Moderatism - Moidore
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Moderatism (mŏdẽr�tĭz'm), n. Moderation in doctrines or opinion, especially in politics or religion.
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Moderato (?), a. & adv. [It. See .] (Mus.) With a moderate degree of quickness; moderately.
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Coloq. Allegro moderato , a little slower than allegro. -- Coloq. Andante moderato , a little faster than andante.
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Moderator (?), n. [L.: cf. F. modérateur.] 1. One who, or that which, moderates, restrains, or pacifies. Sir W. Raleigh.
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Angling was . . . a moderator of passions.
Walton.
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2. The officer who presides over an assembly or discussion to preserve order, propose questions, regulate the proceedings, and declare the votes.
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3. In the University of Oxford, an examiner for moderations; at Cambridge, the superintendant of examinations for degrees; at Dublin, either the first (senior) or second (junior) in rank in an examination for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.
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4. A mechanical arrangement for regulating motion in a machine, or producing equality of effect.
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Moderatorship, n. The office of a moderator.
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Moderatress (?), n. A female moderator. Fuller.
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Moderatrix (?), n. [L.] A female moderator.
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Modern (?), a. [F. moderne, L. modernus; akin to modo just now, orig. abl. of modus measure; hence, by measure, just now. See .] 1. Of or pertaining to the present time, or time not long past; late; not ancient or remote in past time; of recent period; as, modern days, ages, or time; modern authors; modern fashions; modern taste; modern practice. Bacon.
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2. New and common; trite; commonplace. [Obs.]
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We have our philosophical persons, to make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless.
Shak.
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Coloq. Modern English . See the Note under .
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Modern, n. A person of modern times; -- opposed to ancient. Pope.
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modernisation n. Modernization. [Chiefly Brit.]
Syn. -- modernizing.
[WordNet 1.5]
Modernism (?), n. 1. Modern practice; a thing of recent date; esp., a modern usage or mode of expression.
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2. Certain methods and tendencies which, in Biblical questions, apologetics, and the theory of dogma, in the endeavor to reconcile the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church with the conclusions of modern science, replace the authority of the church by purely subjective criteria; -- so called officially by Pope Pius X.
[Webster Suppl.]
Modernist, n. [Cf. F. moderniste.] 1. One who admires the moderns, or their ways and fashions.
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2. An advocate of the teaching of modern subjects, as modern languages, in preference to the ancient classics.
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modernistic adj. Conspicuously (sometimes outrageously) modern in style or appearance; as, shiny tables in modernistic design.
[WordNet 1.5]
Modernity (?), n. Modernness; something modern. Walpole.
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Modernization (?), n. The act of rendering modern in style; the act or process of causing to conform to modern of thinking or acting.
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Modernize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modernized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Modernizing (?).] [Cf. F. moderniser.] To render modern; to adapt to modern person or things; to cause to conform to recent or present usage or taste. Percy.
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Modernizer (?), n. One who modernizes.
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Modernly, adv. In modern times. Milton.
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Modernness, n. The quality or state of being modern; recentness; novelty. M. Arnold.
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Modest (?), a. [F. modeste, L. modestus, fr. modus measure. See .] 1. Restraining within due limits of propriety; not forward, bold, boastful, or presumptious; rather retiring than pushing one's self forward; not obstructive; as, a modest youth; a modest man.
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2. Observing the proprieties of the sex; not unwomanly in act or bearing; free from undue familiarity, indecency, or lewdness; decent in speech and demeanor; -- said of a woman.
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Mrs. Ford, the honest woman, the modest wife.
Shak.
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The blushing beauties of a modest maid.
Dryden.
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3. Evincing modestly in the actor, author, or speaker; not showing presumption; not excessive or extreme; moderate; as, a modest request; modest joy.
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Syn. -- Reserved; unobtrusive; diffident; bashful; coy; shy; decent; becoming; chaste; virtuous.
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Modestly, adv. In a modest manner.
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Modesty (?), n. [L. modestia: cf. F. modestie. See .] 1. The quality or state of being modest; that lowly temper which accompanies a moderate estimate of one's own worth and importance; absence of self-assertion, arrogance, and presumption; humility respecting one's own merit.
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2. Natural delicacy or shame regarding personal charms and the sexual relation; purity of thought and manners; due regard for propriety in speech or action.
