Magnality - Magnitude

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3. (Geol.) (a) The molten matter within the earth, the source of the material of lava flows, dikes of eruptive rocks, etc. (b) The glassy base of an eruptive rock.
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4. (Chem.) The amorphous or homogenous matrix or ground mass, as distinguished from well-defined crystals; as, the magma of porphyry.
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Magna Carta, Magna Charta (?). [L., great charter.] 1. The great Charter, so called, obtained by the English barons from King John, A. D. 1215. This name is also given to the charter granted to the people of England in the ninth year of Henry III., and confirmed by Edward I.
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2. Hence, a fundamental constitution which guaranties rights and privileges.
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Magnality (?), n. [L. magnalis mighty, fr. magnus great.] A great act or event; a great attainment. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
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Magna Mater prop. n. A great nature goddess of ancient Phrygia in Asia Minor; the counterpart of the Greek Rhea and the Roman Ops.
Syn. -- Cybele, Dindymene, Great Mother, Mater Turrita.
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Magnanimity (?), n. [F. magnanimité, L. magnanimitas.] The quality of being magnanimous; greatness of mind; elevation or dignity of soul; that quality or combination of qualities, in character, which enables one to encounter danger and trouble with tranquility and firmness, to disdain injustice, meanness and revenge, and to act and sacrifice for noble objects.
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Magnanimous (?), a.[L. magnanimus; magnus great + animus mind. See , and .] 1. Great of mind; elevated in soul or in sentiment; raised above what is low, mean, or ungenerous; of lofty and courageous spirit; as, a magnanimous character; a magnanimous conqueror.
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Be magnanimous in the enterprise. Shak.
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To give a kingdom hath been thought
Greater and nobler done, and to lay down
Far more magnanimous than to assume. Milton.
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2. Dictated by or exhibiting nobleness of soul; honorable; noble; not selfish.
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Both strived for death; magnanimous debate. Stirling.
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There is an indissoluble union between a magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of public prosperity and felicity. Washington.
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Magnanimously, adv. In a magnanimous manner; with greatness of mind.
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Magnase black (?). (Paint.) A black pigment which dries rapidly when mixed with oil, and is of intense body. Fairholt.
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Magnate (?), [F. magnat, L. (pl.) magnates, magnati, fr. magnus great. See .] 1. A person of rank; a noble or grandee; a person of influence or distinction in any sphere; -- used mostly of prominent business executives; as, an industrial magnate. Macaulay.
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2. One of the nobility, or certain high officers of state belonging to the noble estate in the national representation of Hungary, and formerly of Poland.
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Magnes (?), n. [L.] Magnet. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Magnesia (?; 277), n. [L. Magnesia, fem. of Magnesius of the country Magnesia, Gr. h Magnhsia liqos a magnet. Cf. .] (Chem.) A light earthy white substance, consisting of magnesium oxide (MgO), and obtained by heating magnesium hydrate or carbonate, or by burning magnesium. It has a slightly alkaline reaction, and is used in medicine as a mild antacid laxative. See .
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Coloq. Magnesia alba [L.] (Med. Chem.), a bulky white amorphous substance, consisting of a hydrous basic carbonate of magnesium, and used as a mild cathartic.
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Magnesian (?), a. Pertaining to, characterized by, or containing, magnesia or magnesium.
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Coloq. Magnesian limestone . (Min.) See .
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Magnesic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, magnesium; as, magnesic oxide.
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Magnesite (?), n. [Cf. F. magnésite.] (Min.) Native magnesium carbonate occurring in white compact or granular masses, and also in rhombohedral crystals.
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Magnesium (?), n. [NL. & F. See .] (Chem.) A light silver-white metallic element of atomic number 12, malleable and ductile, quite permanent in dry air but tarnishing in moist air. It burns, forming (the oxide) magnesia, with the production of a blinding light (the so-called magnesium light) which is used in signaling, in pyrotechny, or in photography where a strong actinic illuminant is required. Its compounds occur abundantly, as in dolomite, talc, meerschaum, etc. Symbol Mg. Atomic weight, 24.305. Specific gravity, 1.75.
