Junk - Justice

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Junk (jŭṉk), n. A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See . [Colloq.] Lowell.
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Junk, n. [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages. Cf. .]
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1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships.
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2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by junk dealers.
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3. Hence: Something worthless, or only worth its value as recyclable scrap.
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4. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships.
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Coloq. Junk bottle , a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass. -- Coloq. Junk dealer , a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc. -- Coloq. Junk hook (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck. -- Coloq. Junk ring . (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place; (c) A follower. -- Coloq. Junk shop , a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale. -- Coloq. Junk vat (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan liquor or ooze is pumped. -- Coloq. Junk wad (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in firing hot shot.
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Junk, n. [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin. chwan.] (Naut.) A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, etc., in navigating their waters.
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junked adj. same as . Contrasted with kept, retained, and saved.
Syn. -- cast-off(prenominal), discarded, scrap(prenominal), waste.
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Junker (?), n. [G. Cf. .] A young German noble or squire; esp., a member of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
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Junkerism (?), n. The principles of the aristocratic party in Prussia.
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Junket (?), n. [Formerly also juncate, fr. It. giuncata cream cheese, made in a wicker or rush basket, fr. L. juncus a rush. See 2d , and cf. .]
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1. A cheese cake; a sweetmeat; any delicate food.
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How Faery Mab the junkets eat. Milton.
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Victuals varied well in taste,
And other junkets. Chapman.
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2. A feast; an entertainment.
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A new jaunt or junket every night. Thackeray.
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3. A trip made at the expense of an organization of which the traveller is an official, ostensibly to obtain information relevant to one's duties; especially, a trip made by a public official at government expense. The term is sometimes used opprobriously, from a belief that such trips are often taken for private pleasure, and are therefore a waste of public money; as, a congressional junket to a tropical country.
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Junket, v. i. To feast; to banquet; to make an entertainment; -- sometimes applied opprobriously to feasting by public officers at the public cost.
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Job's children junketed and feasted together often. South.
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Junket, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Junketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Junketing.] To give entertainment to; to feast.
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The good woman took my lodgings over my head, and was in such a hurry to junket her neighbors. Walpole.
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Junketing, n. 1. A feast or entertainment; a revel.
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All those snug junketings and public gormandizings for which the ancient magistrates were equally famous with their modern successors. W. Irving.
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The apostle would have no reveling or junketing upon the altar. South.
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2. The act or process of taking a junket{3}.
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Junketries (?), n. pl. Sweetmeats. [Obs.]
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junkyard n. a field where junk is collected and stored for resale.
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Juno (jūn�), n.; pl. Junos (jūn�z). [L.]
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1. (Rom. Myth.) The queen of the Olympian gods, the sister and wife of Jupiter, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera.
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Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. Shak.
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2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids.
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Coloq. Bird of Juno , the peacock.
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Junoesque prop. a. suggestive of a statue.
Syn. -- statuesque.
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Junta (jŭntȧ), n.; pl. Juntas (jŭntȧz). [Sp., fr. L. junctus joined, p. p. of jungere to join. See , and cf. .] 1. A council; a convention; a tribunal; an assembly; esp., the grand council of state in Spain.
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2. A junto.
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3. A small committee or group self-appointed to serve as the government of a country, usually just after a coup d'etat or revolution, and often composed primarily of military men. The term is used mostly in Latin American countries.
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Junto (jŭnt�), n.; pl. Juntos (jŭnt�s). [Sp. junto united. See .] A secret council to deliberate on affairs of government or politics; a number of men combined for party intrigue; a faction; a cabal; as, a junto of ministers; a junto of politicians.
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The puzzling sons of party next appeared,
In dark cabals and mighty juntos met. Thomson.
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Jupartie (?), n. Jeopardy. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jupati palm (?). (Bot.) A great Brazilian palm tree (Raphia tædigera), used by the natives for many purposes.
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Jupe (?), n. Same as .
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Jupiter (?), n. [L., fr. Jovis pater. See .]