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Her blush is guiltiness, not modesty.
Shak.
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Coloq. Modesty piece , a narrow piece of lace worn by women over the bosom. [Obs.] Addison.
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Syn. -- Bashfulness; humility; diffidence; shyness. See , and .
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Modicity (?), n. [LL. modicitas; cf. F. modicité.] Moderateness; smallness; meanness. [Obs.]
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Modicum (?), n. [L., fr. modicus moderate, fr. modus. See .] A little; a small quantity; a measured supply. “Modicums of wit.” Shak.
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Her usual modicum of beer and punch.
Thackeray.
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Modifiability (?), n. Capability of being modified; state or quality of being modifiable.
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Modifiable (?), a. [From .] Capable of being modified; liable to modification.
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Modificable (?), a. Modifiable. [Obs.]
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Modificate (?), v. t. [See .] To qualify. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson.
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Modification (?), n. [L. modificatio a measuring: cf. F. modification. See .] 1. The act of modifying, or the state of being modified; a change; as, the modification of an opinion, or of a machine. Bentley.
Syn. -- change, alteration, adjustment.
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2. Something which has been modified; a modified form or condition; state as modified; as, the various modifications of light; the latest modification of the operating system crashes less frequently.
Syn. -- model{8}.
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3. (Gram.) The alteration of the meaning of a word or phrase by another word or phrase; -- usually a restriction of the scope of the word modified; as, in the phrase “a billion dollars is a relatively small sum to spend on cancer research” the modification of small by relatively is needed to make the sentence accurate, rather than ludicrous.
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Modificative (?), n. That which modifies or qualifies, as a word or clause.
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Modificatory (?), a. Tending or serving to modify; modifying. Max Müller.
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Modifier (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, modifies. Hume.
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2. (Gram.) A word or phrase that modifies another word, phrase, or sentence, usually by limiting the scope or restricting the meaning of the sentence element modified.
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Modify (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Modifying (?).] [F. modifier, L. modificare, modificari; modus limit + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See , and .] 1. To change somewhat the form or qualities of; to change a part of something while leaving most parts unchanged; to alter somewhat; as, to modify a contrivance adapted to some mechanical purpose; to modify the terms of a contract.
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2. To limit or reduce in extent or degree; to moderate; to qualify; to lower.
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Of his grace
He modifies his first severe decree.
Dryden.
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Modillion (?), n. [F. modillon, It. modiglione. Cf. , n.] (Arch.) The enriched block or horizontal bracket generally found under the cornice of the Corinthian and Composite entablature, and sometimes, less ornamented, in the Ionic and other orders; -- so called because of its arrangement at regulated distances.
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Modiolar (?), a. [L. modiolus, dim. of modius the Roman corn measure.] Shaped like a bushel measure.
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Modiolus (?), n.; pl. Modioli (#). [L., a small measure.] (Anat.) The central column in the osseous cochlea of the ear.
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Modish (?), a. According to the mode, or customary manner; conformed to the fashion; fashionable; hence, conventional; as, a modish dress; a modish feast. Dryden. “Modish forms of address.” Barrow.
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-- Modishly, adv. -- Modishness, n.
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Modist (?), n. One who follows the fashion.
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Modiste (?), n. [F. See ; cf. .] One, esp. a woman, who makes, or deals in, articles of fashion, esp. of the fashionable dress of ladies; a dress-maker or milliner.
[Webster Suppl.]
Modius (?), n.; pl. Modii (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) A dry measure, containing about a peck.
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Modocs (?), n. pl.; sing. Modoc (�). (Ethnol.) A tribe of warlike Indians formerly inhabiting Northern California. They are nearly extinct.
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Modular (?), a. Of or pertaining to mode, modulation, module, or modius; as, modular arrangement; modular accent; modular measure.
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Modulate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Modulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Modulating (?).] [L. modulatus, p. p. of modulari to measure, to modulate, fr. modulus a small measure, meter, melody, dim. of modus. See .] 1. To form, as sound, to a certain key, or to a certain portion.
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2. To vary or inflect in a natural, customary, or musical manner; as, the organs of speech modulate the voice in reading or speaking.
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Could any person so modulate her voice as to deceive so many?
Broome.
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3. (Electronics) To alter the amplitude, frequency, phase, or intensity of (the carrier wave of a radio signal) at intervals, so as to represent information to be conveyed by the signal; -- a technique used to convey information by means of radio waves transmitted by one electronic device and received by another.
