Judean - Jugum

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Judean (j�dē�n), a. [L. Judaeus. See .] Of or pertaining to Judea. -- n. A native of Judea; a Jew.
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Judeo-Christian adj. having origins in both Judaism and Christianity; of or pertaining to Christianity; as, the Judeo-Christian tradition.
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Judge (jŭj), n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See , v. i.]
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1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose.
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The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. Bacon.
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2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic.
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A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. Dryden.
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3. A person appointed to decide in a trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race.
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4. (Jewish Hist.) One of the supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years.
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5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges.
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Coloq. Judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. -- Coloq. Judge-Advocate General , in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.

Syn. -- , , , . A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court.
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Judge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged (jŭjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See , a., and , and cf. .]
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1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence.
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The Lord judge between thee and me. Gen. xvi. 5.
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Father, who art judge
Of all things made, and judgest only right! Milton.
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2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See , v. t., 3.
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Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. Shak.
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3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about.
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Judge not according to the appearance. John vii. 24.
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She is wise if I can judge of her. Shak.
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Judge, v. t. 1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. “Chaos [shall] judge the strife.” Milton.
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2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom.
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God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. Eccl. iii. 7.
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To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness,
And to be judged by him. Shak.
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3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward.
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Judge not, that ye be not judged. Matt. vii. 1.
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4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon.
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If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. Acts xvi. 15.
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5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.]
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Make us a king to judge us. 1 Sam. viii. 5.
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Judge-made, a. Created by judges or judicial decision; -- applied esp. to law applied or established by the judicial interpretation of statutes so as extend or restrict their scope, as to meet new cases, to provide new or better remedies, etc., and often used opprobriously of acts of judicial interpretation considered as doing this. Judge-made law is contrasted with statutory law and civil law.
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The law of the 13th century was judge-made law in a fuller and more literal sense than the law of any succeeding century has been. Sir Frederick Pollock.
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Judger (?), n. One who judges. Sir K. Digby.
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judgeship (?), n. The office or position of a judge.
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judging n. The cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions.
Syn. -- judgment, judgement.
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Judgment (?), n. [OE. jugement, F. jugement, LL. judicamentum, fr. L. judicare. See , v. i.]
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1. The act of judging; the operation of the mind, involving comparison and discrimination, by which a knowledge of the values and relations of things, whether of moral qualities, intellectual concepts, logical propositions, or material facts, is obtained; as, by careful judgment he avoided the peril; by a series of wrong judgments he forfeited confidence.
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I oughte deme, of skilful jugement,
That in the salte sea my wife is deed. Chaucer.
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2. The power or faculty of performing such operations (see 1); esp., when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely; good sense; as, a man of judgment; a politician without judgment.
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He shall judge thy people with righteousness and thy poor with judgment. Ps. lxxii. 2.
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Hernia. I would my father look'd but with my eyes.
Theseus. Rather your eyes must with his judgment look. Shak.
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3. The conclusion or result of judging; an opinion; a decision.
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She in my judgment was as fair as you. Shak.
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Who first his judgment asked, and then a place. Pope.
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4. The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge; the mandate or sentence of God as the judge of all.
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In judgments between rich and poor, consider not what the poor man needs, but what is his own. Jer. Taylor.
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Most heartily I do beseech the court
To give the judgment. Shak.
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5. (Philos.) (a) That act of the mind by which two notions or ideas which are apprehended as distinct are compared for the purpose of ascertaining their agreement or disagreement. See 1. The comparison may be threefold: (1) Of individual objects forming a concept. (2) Of concepts giving what is technically called a judgment. (3) Of two judgments giving an inference. Judgments have been further classed as analytic, synthetic, and identical. (b) That power or faculty by which knowledge dependent upon comparison and discrimination is acquired. See 2.
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A judgment is the mental act by which one thing is affirmed or denied of another. Sir W. Hamilton.
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The power by which we are enabled to perceive what is true or false, probable or improbable, is called by logicians the faculty of judgment. Stewart.
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6. A calamity regarded as sent by God, by way of recompense for wrong committed; a providential punishment. “Judgments are prepared for scorners.” Prov. xix. 29. “This judgment of the heavens that makes us tremble.” Shak.