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1. (Rom. Myth.) The supreme deity, king of gods and men, and reputed to be the son of Saturn and Rhea; Jove. He corresponds to the Greek Zeus.
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2. (Astron.) One of the planets, being the fifth from the sun, the brightest except Venus, and the largest of them all, its mean radius being about 43,345 miles (69,758 kilometers), almost exactly one-tenth that of the sun. It revolves about the sun in 4,332.6 days, at a mean distance of 5.2025 from the sun (778,140,000 km), the earth's mean distance (the astronomical unit) being taken as unity. It has a mass of 1.901 x 1027 kg, about one-thousandth that of the sun, and more than the remainder of the planets combined. It has an average solar day equal to 9.842 earth hours. The rapid revolution causes a noticeable flattening at the poles; the diameter at the equator is 71,370 km, and at the poles 66,644 km. HCP61
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Coloq. Jupiter's beard . (Bot.) (a) A South European herb, with cymes of small red blossoms (Centranthus ruber). (b) The houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum); -- so called from its massive inflorescence, like the sculptured beard of Jove. Prior. (c) the cloverlike Anthyllis Barba-Jovis. -- Coloq. Jupiter's staff (Bot.), the common mullein; -- so called from its long, rigid spike of yellow blossoms.

{ Jupon (?), Juppon (?), } n. [F. jupon, fr. jupe skirt, Sp. aljuba a Moorish garment, Ar. jubba.] [Written variously jupe, jump, juppo, etc.]
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1. A sleeveless jacket worn over the armor in the 14th century. It fitted closely, and descended below the hips. Dryden.
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2. A petticoat. Halliwell.
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Jura (?), prop. n. [F. & L.] 1. A range of mountains between France and Switzerland.
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2. (Geol.) The Jurassic period. See .
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Jural (?), a. [L. jus, juris, right.]
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1. Pertaining to natural or positive right. [R.]
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By the adjective jural we shall denote that which has reference to the doctrine of rights and obligations; as by the adjective “moral” we denote that which has reference to the doctrine of duties. Whewell.
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2. (Law) Of or pertaining to jurisprudence.
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Juramentum (?), n.; pl. Juramenta (�). [L.] (Roman & Old Eng. Law) An oath.
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Jurassic (?), a. (Geol.) Of the age of the middle Mesozoic, about 190 to 140 million years ago, including, as divided in England and Europe, the Lias, Oölite, and Wealden; -- named from certain rocks of the Jura mountains. It was noted for the predominance of dinosaurs on land, and the development of the first birds and mammals. -- n. The Jurassic period or formation; -- called also the Jura.
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Jurat (?), n. [Prov. F. jurat, fr. L. juratus sworn, p. p. of jurare to swear. See , n.]
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1. A person under oath; specifically, an officer of the nature of an alderman, in certain municipal corporations in England. Burrill.
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2. (Law) The memorandum or certificate at the end of an asffidavit, or a bill or answer in chancery, showing when, before whom, and (in English practice), where, it was sworn or affirmed. Wharton. Bouvier.
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Juratory (?), a. [L. juratorius, fr. jurare to swear: cf. F. juratoire.] Relating to or comprising an oath; as, juratory caution. Ayliffe.
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Jura-trias (?), n. (Geol.) A term applied to many American Mesozoic strata, in which the characteristics of the Jurassic and Triassic periods appear to be blended. -- Jura-triassic (#), a.
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Jurdiccion (jŭrdĭksĭŏn), n. Jurisdiction. [Obs.]
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Jurdon (jûrdŏn), prop. n. Jordan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Jurel (?), n. (Zoöl.) A yellow carangoid fish of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (Caranx chrysos), most abundant southward, where it is valued as a food fish; -- called also hardtail, horse crevallé, jack, buffalo jack, skipjack, yellow mackerel, and sometimes, improperly, horse mackerel. Other species of Caranx (as Caranx fallax) are also sometimes called jurel.