[WordNet 1.5]
Modulate, v. i. (Mus.) To pass from one key into another.
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modulated adj. (Electronics) 1. Having either amplitude, intensity, frequency, or phase altered at intervals to represent information to be transmitted; -- of the carrier wave of a radio signal transmitted from one device to another for the purpose of conveying information. Opposite of unmodulated. [Narrower terms: frequency modulated; amplitude modulated]
[WordNet 1.5]
2. altered in volume as well as tone or pitch.
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Modulation (?), n. [L. modulatio: cf. F. modulation.] 1. The act of modulating, or the state of being modulated; as, the modulation of the voice.
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2. Sound modulated; melody. [R.] Thomson.
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3. (Mus.) A change of key, whether transient, or until the music becomes established in the new key; a shifting of the tonality of a piece, so that the harmonies all center upon a new keynote or tonic; the art of transition out of the original key into one nearly related, and so on, it may be, by successive changes, into a key quite remote. There are also sudden and unprepared modulations.
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4. (Electronics) The alteration of hte amplitude, intensity, frequency, or phase (of the carrier wave of a radio signal) at intervals, so as to represent information to be transmitted.
[WordNet 1.5]
Modulator (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, modulates. Denham.
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modulator-demodulator (?), n. An electronic device that converts electronic signals into sound waves, and sound waves into electronic signals, used to transmit information between computers by the use of ordinary telephone lines; usually called a modem.
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Module (?), n. [F., fr. L. modulus a small measure, dim. of modus. See , and cf. , , a matrix.] 1. A model or measure.
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2. (Arch.) The size of some one part, as the diameter of semi-diameter of the base of a shaft, taken as a unit of measure by which the proportions of the other parts of the composition are regulated. Generally, for columns, the semi-diameter is taken, and divided into a certain number of parts, called minutes (see ), though often the diameter is taken, and any dimension is said to be so many modules and minutes in height, breadth, or projection.
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Module, v. t. [See , n., .] To model; also, to modulate. [Obs.] Sandys. Drayton.
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Modulus (?), n.; pl. Moduli (#). [L., a small measure. See , n.] (Math., Mech., & Physics) A quantity or coefficient, or constant, which expresses the measure of some specified force, property, or quality, as of elasticity, strength, efficiency, etc.; a parameter.
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Coloq. Modulus of a machine , a formula expressing the work which a given machine can perform under the conditions involved in its construction; the relation between the work done upon a machine by the moving power, and that yielded at the working points, either constantly, if its motion be uniform, or in the interval of time which it occupies in passing from any given velocity to the same velocity again, if its motion be variable; -- called also the efficiency of the machine. Mosley. Rankine. -- Coloq. Modulus of a system of logarithms (Math.), a number by which all the Napierian logarithms must be multiplied to obtain the logarithms in another system. -- Coloq. Modulus of elasticity . (a) The measure of the elastic force of any substance, expressed by the ratio of a stress on a given unit of the substance to the accompanying distortion, or strain. (b) An expression of the force (usually in terms of the height in feet or weight in pounds of a column of the same body) which would be necessary to elongate a prismatic body of a transverse section equal to a given unit, as a square inch or foot, to double, or to compress it to half, its original length, were that degree of elongation or compression possible, or within the limits of elasticity; -- called also Young's modulus. -- Coloq. Modulus of rupture , the measure of the force necessary to break a given substance across, as a beam, expressed by eighteen times the load which is required to break a bar of one inch square, supported flatwise at two points one foot apart, and loaded in the middle between the points of support. Rankine.
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Modus (?), n.; pl. Modi (#). [L. See .] (Old Law) 1. The arrangement of, or mode of expressing, the terms of a contract or conveyance.
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2. (Law) A qualification involving the idea of variation or departure from some general rule or form, in the way of either restriction or enlargement, according to the circumstances of the case, as in the will of a donor, an agreement between parties, and the like. Bracton.
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3. (Law) A fixed compensation or equivalent given instead of payment of tithes in kind, expressed in full by the phrase modus decimandi. Blackstone.
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They, from time immemorial, had paid a modus, or composition.
Landor.