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Coloq. Magnesium sulphate . (Chem.) Same as .
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magnesium hydroxide n. (Chem.) A slightly alkaline chemical substance, Mg(OH)2, the active principle in the antacid milk of magnesia, also used as a laxative.
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magnesium oxide n. (Chem.) Magnesia.
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Magnet (măgnĕt), n. [OE. magnete, OF. magnete, L. magnes, -etis, Gr. Magnh^tis liqos a magnet, metal that looked like silver, prop., Magnesian stone, fr. Gr. Magnhsia, a country in Thessaly. Cf. , .] 1. The loadstone; a species of iron ore (the ferrosoferric or magnetic ore, Fe3O4) which has the property of attracting iron and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended, of pointing to the poles; -- called also natural magnet.
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Dinocrates began to make the arched roof of the temple of Arsinoë all of magnet, or this loadstone. Holland.
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Two magnets, heaven and earth, allure to bliss,
The larger loadstone that, the nearer this. Dryden.
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2. (Physics) A bar or mass of steel or iron to which the peculiar properties of the loadstone have been imparted; -- called, in distinction from the loadstone, an artificial magnet.
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☞ An artificial magnet, produced by the action of an electrical current, is called an electro-magnet.
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Coloq. Field magnet (Physics & Elec.), a magnet used for producing and maintaining a magnetic field; -- used especially of the stationary or exciting magnet of a dynamo or electromotor in distinction from that of the moving portion or armature.
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{ Magnetic (?), Magnetical (?), } a. [L. magneticus: cf. F. magnétique.] 1. Pertaining to the magnet; possessing the properties of the magnet, or corresponding properties; as, a magnetic bar of iron; a magnetic needle.
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2. Of or pertaining to, or characterized by, the earth's magnetism; as, the magnetic north; the magnetic meridian.
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3. Capable of becoming a magnet; susceptible to magnetism; as, the magnetic metals.
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4. Endowed with extraordinary personal power to excite the feelings and to win the affections; attractive; inducing attachment.
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She that had all magnetic force alone. Donne.
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5. Having, susceptible to, or induced by, animal magnetism, so called; hypnotic; as, a magnetic sleep. See . [Archaic]
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Coloq. Magnetic amplitude , Coloq. attraction , Coloq. dip , Coloq. induction , etc. See under , , etc. -- Coloq. Magnetic battery , a combination of bar or horseshoe magnets with the like poles adjacent, so as to act together with great power. -- Coloq. Magnetic compensator , a contrivance connected with a ship's compass for compensating or neutralizing the effect of the iron of the ship upon the needle. -- Coloq. Magnetic curves , curves indicating lines of magnetic force, as in the arrangement of iron filings between the poles of a powerful magnet. -- Coloq. Magnetic elements . (a) (Chem. Physics) Those elements, as iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, manganese, etc., which are capable or becoming magnetic. (b) (Physics) In respect to terrestrial magnetism, the declination, inclination, and intensity. (c) See under . -- Coloq. Magnetic fluid , the hypothetical fluid whose existence was formerly assumed in the explanations of the phenomena of magnetism; -- no longer considered a meaningful concept. -- Coloq. Magnetic iron , or Coloq. Magnetic iron ore . (Min.) Same as . -- Coloq. Magnetic needle , a slender bar of steel, magnetized and suspended at its center on a sharp-pointed pivot, or by a delicate fiber, so that it may take freely the direction of the magnetic meridian. It constitutes the essential part of a compass, such as the mariner's and the surveyor's. -- Coloq. Magnetic poles , the two points in the opposite polar regions of the earth at which the direction of the dipping needle is vertical. -- Coloq. Magnetic pyrites . See . -- Coloq. Magnetic storm (Terrestrial Physics), a disturbance of the earth's magnetic force characterized by great and sudden changes. -- Coloq. magnetic tape (Electronics), a ribbon of plastic material to which is affixed a thin layer of powder of a material which can be magnetized, such as ferrite. Such tapes are used in various electronic devices to record fluctuating voltages, which can be used to represent sounds, images, or binary data. Devices such as audio casette recorders, videocasette recorders, and computer data storage devices use magnetic tape as an inexpensive medium to store data. Different magnetically susceptible materials are used in such tapes. -- Coloq. Magnetic telegraph , a telegraph acting by means of a magnet. See .