{ Juridic (?), Juridical (?), } a. [L. juridicus relating to the administration of justice; jus, juris, right, law + dicare to pronounce: cf. F. juridique. See , a., and .] Pertaining to a judge or to jurisprudence; acting in the distribution of justice; used in courts of law; according to law; legal; as, juridical law. “This juridical sword.” Milton.
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The body corporate of the kingdom, in juridical construction, never dies. Burke.
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Coloq. Juridical days , days on which courts are open.
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Juridically, adv. In a juridical manner.
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Jurisconsult (?), n. [L. jurisconsultus; jus, juris, right + consulere, consultum, to consult: cf. F. jurisconsulte.] (Law) A man learned in the civil law; an expert in juridical science; a professor of jurisprudence; a jurist.
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Jurisdiction (?), n. [L. jurisdictio; jus, juris, right, law + dictio a saying, speaking: cf. OF. jurisdiction, F. juridiction. See , a., and .]
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1. (Law) The legal power, right, or authority of a particular court to hear and determine causes, to try criminals, or to execute justice; judicial authority over a cause or class of causes; as, certain suits or actions, or the cognizance of certain crimes, are within the jurisdiction of a particular court, that is, within the limits of its authority or commission.
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2. The authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislate; the right of making or enforcing laws; the power or right of exercising authority.
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To live exempt
From Heaven's high jurisdiction. Milton.
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You wrought to be a legate; by which power
You maim'd the jurisdiction of all bishops. Shak.
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3. Sphere of authority; the limits within which any particular power may be exercised, or within which a government or a court has authority.
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☞ Jurisdiction, in its most general sense, is the power to make, declare, or apply the law. When confined to the judiciary department, it is what we denominate the judicial power, the right of administering justice through the laws, by the means which the laws have provided for that purpose. Jurisdiction is limited to place or territory, to persons, or to particular subjects. Duponceau.
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Jurisdictional (?), a. [Cf. LL. jurisdictionalis, F. juridictionnel.] Of or pertaining to jurisdiction; as, jurisdictional rights. Barrow.
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Jurisdictive (?), a. Having jurisdiction. Milton.
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Jurisprudence (?), n. [L. jurisprudentia; jus, juris, right, law + prudentia a foreseeing, knowledge of a matter, prudence: cf. F. jurisprudence. See , a., and .] The science of juridical law; the knowledge of the laws, customs, and rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the due administration of justice.
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The talents of Abelard were not confined to theology, jurisprudence, philosophy. J. Warton.
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Coloq. Medical jurisprudence , that branch of juridical law which concerns questions of medicine.
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Jurisprudent (?), a. [See .] Understanding law; skilled in jurisprudence. G. West.
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Jurisprudent, n. [Cf. F. jurisprudent.] One skilled in law or jurisprudence. [R.] De Quincey.
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Jurisprudential (?), a. Of or pertaining to jurisprudence. Stewart.
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Jurist (?), n. [F. juriste, LL. jurista, fr. L. jus, juris, right, law. See , a.] One who professes the science of law; one versed in the law, especially in the civil law, such as a judge, lawyer, or legal scholar; a writer on civil and international law.
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It has ever been the method of public jurists to draw a great part of the analogies on which they form the law of nations from the principles of law which prevail in civil community. Burke.

{ Juristic (?), Juristical (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a jurist, to the legal profession, or to jurisprudence. [R.] “Juristic ancestry.” Lowell.
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Juror (?), n. [F. jureur one who takes oath, L. jurator a swearer, fr. jurare, jurari, to swear. See , n.]
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1. (Law) A member of a jury; a juryman.
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I shall both find your lordship judge and juror. Shak.
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2. A member of any jury for awarding prizes, etc.
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Jury (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) For temporary use; -- applied to a temporary contrivance.
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Coloq. Jury rudder , a rudder constructed for temporary use.
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Jury (?), n.; pl. Juries (#). [OF. jurée an assize, fr. jurer to swear, L. jurare, jurari; akin to jus, juris, right, law. See ,a., and cf. , .]
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1. (Law) A body of people, selected according to law, impaneled and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to render their true verdict according to the evidence legally adduced. In criminal trials the number of such persons is usually twelve, but in civil cases and in grand juries it may different. See Grand jury under , and .