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Modus operandi (�) [L.], manner of operating. Often abbreviated to MO
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Modus vivendi (?). [L.] Mode, or manner, of living; hence, a temporary arrangement of affairs until disputed matters can be settled.
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Mody (?), a. [From .] Fashionable. [R.]
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Moe (?), n. A wry face or mouth; a mow. [Obs.]
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Moe, v. i. To make faces; to mow. [Obs.]
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Moe, a., adv., & n. [AS. mā See .] More. See . [Obs.] “Sing no more ditties, sing no moe.” Shak.
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Moebles (?), n. pl. [OE., fr. OF. moeble, mueble, movable, from L. mobilis.] Movables; furniture; -- also used in the singular (moeble). [Obs.]
Chaucer.
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Moelline (?), n. [F. moelle, fr. L. medulla marrow.] An unguent for the hair.
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Moellon (?), n. [F.] Rubble masonry.
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Mœsogothic (?), a. Belonging to the Mœsogoths, a branch of the Goths who settled in Mœsia.
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Mœsogothic, n. The language of the Mœsogoths; -- also called Gothic.
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Moeve (?), v. t. & i. To move. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Moff (?), n. A thin silk stuff made in Caucasia.
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Mog (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Mogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Mogging.] [Etym. unknown.] To move away; to go off. [Prov. Eng. or Local, U. S.]
[Webster Suppl.]
Mogen David (?), n. [Hebrew, shield of David.] A hexagram{1a}, when used as the symbol of Judaism; called also Magen David and Star of David. It is included on the flag of the state of Israel
Syn. -- Star of David, Magen David.
[PJC]
Moggan (?), n. A closely fitting knit sleeve; also, a legging of knitted material. [Scot.]
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Moghul (?), n. an alternate from of .
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Mogul (?), n. [From the Mongolian.] 1. A person of the Mongolian race.
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2. Specifically: Any of the Mongolian peoples who conquered parts of India and established an empire lasting from 1526 to 1857. Also, any of their descendents.
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3. (Railroad) A heavy locomotive for freight traffic, having three pairs of connected driving wheels and a two-wheeled truck.
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4. A great personage; magnate; autocrat; as, an industrial mogul.
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Coloq. Great Mogul , or Coloq. Grand Mogul , the sovereign of the empire founded in Hindustan by the Mongols under Baber in the sixteenth century. Hence, a very important personage; a lord; -- sometimes only mogul or Moghul. Dryden.
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Moghul, Mogul (?), prop. a. [See , n..] Of or pertaining to the Moguls{2}; as, The Taj Mahal, the most beautiful piece of Mogul architecture, was built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jehan as a mausoleum for his favorite wife.
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Moghul empire, Mogul empire (?), prop. a. [See , n..] The empire created in India by invading Mongolians (Tatars), established under Baber, who conquered Hindustan in 1526. The establsihed religion of the empire was Mohammedanism. After the death of the Great Mogul Aurung-Zeb in 1707, power passed to the Mahrattas and the British. The empire existed only nominally in the early 1800's, and was finally abolished in 1857 by the deposing of the last emperor.
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Moha (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of millet (Setaria Italica); German millet.
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Mohair (?), n. [F. moire, perh. from Ar. mukhayyar a kind of coarse camelot or haircloth; but prob. fr. L. marmoreus of marble, resembling marble. Cf. , .] The long silky hair or wool of the Angora goat of Asia Minor; also, a fabric made from this material, or an imitation of such fabric.
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Mohammed (mōhămmĕd) n. ['The praised one'.] [Also spelled Mahomed, Mahomet, Muhammad (the Arabic form), Mahmoud, Mehemet, etc.] The prophet who founded Islam (570-632).
Syn. -- Muhammad, Mahomet, Mahmoud.