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Magnetic (?), n. 1. A magnet. [Obs.]
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As the magnetic hardest iron draws. Milton.
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2. Any metal, as iron, nickel, cobalt, etc., which may receive, by any means, the properties of the loadstone, and which then, when suspended, fixes itself in the direction of a magnetic meridian.
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Magnetically, adv. By or as by, magnetism.
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Magneticalness, n. Quality of being magnetic.
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magnetic bottle n. (Physics) Any configuration of magnetic fields used to contain a plasma during controlled thermonuclear reactions.
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magnetic compass n. An device using a magnet (such as a magnetic needle) to indicate the direction of magnetic north.
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magnetic declination n. The angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true north; called also magnetic variation.
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magnetic dip n. The angle that a magnetic needle makes with the plane of the horizon.
Syn. -- dip, angle of dip, magnetic inclination, inclination.
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magnetic dipole n. A dipole with opposing magnetic poles.
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magnetic dipole moment n. A physical quantity associated with the magnetic field of a dundamental particle; as, An orbiting electron in an atom will have a magnetic dipole moment.
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magnetic disc, magnetic disk n. A ditical memory device consisting of a flat disk covered with a magnetic coating on which information is stored; a hard disk, floppy disk, and diskette are typically magnetic disks.
Syn. -- disk, disc.
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magnetic equator n. An imaginary line paralleling the equator where a magnetic needle has no dip, the dipping needle being horizontal; called also aclinic line.
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magnetic field n. (Physics) The space around a magnet through which it exerts magnetic force; a field of force surrounding a permanent magnet, electrical current, or a moving charged particle; called also magnetic flux and field of magnetic force.
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magnetic field strength n. The amount of magnetic flux in a unit area perpendicular to the direction of magnetic flow.
Syn. -- magnetic intensity, magnetic induction, magnetic flux density.
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magnetic flux n. 1. A measure of the strength of a magnetic field over a given area.
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2. Same as .
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magnetic flux density n. The amount of magnetic flux in a unit area perpendicular to the direction of magnetic flow.
Syn. -- magnetic field strength, magnetic intensity, magnetic induction.
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magnetic force n. The force caused by a magnetic field, a force which affects objects having a magnetic field and objects in which a magnetic field can be induced, such as ferromagnetic substances; a magnetic force manifests itself as an attraction for iron. It is associated with electric currents and moving charged paticles as well as permanent magnets.
Syn. -- magnetism, magnetic attraction.
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magnetic head n. (Electronics) An electromagnet (as on a tape recorder) that converts electrical variations into magnetic variations that can be stored on a magnetizable surface and later retrieved.
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Magnetician (?), n. One versed in the science of magnetism; a magnetist.
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magnetic inclination n. Same as .
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magnetic induction n. 1. The process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently).
Syn. -- magnetization, magnetisation.
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2. Same as .
Syn. -- magnetic intensity, magnetic flux density.
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magnetic intensity (Physics), n. Same as .
Syn. -- magnetic flux density.
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magnetic iron-ore n. Magnetite.
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magnetic levitation n. The process of supporting an object, such as a vehicle, with a magnetic field so that it does not contact the object supporting it; it is a method used for eliminating friction in moving vehicles, and is used, e.g. in high-speed rail technology where a train is suspended on a magnetic cushion above a magnetized track and so travels free of friction.