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7. (Theol.) The final award; the last sentence.
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☞ Judgment, abridgment, acknowledgment, and lodgment are in England sometimes written, judgement, abridgement, acknowledgement, and lodgement.
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☞ Judgment is used adjectively in many self-explaining combinations; as, judgment hour; judgment throne.
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Coloq. Judgment day (Theol.), the last day, or period when final judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God's moral government. -- Coloq. Judgment debt (Law), a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order. -- Coloq. Judgment hall , a hall where courts are held. -- Coloq. Judgment seat , the seat or bench on which judges sit in court; hence, a court; a tribunal. “We shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ.” Rom. xiv. 10. -- Coloq. Judgment summons (Law), a proceeding by a judgment creditor against a judgment debtor upon an unsatisfied judgment.
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Coloq. Arrest of judgment . (Law) See under , n. -- Coloq. Judgment of God , a term formerly applied to extraordinary trials of secret crimes, as by arms and single combat, by ordeal, etc.; it being imagined that God would work miracles to vindicate innocence. See under .

Syn. -- Discernment; decision; determination; award; estimate; criticism; taste; discrimination; penetration; sagacity; intelligence; understanding. See .
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judgmental adj. 1. depending on judgment; as, a judgmental error.
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2. Inclined to make moral judgements about the behavior of people; -- contrasted with an inclination not to judge the moral qualities of others. Opposite of nonjudgmental. [Narrower terms: faultfinding(prenominal) ]
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judgship n. Same as ; -- a variant spelling.
Syn. -- judgeship, judicature.
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Judicable (?), a. [L. judicabilis. See , v. i.] Capable of being judged; capable of being tried or decided upon. Jer. Taylor.
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Judicative (?), a. Having power to judge; judicial; as, the judicative faculty. Hammond.
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Judicatory (?), a. [L. judicatorius.] Pertaining to the administration of justice; dispensing justice; judicial; as, judicatory tribunals. T. Wharton.
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Power to reject in an authoritative or judicatory way. Bp. Hall.
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Judicatory (277), n. [L. judicatorium.]
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1. A court of justice; a tribunal. Milton.
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2. Administration of justice.
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The supreme court of judicatory. Clarendon.
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Judicature (?; 135), n. [F., fr. LL. judicatura.]
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1. The state or profession of those employed in the administration of justice; also, the dispensing or administration of justice.
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The honor of the judges in their judicature is the king's honor. Bacon.
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2. A court of justice; a judicatory. South.
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3. The right of judicial action; jurisdiction; extent jurisdiction of a judge or court.
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Our Savior disputes not here the judicature, for that was not his office, but the morality, of divorce. Milton.
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Judicial (?), a. [L. judicialis, fr. judicium judgment, fr. judex judge: cf. OF. judicial. See .]
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1. Pertaining or appropriate to courts of justice, or to a judge; practiced or conformed to in the administration of justice; sanctioned or ordered by a court; as, judicial power; judicial proceedings; a judicial sale. “Judicial massacres.” Macaulay.
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Not a moral but a judicial law, and so was abrogated. Milton.
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2. Fitted or apt for judging or deciding; as, a judicial mind; judicial temperament.
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3. Belonging to the judiciary, as distinguished from legislative, administrative, or executive. See .
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4. Judicious. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
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Judicially, adv. In a judicial capacity or judicial manner. “The Lords . . . sitting judicially.” Macaulay.
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Judiciary (?; 277), a. [L. judiciarius, fr. judicium judgment: cf. F. judiciare. See .] Of or pertaining to courts of judicature, or legal tribunals; judicial; as, a judiciary proceeding. Bp. Burnet.
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Judiciary, n. [Cf. LL. judiciaria, F. judiciaire.] That branch of government in which judicial power is vested; the system of courts of justice in a country; the judges, taken collectively; as, an independent judiciary; the senate committee on the judiciary.
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Judicious (?), a. [F. judicieux, fr. L. judicium judgment. See .] Of or relating to a court; judicial. [Obs.]
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His last offenses to us
Shall have judicious hearing. Shak.
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2. Directed or governed by sound judgment; having sound judgment; wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet.