[WordNet 1.5]
Mohammed (or Mahomet (mahomet)) was born at Mecca, Arabia, about 570: died at Medina, Arabia, June 8, 632. He was the founder of Mohammedanism, or Islam ('surrender,' namely, to God). He was the posthumous son of Abdallah by his wife Amina, of the family of Hashim, the noblest among the Koreish, and was brought up in the desert among the Banu Saad by a Bedouin woman named Halima. At the age of six he lost his mother, and at eight his grandfather, when he was cared for by his uncle Abu-Talib. When about twelve years old (582) he accompanied a caravan to Syria, and may on this occasion have come for the first time in contact with Jews and Christians. A few years later he took part in the sacrilegious war (so called because carried on during the sacred months, when fighting was forbidden) which raged between the Koreish and the Banu Hawazin 580-590. He attended sundry preachings and recitations at Okatz, which may have awakened his poetical and rhetorical powers and his religious feelings; and for some time was occupied as a shepherd, to which he later refers as being in accordance with his career as a prophet, even as it was with that of Moses and David. When twenty-five years old he entered the service of the widow Khadijah, and made a second journey to Syria, on which he again had an opportunity to come in frequent contact with Jews and Christians, and to acquire some knowledge of their religious teachings. He soon married Khadijah, who was fifteen years his senior. Of the six children which she bore him, Fatima became the most famous. In 605 he attained some influence in Mecca by settling a dispute about the rebuilding of the Kaaba. The impressions which he had gathered from his contact with Judaism and Christianity, and from Arabic lore, began now strongly to engage his mind. He frequently retired to solitary places, especially to the cave of Mount Hira, north of Mecca. He passed at that time (he was then about forty years old) through great mental struggles, and repeatedly meditated suicide. It must have been during these lonely contemplations that the yearnings for a messenger from God for his people, and the thought that he himself might be destined for this mission, were born in his ardent mind. During one of his reveries, in the month of Ramadan, 610, he beheld in sleep the angel Gabriel, who ordered him to read from a scroll which he held before him the words which begin the 96th sura (chapter) of the Koran. After the lapse of some time, a second vision came, and then the revelations began to follow one another frequently. His own belief in his mission as apostle and prophet of God was now firmly established. The first convert was his wife Khadijah, then followed his cousin and adopted son Ali, his other adopted son Zeid, and Abu-Bekr, afterward his father-in-law and first successor (calif). Gradually about 60 adherents rallied about him. But after three years' preaching the mass of the Meccans rose against him, so that part of his followers had to resort to Abyssinia for safety in 614. This is termed the first hejira. Mohammed in the meanwhile continued his meetings in the house of one of his disciples, Arqaan, in front of the Kaaba, which later became known as the House of Islam. At one time he offered the Koreish a compromise, admitting their gods into his system as intercessors with the Supreme Being, but, becoming conscience-stricken, took back his words. The conversion of Hamza and Omar and 39 others in 615-616 strengthened his cause. The Koreish excommunicated Mohammed and his followers, who were forced to live in retirement. In 620, at the pilgrimage, he won over to his teachings a small party from Medina. In Medina, whither a teacher was deputed, the new religion spread rapidly. To this period belongs the vision or dream of the miraculous ride, on the winged horse Borak, to Jerusalem, where he was received by the prophets, and thence ascended to heaven. In 622 more than 70 persons from Medina bound themselves to stand by Mohammed. The Meccans proposed to kill him, and he fled on the 20th of June, 622, to Medina. This is known as the hejira ('the flight'), and marks the beginning of the Mohammedan era. This event formed a turning-point in the activity of Mohammed. He was thus far a religious preacher and persuader; he became in his Medinian period a legislator and warrior. He built there in 623 the first mosque, and married Ayesha. In 624 the first battle for the faith took place between Mohammed and the Meccans in the plain of Bedr, in which the latter were defeated. At this time, also, Mohammed began bitterly to inveigh against the Jews, who did not recognize his claims to be the greater prophet promised by Moses. He changed the attitude of prayer (kibla) from the direction of Jerusalem to that of the Kaaba in Mecca, appointed Friday as the day for public worship, and instituted the fast of Ramadan and the tithe or poor-rate. The Jewish tribe of the Banu Kainuka, settled at Medina, was driven out; while of another Jewish tribe, the Banu Kuraiza, all the men, 700 in number, were massacred. In 625 Mohammed and his followers were defeated by the Meccans in the battle of Ohud. The following years were filled out with expeditions. One tribe after another submitted to Mohammed, until in 631 something like a definite Mohammedan empire was established. In 632 the prophet made his last pilgrimage to Mecca, known as the farewell pilgrimage, or the pilgrimage of the announcement or of Islam. In the same year he died while planning an expedition against the frontier of the Byzantine empire. Mohammed was a little above the middle height, of a commanding figure, and is described as being of a modest, tender, and generous disposition. His manner of life was very simple and frugal. He mended his own clothes, and his common diet was barley-bread and water. But he enjoyed perfumes and the charms of women. His character appears composed of the strongest inconsistencies. He could be tender, kind, and liberal, but on occasions indulged in cruel and perfidious assassinations. With regard to his prophetic claims, it is as difficult to assume that he was sincere throughout, or self-deceived, as that he was throughout an impostor. In his doctrines there is practically nothing original. The legends of the Koran are chiefly drawn from the Old Testament and the rabbinical literature, which Mohammed must have learned from a Jew near Mecca, though he presents them as original revelations by the angel Gabriel, See .
