Sanskrit and Russian as a separate case, but in Greek it was merged into the dative, and in Latin into the ablative. In Old English it was a separate case, but has disappeared, leaving only a few anomalous forms.
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Coloq. Instrumental errors , those errors in instrumental measurements, etc., which arise, exclusively from lack of mathematical accuracy in an instrument.
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Instrumentalism (?), n. (Philos.) The view that the sanction of truth is its utility, or that truth is genuine only in so far as it is a valuable instrument. -- Instrumentalist, n.

Instrumentalism views truth as simply the value belonging to certain ideas in so far as these ideas are biological functions of our organisms, and psychological functions whereby we direct our choices and attain our successes. Josiah Royce.
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Instrumentalist, n. One who plays upon an instrument of music, as distinguished from a vocalist.
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Instrumentality (?), n.; pl. Instrumentalities (�). The quality or condition of being instrumental; that which is instrumental; anything used as a means; medium; agency.
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The instrumentality of faith in justification. Bp. Burnet.
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The discovery of gunpowder developed the science of attack and defense in a new instrumentality. J. H. Newman.
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Instrumentally (?), adv. 1. By means of an instrument or agency; as means to an end. South.
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They will argue that the end being essentially beneficial, the means become instrumentally so. Burke.
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2. With instruments of music; as, a song instrumentally accompanied. Mason.
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Instrumentalness, n. Usefulness or agency, as means to an end; instrumentality. [R.] Hammond.
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Instrumentary (?), a. Instrumental. [R.]
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Instrumentation (?), n. 1. The act of using or adapting as an instrument; a series or combination of instruments; means; agency.
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Otherwise we have no sufficient instrumentation for our human use or handling of so great a fact. H. Bushnell.

2. (Mus.) (a) The arrangement of a musical composition for performance by a number of different instruments; orchestration; instrumental composition; composition for an orchestra or military band. (b) The act or manner of playing upon musical instruments; performance; as, his instrumentation is perfect.

3. The act of using instruments to measure or control the behavior of an object, as a patient in a hospital or a machine being tested while under development.
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4. The act of furnishing or attaching instruments to/
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5. The set of instruments included in a system; as, a harvester with modern instrumentation.
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instrumented (?), a. Having instruments attached for the purpose of measuring conditions while under observation; -- said of a person under medical observation or a machine whose performance is being tested.
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Instrumentist (?), n. A performer on a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.
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Instyle (?), v. t. To style. [Obs.] Crashaw.
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Insuavity (?), n. [L. insuavitas: cf. F. insuavité. See not, and .] Lack of suavity; unpleasantness. [Obs.] Burton.
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Insubjection (?), n. Lack of subjection or obedience; a state of disobedience, as to government.
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Insubmergible (?), a. Not capable of being submerged; buoyant. [R.]
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Insubmission (?), n. Lack of submission; disobedience; noncompliance.
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Insubordinate (?), a. Not submitting to authority; disobedient; rebellious; mutinous.
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Insubordination (?), n. [Cf. F. insubordination.] The quality of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority.
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Insubstantial (?), a. Unsubstantial; not real or strong. “Insubstantial pageant.” [R.] Shak.
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Insubstantiality (?), n. Unsubstantiality; unreality. [R.]
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Insuccation (?), n. [L. insucare, insucatum, to soak in; pref. in- + succus, sucus, sap.] The act of soaking or moistening; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. [Obs.] Coxe.
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The medicating and insuccation of seeds. Evelyn.
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Insuccess (?), n. Lack of success. [R.] Feltham.
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Insue (?), v. i. See , v. i.
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Insuetude (?), n. [L. insuetudo, from insuetus unaccustomed; pref. in- not + suetus, p. p. of suescere to be accustomed.] The state or quality of being unaccustomed; absence of use or habit.
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Absurdities are great or small in proportion to custom or insuetude. Landor.
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Insufferable (?), a. 1. Incapable of being suffered, borne, or endured; insupportable; unendurable; intolerable; as, insufferable heat, cold, or pain; insufferable wrongs. Locke.
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2. Offensive beyond endurance; detestable.
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A multitude of scribblers who daily pester the world with their insufferable stuff. Dryden.
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Insufferably, adv. In a manner or to a degree beyond endurance; intolerably; as, a blaze insufferably bright; a person insufferably proud.
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Insufficience (?), n. Insufficiency. Shak.
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Insufficiency (?), n. [L. insufficientia: cf. F. insuffisance, whence OE. insuffisance. See .]
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1. The quality or state of being insufficient; lack of sufficiency; deficiency; inadequateness; as, the insufficiency of provisions, of an excuse, etc.
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The insufficiency of the light of nature is, by the light of Scripture, . . . fully supplied. Hooker.
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2. Lack of power or skill; inability; incapacity; incompetency; as, the insufficiency of a man for an office.
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Insufficient (?), a. [L. insufficiens, -entis. See not, and .]
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1. Not sufficient; not enough; inadequate to any need, use, or purpose; as, the provisions are insufficient in quantity, and defective in quality. “Insufficient for His praise.” Cowper.
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2. Wanting in strength, power, ability, capacity, or skill; incompetent; incapable; unfit; as, a person insufficient to discharge the duties of an office.

Syn. -- Inadequate; scanty; incommensurate; unequal; unfit; incompetent; incapable; inefficient.
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Insufficiently, adv. In an insufficient manner or degree; unadequately.
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Insufflate (?), a. [See .] To blow upon; to breath upon or into; to use insufflation upon.
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Insufflation (?), n. [L. insuffatio: cf. F. insuffation. See in, and .] The act of breathing on or into anything; especially: (a) (R. C. Ch.) The breathing upon a person in the sacrament of baptism to symbolize the inspiration of a new spiritual life. (b) (Med.) The act of blowing (a gas, powder, or vapor) into any cavity of the body.
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Insuitable (?), a. Unsuitable. [Obs.] -- Insuitability (#), n. [Obs.]
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Insular (?), a. [L. insularis, fr. insula island: cf. F. insulaire. See .]
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1. Of or pertaining to an island; of the nature, or possessing the characteristics, of an island; as, an insular climate, fauna, etc.
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2. Of or pertaining to the people of an island; narrow; circumscribed; illiberal; contracted; as, insular habits, opinions, or prejudices.
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The penury of insular conversation. Johnson.
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Insular, n. An islander. [R.] Berkeley.
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insularism n. the state of being insulated.
Syn. -- insulation, insularity, detachment.
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Insularity (?), n. [Cf. F. insularité.]
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1. The state or quality of being an island or consisting of islands; insulation.
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The insularity of Britain was first shown by Agricola, who sent his fleet round it. Pinkerton.
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2. Narrowness or illiberality of opinion; prejudice; exclusiveness; as, the insularity of the Chinese or of the aristocracy.
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Insularly (?), adv. In an insular manner.
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Insulary (?), a. Insular. [Obs.] Howell.
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Insulate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Insulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Insulating (?).] [L. insulatus insulated, fr. insula island. See , and cf. .]
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1. To make an island of. [Obs.] Pennant.
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2. To place in a detached situation, or in a state having no communication with surrounding objects; to isolate; to separate.
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3. (Elec. & Thermotics) To prevent the transfer of electricity or heat to or from (bodies) by the interposition of nonconductors.
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Coloq. Insulating stool (Elec.), a stool with legs of glass or some other nonconductor of electricity, used for insulating a person or any object placed upon it.
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