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He is noble, wise, judicious, and best knows
The fits o' the season. Shak.

Syn. -- Prudent; discreet; rational; wise; skillful; discerning; sagacious; well-advised.
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Judiciously, adv. In a judicious manner; with good judgment; wisely.
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Judiciousness, n. The quality or state of being judicious; sagacity; sound judgment.
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judo n. a sport adapted from jujitsu, originally a method of self-defense without weapons, and similar to wrestling; it was developed in Japan.
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Jug (jŭg), n. [Prob. fr. Jug, a corruption of, or nickname for, Joanna; cf. 2d Jack, and Jill. See .]
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1. A vessel, usually of coarse earthenware, with a swelling belly and narrow mouth, and having a handle on one side.
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2. A pitcher; a ewer. [Eng.]
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3. A prison; a jail; a lockup. [Slang] Gay.
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4. (pl.) A woman's breasts; as, nice jugs. [vulgar slang]
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Jug (jŭg), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugged (jŭgd); p. pr. & vb. n. Jugging (jŭggĭng).]
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1. To seethe or stew, as in a jug or jar placed in boiling water; as, to jug a hare.
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2. To commit to jail; to imprison. [Slang]
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Jug, v. i. (Zoöl.) 1. To utter a sound resembling this word, as certain birds do, especially the nightingale.
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2. To nestle or collect together in a covey; -- said of quails and partridges.
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Jugal (?), a. [L. jugalis, fr. jugum yoke.]
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1. Relating to a yoke, or to marriage. [Obs.]
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2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the malar, or cheek bone.
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Jugata (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl. of L. jugatus, p. p. of jugare to join.] (Numis.) The figures of two heads on a medal or coin, either side by side or joined.
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Jugated (?), a. (Bot.) Coupled together.
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Juge (?), n. A judge. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jugement (?), n. Judgment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Juger (?), n. [L. jugerum.] A Roman measure of land, measuring 28,800 square feet, or 240 feet in length by 120 in breadth.
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Jugger (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian falcon. See .
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Juggernaut (?), n. [Skr. jagannātha lord of the world.] 1. One of the names under which Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, is worshiped by the Hindus. See also . [Written also Juggernnath, Jaganath, Jagannath, Jaganatha, Jagannatha, etc.]
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☞ The principal seat of the worship of Juggernaut (Jagannath) is at Pûri in Orissa. At certain times the idol is drawn from the temple by the multitude, on a high car with sixteen wheels. The idol is considered to contain the bones of Krishna and to possess a soul. The principal festivals are the Snanayatra, when the idol is bathed, and the Rathayatra, when the image is drawn upon a car adorned with obscene paintings. Formerly it was erroneously supposed that fanatical devotees threw themselves under the wheels of this car, to be crushed as a sacrifice to the god. It is now known that any death within the temple of Jagannath is considered to render the place unclean, and any spilling of blood in the presence of the idol is a pollution. As a result of this erroneous belief, however, the word is now used principally in the figurative sense 2.
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2. Any large, unstoppable force, power, or popular movement which defeats or destroys any person who gets in its way or attempts to stop it; as, for years the Notre Dame football team was an unstoppable juggernaut; after the early primaries, Johnson's campaign became a juggernaut, crushing all rivals.
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Juggle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Juggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Juggling (?).] [OE. juglen; cf. OF. jogler, jugler, F. jongler. See .]
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1. To play tricks by sleight of hand; to cause amusement and sport by tricks of skill; to conjure; especially, to maintian several objects in the air at one time by tossing them up with one hand, catching them with the other hand, and passing them from the catching to the tossing hand.
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2. To practice artifice or imposture.
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Be these juggling fiends no more believed. Shak.
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Juggle, v. t. 1. To deceive by trick or artifice.
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Is't possible the spells of France should juggle
Men into such strange mysteries? Shak.
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2. To maintain (several objects) in continuous motion in the air at one time by tossing them up with one hand, catching them with the other hand, and passing them from the catching to the tossing hand; variations on this basic motion are also used. Also used figuratively: see senses 3 and 4.
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3. To alter (financial records) secretly for the purpose of theft or deception; as, to juggle the accounts. [Colloq.]