[Century Dict. 1906]
Mohammedan (?), a. [From Mohammed, fr. Ar. muhámmad praiseworthy, highly praised.] Of or pertaining to Mohammed, or the religion and institutions founded by Mohammed; in the latter sense, synonymous with Islamic, the term preferred by Moslems. [Written also Mahometan, Mahomedan, Muhammadan, etc.]
[ Webster +PJC]
Mohammedan, n. A follower of Mohammed, the founder of Islam (also called Islamism or Mohammedanism); an adherent of Islam; one who professes Mohammedanism or Islamism; a Muslim; a Moslem; a Musselman; -- this term is used mostly by non-Moslems, and some Moslems find it offensive. [Written also Muhammadan, Mahometan, Mahomedan, etc.]
[ Webster +PJC]
Mohammedan calendar. A lunar calendar reckoning from the year of the hegira (hejira), 622 a. d. Thirty of its years constitute a cycle, of which the 2d, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th, and 29th are leap years, having 355 days; the others are common, having 354 days. By the following tables any Mohammedan date may be changed into the Christian date, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d.
.
1 Muharram . . . .. 30
2 Safar . . . . . . .. 29
3 Rabia I . . . . . . 30
4 Rabia II . . . .. 29
5 Jumada I . . . .. 30
6 Jumada II . . . . 29
7 Rajab . . . . . . .. 30
8 Shaban . . . . . . . 29
9 Ramadan . . . . . . 30
10 Shawwal . . . . . . 29
11 Zu'lkadah . . . . 30
12 Zu'lhijjah . . . 29
in leap year, 30 days
a. h. a. d. a. h. a. d.
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1317 begins May 12, 1899 1336 begins Oct.17, 1917
1318 May 1, 1900 1337 Oct. 7, 1918
1319 Apr.20, 1901 1338 Sept.26,1919
1320 Apr.10, 1902 1339 Sept.15,1920
1321+ Mar.30, 1903 1340 Sept.4, 1921
1322 Mar.18, 1904 1341 Aug.24, 1922
1323 Mar. 8, 1905 1342 Aug.14, 1923
1324 Feb.25, 1906 1343 Aug. 2, 1924
1325 Feb.14, 1907 1344 July 22,1925
1326 Feb. 4, 1908 1345 July 12,1926
1327 Jan.23, 1909 1346 July 1, 1927
1328 Jan.13, 1910 1347 June 20,1928
1329 Jan. 2, 1911 1348 June 9, 1929
1330 Dec.22, 1911 1349 May 29, 1930
1331 Dec.11, 1912 1350 May 19, 1931
1332 Nov.30, 1351++ May 7, 1932
1333 Nov.19, 1914 1352 Apr.26, 1933
1334 Nov. 9, 1915 1353 Apr.16, 1934
1335 Oct.28, 1916 1354 Apr. 5, 1935
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Leap year + First year of the 45th cycle
++ First year of the 46th cycle
The following general rule for finding the date of commencement of any Mohammedan year has a maximum error of a day: Multiply 970,224 by the Mohammedan year, point off six decimal places, and add 621.5774. The whole number will be the year a. d., and the decimal multiplied by 365 will give the day of the year.
[Webster Suppl.]