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magnetic line of force (Physics), n. A line of force in a magnetic field.
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magnetic meridian (Physics), n. An imaginary line passing through both magnetic poles of the earth.
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magnetic mine n. (Mil.) A marine mine that is detonated by a mechanism that detects the nearness of magnetic material (as the steel hull of a ship). A magnetic counter mine may allow the passagw of several ships before detonating.
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magnetic moment n. The torque exerted on a magnet or dipole when it is placed in a magnetic field.
Syn. -- moment of a magnet.
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magnetic monopole (Physics), a hypothetical subatomic particle having only one type of magnetic charge, the magnetic analogue of an electrically charged particle; it has only one magnetic pole instead of the two observed in all common magnetic object; -- it was still not observed as of 1998.
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magnetic needle n. A slender magnet suspended in a magnetic compass on a low-friction mounting; used to indicate the direction of the earth's magnetic pole.
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magnetic north n. The direction in which the north-pointing end of a compass needle points; at low latitudes it is close to geographic (true) north, but deviates substantially from true north as one nears the north pole.
Syn. -- north, compass north.
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Magneticness, n. Magneticalness. [Obs.]
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magnetic pole n. 1. Either of two points where the lines of force of the earth's magnetic field are vertical.
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2. One of the two ends of a magnet where the magnetic field is strongest.
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magnetic recorder n. A device for making records (of sound, data, etc.) on magnetic media such as magnetic tape or wire.
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magnetic resonance n. (Physics) A phenomenon resulting from quantization in the magnetic field of electrons or atoms or molecules or nuclei exposed to an external magnetic field, by which a narrow frequency band of radio waves may be absorbed and re-emitted by the object.
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magnetic resonance imaging n. (Medicine) a medical diagnostic procedure utilizing the phenomenon of to generate images of internal parts of the body. It depends on the differential absorption of electromagnetic radiation by different types of living tissue in a magnetic field. It is complementary to X-ray imaging in that the softer tissue show more prominently in magnetic resonance images, rather than bone, as with X-rays. It is a non-invasive procedure, allowing such images to be obtained without penetration of the tissue by objects. It is abbreviated MRI. As with , the results are usually presented as images of sequential planar sections of that part of the body of concern to the physician.
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Magnetics (?), n. The science of magnetism.
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magnetic storm n. A sudden disturbance of the earth's magnetic field; caused by emission of particles from the sun.
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magnetic tape n. A long thin plastic ribbon coated with iron oxide or other ferromagnetic material, used to record audio or video signals digital data in the form of small magnetized regions on the tape; it is a common digital data storage medium for computer information.
Syn. -- mag tape, tape.
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magnetic variation n. Same as .
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Magnetiferous (?), a. [L. magnes, -etis + -ferous.] Producing or conducting magnetism.
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Magnetism (?), n. [Cf. F. magnétisme.] The property, quality, or state, of being magnetic; the manifestation of the force in nature which is seen in a magnet. At one time it was believed to be separate from the electrical force, but it is now known to be intimately associated with electricity, as part of the phenomenon of .
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2. The science which treats of magnetic phenomena.
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3. Power of attraction; power to excite the feelings and to gain the affections. “By the magnetism of interest our affections are irresistibly attracted.” Glanvill.
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Coloq. Animal magnetism , Same as , at one time believe to be due to a force more or less analogous to magnetism, which, it was alleged, is produced in animal tissues, and passes from one body to another with or without actual contact. The existence of such a force, and its potentiality for the cure of disease, were asserted by Mesmer in 1775. His theories and methods were afterwards called mesmerism, a name which has been popularly applied to theories and claims not put forward by Mesmer himself. See , , , . -- Coloq. Terrestrial magnetism , the magnetic force exerted by the earth, and recognized by its effect upon magnetized needles and bars.
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Magnetist, n. One versed in magnetism.