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4. To arrange the performance two tasks or responsibilities at alternate times, so as to be able to do both; as, to juggle the responsibilities of a job and a mother
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Juggle, n. 1. A trick by sleight of hand.
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2. An imposture; a deception. Tennyson.
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A juggle of state to cozen the people. Tillotson.
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3. A block of timber cut to a length, either in the round or split. Knight.
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Juggler (?), n. [OE. jogelour, juglur, OF. jogleor, jugleor, jongleor, F. jongleur, fr. L. joculator a jester, joker, fr. joculus a little jest or joke, dim. of jocus jest, joke. See , and cf. , .]
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1. One who juggles; one who practices or exhibits tricks by sleight of hand; one skilled in legerdemain; a conjurer. [Archaic] This sense is now expressed by magician or conjurer.
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As nimble jugglers that deceive the eye. Shak.
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Jugglers and impostors do daily delude them. Sir T. Browne.
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2. A deceiver; a cheat. Shak.
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3. A person who juggles objects, i. e. who maintains several objects in the air by passing them in turn from one hand to another.
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Juggleress, n. 1. A female juggler. T. Warton.
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Jugglery (?), n. [OE. & OF. joglerie, F. jonglerie.]
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1. The art or act of a juggler; sleight of hand.
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2. Trickery; imposture; as, political jugglery.
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Juggling (?), a. Cheating; tricky. -- Jugglingly, adv.
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Juggling, n. [p. pr. from , v. t.] 1. Jugglery; underhand practice.
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2. The act or process of keeping several objects in the air at one time by tossing them with the hands. See v. t., senses 2, 3, and 4.
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Juggs (?), n. pl. See . [Scot.]
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Juglandin (?), n. [L. juglans, -andis, a walnut: cf. F. juglandine.] (Chem.) An extractive matter contained in the juice of the green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia). It is used medicinally as an alterative, and also as a black hair dye.
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Juglandine (?), n. An alkaloid found in the leaves of the walnut (Juglans regia).
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Juglans (?), n. [L., walnut.] (Bot.) A genus of valuable trees, including the true walnut of Europe, and the America black walnut, and butternut.
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Juglone (?), n. [L. juglans the walnut + -one.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance (C10H6O3) resembling quinone, extracted from green shucks of the walnut (Juglans regia); -- called also nucin. Chemically, it is 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthalenedione.
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Jugoslav prop. n. A native or inhabitant of Yugoslavia. [Also spelled Yugoslav.]
Syn. -- Yugoslav, Yugoslavian, Jugoslavian.
[WordNet 1.5]

Jugoslavian prop. n. a native or inhabitant of Yugoslavia. [Also spelled Yugoslavian.]
Syn. -- Yugoslav, Jugoslav, Yugoslavian.
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Jugular (?), a. [L. jugulum the collar bone, which joins together the shoulders and the breast, the throat, akin to jungere to yoke, to join: cf. F. jugulaire. See .]
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1. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the throat or neck; as, the jugular vein. (b) Of or pertaining to the jugular vein; as, the jugular foramen.
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2. (Zoöl.) Having the ventral fins beneath the throat; -- said of certain fishes.
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Jugular, n. [Cf. F. jugulaire. See , a.]
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1. (Anat.) One of the large veins which return the blood from the head to the heart through two chief trunks, an external and an internal, on each side of the neck; -- called also the jugular vein.
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2. (Zoöl.) Any fish which has the ventral fins situated forward of the pectoral fins, or beneath the throat; one of a division of fishes (Jugulares).
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Jugulate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Jugulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Jugulating (?).] [L. jugulatus, p. p. of jugulare, fr. jugulatum. See .] To cut the throat of. [R.] Jacob Bigelow.
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Jugulum (?), n.; pl. Jugula (#). [L.] (Zoöl.) The lower throat, or that part of the neck just above the breast.
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Jugum (jūgŭm), n.; pl. L. Juga (jūgȧ), E. Jugums (#). [L., a yoke, ridge.] (Bot.) (a) One of the ridges commonly found on the fruit of umbelliferous plants. (b) A pair of the opposite leaflets of a pinnate plant.
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