The Mohammedan calendar is one of the most primitive. It is strictly a Lunar calendar, the year consisting of twelve lunar months, which retrograde through the seasons in about 321/2 years. To reconcile the lunar cycle to a given number of complete days, a leap year is introduced on the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th, 18th, 21st, 24th, 26th and 29th years of a thirty year cycle, making these years consist of 355 days instead of 354. The names of the months and the number of days are: 1, Muharram (30); 2, Saphar (29); 3, Rabia I (30); 4, Rabia II (29); 5, Jomada I (30); 6, Jomada II (29); 7, Rajah (30); 8, Shaaban (29); 9, Ramadan (30); 10, Shawaal (29); 11, Dulkasda (30); and 12, Dulheggia (29 or 30). The years are calculated from July 16, 622 A.D., the day following the Hegira, the flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina after an attempted assassination. The beginning of the 46th cycle, with the first day of Muharram, in the year 1351, compares to May 7, 1932 of the Gregorian calendar; continuing: 1365 Dec. 6, 1945 1366 Nov. 25, 1946 1367 Nov. 15, 1947 1368 Nov. 3, 1948 1369 Oct. 24, 1949 1370 Oct. 13, 1950 1371 Oct. 2, 1951 1372 Sept. 21, 1952 1373 Sept. 10, 1953 1374 Aug. 30, 1954 To find the Gregorian equivalent to any Mohammedan date multiply 970,224 by the Mohammedan year, point off six decimal places and add 621.5774. The whole number will be the year A.D., and the decimal multiplied by 365 will be the day of the year. http://www.arsakeio.gr/universe/timeref1.htm
[PJC]
Mohammedan Era prop. n. The era in use in Moslem countries. See , below.
[Webster Suppl.]
{ Mohammedanism, Mohammedism } (?), prop. n. The religion, or doctrines and precepts, of Mohammed, contained in the Koran; Islamism; Islam. The term Islam is preferred by most Moslems, and some find the term Mohammedanism to be offensive, as they worship Allah, not Mohammed.
[ Webster +PJC]
{ Mohammedanize, Mohammedize } (?), prop. v. t. To make conformable to the principles, or customs and rites, of Mohammedanism. [Written also Mahometanize.]
[ Webster]
Mohammedan year prop. n. The year used by Mohammedans, consisting of twelve lunar months without intercalation, so that they retrograde through all the seasons in about 321/2 years. The Mohammedan era begins with the year 622 a. d., the first day of the Mohammedan year 1332 being Nov. 30, , acording to the Gregorian calendar.
[Webster Suppl.]
Mohawk (?), prop. n. 1. (Ethnol.) One of a tribe of Indians who formed part of the Five Nations. They formerly inhabited the valley of the Mohawk River.
[ Webster]
2. One of certain ruffians who infested the streets of London in the time of Addison, and took the name from the Mohawk Indians. [Slang] Spectator. Macaulay.
[ Webster]
Mohicans (?), prop. n. pl.; sing. Mohican (�). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Lenni-Lenape Indians who formerly inhabited Western Connecticut and Eastern New York. [Written also Mohegans.]
[ Webster]
Moho (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoöl.) A gallinule (Notornis Mantelli) formerly inhabiting New Zealand, but now supposed to be extinct. It was incapable of flight. See .
[ Webster]
Moho (?), n. [Short for Mohorovicic discontinuity, from Andrija Mohorovičić, a Yugoslavian geologist.] (Geol.) The boundary between the earth's crust and the semiliquid mantle beneath. It varies in depth from 3 miles beneath the surface at certain points in the ocean to over 25 miles under certain parts of continents.
[PJC]
Mohock (?), n. See .
[ Webster]
Moholi (?), n. (Zoöl.) See .
[ Webster]
Mohorovicic discontinuity (?), n. (Geol.) same as 2nd .
[PJC]
Mohr (?), n. (Zoöl.) A West African gazelle (Gazella mohr), having horns on which are eleven or twelve very prominent rings. It is one of the species which produce bezoar. [Written also mhorr.]
[ Webster]
Mohur (?), n. [Hind., fr. Per. muhur, muhr, a gold coin, a seal, seal ring.] A British Indian gold coin, of the value of fifteen silver rupees, or $7.21 (in ). Malcom.
[ Webster]
{ Mohurrum (?), Muharram (?) }, n. [Ar. muharram, prop., sacred, forbidden, n., the first month of the Mohammedan lunar year.] 1. The first month of the Mohammedan year. Whitworth.
[ Webster]
2. A festival of the Shiah sect of the Mohammedans held during the first ten days of the month Mohurrum.
[ Webster]
Moider (?), v. i. To toil. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
[ Webster]
Moidore (?), n. [Pg. moeda d'ouro, lit., coin of gold. Cf. , and .] A gold coin of Portugal, valued at about 27s. sterling.
[ Webster]
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