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The jury, passing on the prisoner's life. Shak.
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2. A committee for determining relative merit or awarding prizes at an exhibition or competition; as, the art jury gave him the first prize.
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Coloq. Jury of inquest , a coroner's jury. See .
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Juryman (?), n.; pl. Jurymen (�). One who is impaneled on a jury, or who serves as a juror.
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Jury mast. (a) A temporary mast, in place of one that has been carried away, or broken. (b) (Med.) An apparatus to support the trunk and head in spinal disease.
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Jury-rig (?), v. t. to rig for temporary service; to construct flimsily and in makeshift fashion. See , a.
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jury-rigged (?), a. (Naut.) Rigged for temporary service; done or made using whatever materials are available; makeshift; as, the survivors used jury-rigged fishing gear. See , a.
Syn. -- improvised, makeshift.
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Jussi (?), n. A delicate fiber, produced in the Philippine Islands from an unidentified plant, of which dresses, etc., are made.
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jussive (?), a. (Grammar) Indicating or expressive of a mild command; as, the jussive case. -- n. The jussive case; a jussive mood, form, word, or construction.
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Just (?), a. [F. juste, L. justus, fr. jus right, law, justice; orig., that which is fitting; akin to Skr. yu to join. Cf. , , , .]
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1. Conforming or conformable to rectitude or justice; not doing wrong to any; violating no right or obligation; upright; righteous; honest; true; -- said both of persons and things. “O just but severe law!” Shak.
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There is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. Eccl. vii. 20.
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Just balances, just weights, . . . shall ye have. Lev. xix. 36.
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How should man be just with God? Job ix. 2.
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We know your grace to be a man.
Just and upright. Shak.
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2. Not transgressing the requirement of truth and propriety; conformed to the truth of things, to reason, or to a proper standard; exact; normal; reasonable; regular; due; as, a just statement; a just inference.
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Just of thy word, in every thought sincere. Pope.
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The prince is here at hand: pleaseth your lordship
To meet his grace just distance 'tween our armies. Shak.
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He was a comely personage, a little above just stature. Bacon.
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Fire fitted with just materials casts a constant heat. Jer. Taylor.
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When all
The war shall stand ranged in its just array. Addison.
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Their names alone would make a just volume. Burton.
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3. Rendering or disposed to render to each one his due; equitable; fair; impartial; as, just judge.
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Men are commonly so just to virtue and goodness as to praise it in others, even when they do not practice it themselves. Tillotson.
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Coloq. Just intonation . (Mus.) (a) The correct sounding of notes or intervals; true pitch. (b) The giving all chords and intervals in their purity or their exact mathematical ratio, or without temperament; a process in which the number of notes and intervals required in the various keys is much greater than the twelve to the octave used in systems of temperament. H. W. Poole.

Syn. -- Equitable; upright; honest; true; fair; impartial; proper; exact; normal; orderly; regular.
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Just, adv. 1. Precisely; exactly; -- in place, time, or degree; neither more nor less than is stated.
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And having just enough, not covet more. Dryden.
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The god Pan guided my hand just to the heart of the beast. Sir P. Sidney.
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To-night, at Herne's oak, just 'twixt twelve and one. Shak.
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2. Closely; nearly; almost.
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Just at the point of death. Sir W. Temple.
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3. Barely; merely; scarcely; only; by a very small space or time; as, he just missed the train; just too late.
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A soft Etesian gale
But just inspired and gently swelled the sail. Dryden.
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Coloq. Just now , the least possible time since; a moment ago.
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Just, v. i. [See .] To joust. Fairfax.
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Just, n. A joust. Dryden.
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Justice (jŭstĭs), n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See , a.]
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1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.
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Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. Ps. ixxxix. 11.
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The king-becoming graces,
As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . .
I have no relish of them. Shak.
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2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or of a judgment; historical justice.
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3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives.
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This even-handed justice
Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice
To our own lips. Shak.
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4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a claim.
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