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Magnetite (?), n. (Min.) An oxide of iron (Fe3O4) occurring in isometric crystals, also massive, of a black color and metallic luster. It is readily attracted by a magnet and sometimes possesses polarity, being then called loadstone. It is an important iron ore. Called also magnetic iron.
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Magnetizable (?), a. Capable of being magnetized.
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Magnetization (?), n. The act of magnetizing, or the state of being magnetized.
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Magnetize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Magnetized (?); prep. & adv. Magnetizing (?).] [Cf. F. magnétiser.] 1. To communicate magnetic properties to; to make magnetic; as, to magnetize a needle.
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2. To attract as a magnet attracts, or like a magnet; to move; to influence.
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Fascinated, magnetized, as it were, by his character. Motley.
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3. To bring under the influence of animal magnetism.
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Magnetizee (?), n. A person subjected to the influence of animal magnetism. [R.]
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Magnetizer (?), n. One who, or that which, imparts magnetism.
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magneto (măgnēt�), n. A small electric generator with an armature rotating in a magnetic field, having a secondary winding that generates a high voltage, such as one used to generate a voltage sufficient to cause a spark to jump between the poles of a spark plug in an internal-combustion engine.
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Magneto- (?), pref. [See .] A prefix meaning pertaining to, produced by, or in some way connected with, magnetism.
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{ Magneto-electric (?), Magneto-electrical (?), } a. (Physics) Pertaining to, or characterized by, electricity by the action of magnets; as, magneto-electric induction.
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Coloq. Magneto-electric machine , a form of dynamo-electric machine in which the field is maintained by permanent steel magnets instead of electro-magnets.
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Magneto-electricity (?), n. 1. Electricity evolved by the action of magnets.
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2. (Physics) That branch of science which treats of the development of electricity by the action of magnets; -- the counterpart of electro-magnetism.
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Magnetograph (?), n. [Magneto- + -graph.] (Physics) An automatic instrument for registering, by photography or otherwise, the states and variations of any of the terrestrial magnetic elements.
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magnetohydrodynamics (?), n. The study of the interaction of magnetic fields with electrically conductive fluids, such as a plasma or a molten metal.
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Magnetometer (?), n. [Magneto- + -meter: cf. F. magnétomètre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of magnetic forces; also, less frequently, an instrument for determining any of the terrestrial magnetic elements, as the dip and declination.
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Magnetometric (?), a. Pertaining to, or employed in, the measurement of magnetic forces; obtained by means of a magnetometer; as, magnetometric instruments; magnetometric measurements.
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Magnetomotive (?), a. [Magneto- + motive, a.] (Elec.) Pertaining to, or designating, a force producing magnetic flux, analogous to electromotive force, and equal to the magnetic flux multiplied by the magnetic reluctance.
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magnetomotive force n. The force that produces magnetic flux.
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Magnetomotor (?), n. A voltaic series of two or more large plates, producing a great quantity of electricity of low tension, and hence adapted to the exhibition of electro-magnetic phenomena. [R.]
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magneton (?), n. A unit of magnetic moment for a subatomic particle, atom, or molecule.
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magnetosphere (?), n. the magnetic field of a planet; the volume around the planet in which charged particles are subject more to the planet's magnetic field than to the solar magnetic field.
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Magnetotherapy (?), n. (Med.) The treatment of disease by the application of magnets to the surface of the body.
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magnetron (?), n. a diode vacuum tube in which the flow of electrons from a central cathode to a cylindrical anode is controlled by crossed magnetic and electric fields; used mainly in microwave oscillators.
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Magnifiable, a. [From .] Such as can be magnified, or extolled.
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{ Magnific (?), Magnifical (?), } a. [L. magnificus; magnus great + facere to make: cf. F. magnifique. See , . and cf. .] Grand; splendid; illustrious; magnificent. [Obs.] 1 Chron. xxii. 5. “Thy magnific deeds.” Milton. -- Magnifically, adv. [Obs.]
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Magnificat (?), n. [L., it magnifies.] The song of the Virgin Mary, Luke i. 46; -- so called because it commences with this word in the Vulgate.
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Magnificate (?), v. t. [L. magnificatus, p. p. of magnificare.] To magnify or extol. [Obs.] Marston.
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Magnification (?), n. The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration. [R.]
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Magnificence (?), n. [F. magnificence, L. magnificentia. See .] The act of doing what is magnificent; the state or quality of being magnificent. Acts xix. 27. “Then cometh magnificence.” Chaucer.
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And, for the heaven's wide circuit, let it speak
The Maker's high magnificence, who built
so spacious. Milton.
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The noblest monuments of Roman magnificence. Eustace.
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Magnificent (?), a. [See .] 1. Doing grand things; admirable in action; displaying great power or opulence, especially in building, way of living, and munificence.
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A prince is never so magnificent
As when he's sparing to enrich a few
With the injuries of many. Massinger.
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2. Grand in appearance; exhibiting grandeur or splendor; splendid; pompous.
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When Rome's exalted beauties I descry
Magnificent in piles of ruin lie. Addison.
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Syn. -- Glorious; majestic; sublime. See .
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Magnificently, adv. In a Magnificent manner.
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Magnifico (?), n.; pl. Magnificoes (#). [It. See .] 1. A grandee or nobleman of Venice; -- so called in courtesy. Shak.
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2. A rector of a German university.
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magnified adj. enlarged to an abnormal degree.
Syn. -- exaggerated, enlarged.
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Magnifier (?), n. One who, or that which, magnifies.
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Magnify (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Magnified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Magnifying (?).] [OE. magnifien, F. magnifier, L. magnificare. See .] 1. To make great, or greater; to increase the dimensions of; to amplify; to enlarge, either in fact or in appearance; as, the microscope magnifies the object by a thousand diameters.
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The least error in a small quantity . . . will in a great one . . . be proportionately magnified. Grew.
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2. To increase the importance of; to augment the esteem or respect in which one is held.
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On that day the Lord magnified Joshua in the sight of all Israel. Joshua iv. 14.
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3. To praise highly; to laud; to extol. [Archaic]
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O, magnify the Lord with me, and let us exalt his name together. Ps. xxxiv. 3.
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4. To exaggerate; as, to magnify a loss or a difficulty.
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Coloq. To magnify one's self (Script.), to exhibit pride and haughtiness; to boast. -- Coloq. To magnify one's self against (Script.), to oppose with pride.
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Magnify, v. i. 1. To have the power of causing objects to appear larger than they really are; to increase the apparent dimensions of objects; as, some lenses magnify but little.
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2. To have effect; to be of importance or significance. [Cant & Obs.] Spectator.
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magnifying glass n. A single convex lens which magnifies the apparent dimensions of objects seen through it, and is used to produce an enlarged image.
Syn. -- hand glass.
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Magniloquence (?), n. [L. magniloquentia.] The quality of being magniloquent; pompous discourse; grandiloquence.
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Magniloquent (?), a. [L. magnus great + loquens, -entis, p. pr. of loqui to speak. See , .] Speaking pompously; using swelling discourse; bombastic; tumid in style; grandiloquent. -- Magniloquently, adv.
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Magniloquous (?), a. [L. magniloquus.] Magniloquent. [Obs.]
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Magnitude (?), n. [L. magnitudo, from magnus great. See , and cf. .] 1. Extent of dimensions; size; -- applied to things that have length, breadth, and thickness.
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Conceive those particles of bodies to be so disposed amongst themselves, that the intervals of empty spaces between them may be equal in magnitude to them all. Sir I. Newton.
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2. (Geom.) That which has one or more of the three dimensions, length, breadth, and thickness.
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3. Anything of which greater or less can be predicated, as time, weight, force, and the like.
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