Mycothrix - Myrioscope

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Mycothrix (mīk�thrĭks), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (spurious) mykhs mucus (L. mucus) + qrix, trichos, hair.] (Biol.) The chain of micrococci formed by the division of the micrococci in multiplication.
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Mycteria prop. n. A genus of birds including certain of the wood ibises, including the endangered Mycteria americana; it is sometimes assigned to a subfamily Mycteriinae.
Syn. -- genus Mycteria.
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Mydaleine (?), n. [Gr. myda^n to be clammy (from decay).] (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic alkaloid (ptomaine) obtained from putrid flesh and from herring brines. As a poison it is said to execute profuse diarrhoea, vomiting, and intestinal inflammation. Brieger.
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Mydatoxin (?), n. [Gr. myda^n to be clammy (from decay) + toxic + in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A poisonous amido acid, C6H13NO2, separated by Brieger from decaying horseflesh. In physiological action, it is similar to curare.
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Mydaus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. myda^n to be clammy or damp.] (Zoöl.) The teledu.
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Mydriasis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. �.] (Physiol. & Med.) A long-continued or excessive dilatation of the pupil of the eye.
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Mydriatic (?), a. Causing dilatation of the pupil. -- n. A mydriatic medicine or agent, as belladonna.
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Myelencephala (?), n. pl. [NL. See .] (Zoöl.) Same as .
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Myelencephalic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the myelencephalon; cerebro-spinal.
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Myelencephalon (?), n. [NL., from Gr. myelos marrow + E. encephalon.] (Anat.) (a) The brain and spinal cord; the cerebro-spinal axis. Sometimes abbreviated to myelencephal. (b) The metencephalon. Huxley.
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Myelencephalous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Myelencephala.
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myelin, myeline (?), n. [Gr. myelos marrow.] (Physiol. Chem.) (a) A soft white substance constituting the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers, and composed mainly of cholesterin, lecithin, cerebrin, protein, and some fat. (b) One of a group of phosphorized principles occurring in nerve tissue, both in the brain and nerve fibers.
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myelinic adj. Of or pertaining to myelin.
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Myelitis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. myelos marrow + -itis.] (Med.) 1. Inflammation of the spinal marrow or its membranes.
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3. Inflammation of bone marrow.
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Myelocœle (?), n. [Gr. myelos marrow + koi^los hollow.] (Anat.) The central canal of the spinal cord.
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myelofibrosis n. (Med.) Fibrosis of the bone marrow.
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Myelogenic (?), a. [Gr. myelos marrow + the root of � to be born.] (Physiol.) Derived from, or pertaining to, the bone marrow.
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Myeloid (?), a. [Gr. myelos marrow + -oid.] Resembling marrow in appearance or consistency; as, a myeloid tumor.
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Myeloidin (?), n. [Myelin + -oid + -in.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance, present in the protoplasm of the retinal epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the substance (myelin) forming the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers.
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Myelon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. myelos marrow.] (Anat.) The spinal cord. (Sometimes abbrev. to myel.)
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Myelonal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the myelon; as, the myelonal, or spinal, nerves.
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Myeloneura (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. myelos + ney^ron a nerve.] (Zoöl.) The Vertebrata.
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Myeloplax (?), n.; pl. E. Myeloplaxes (#), L. Myeloplaces (#). [NL., fr. Gr. myelos marrow + � anything flat and broad.] (Anat.) One of the huge multinucleated cells found in the marrow of bone and occasionally in other parts; a giant cell. See .
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Mygale (?), prop. n. [L., a field mouse, Gr. �.] (Zoöl.) A genus of very large hairy spiders of the family Ctenizidae, having four lungs and only four spinnerets. They do not spin webs, but usually construct tubes in the earth, which are often furnished with a trapdoor. The South American bird spider (Mygale avicularia), and the crab spider, or matoutou (Mygale cancerides) are among the largest species. They are also called trapdoor spiders. Some of the species are erroneously called tarantulas, as the Texas tarantula (Mygale Hentzii).
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Mykiss (?), n. [Russ. muikize, prob. fr. a native name.] (Zoöl.) A salmon (Salmo mykiss, syn. Salmo purpuratus) marked with black spots and a red throat, found in most of the rivers from Alaska to the Colorado River, and in Siberia; -- called also black-spotted trout, cutthroat trout, and redthroat trout.
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Mylitta prop. n. (Babylonian and Assyrian Mythology) The goddess of love and fertility and war; also called Ishtar; the counterpart of Ashtoreth and Astarte.
Syn. -- Ishtar.
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Mylodon (?), n. [Gr. � a mill + 'odoys, 'odontos, a tooth.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of large slothlike American edentates, allied to Megatherium.
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Mylodontidae n. A natural family of extinct South American edentates.
Syn. -- family Mylodontidae.
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Mylohyoid (?), a. [Gr. � the molar teeth + E. hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the lower jaw and the hyoid apparatus; as, the mylohyoid nerve.
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myna, mynah (?), n. [See .] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic starlings of the genera Acridotheres, Sturnopastor, Sturnia, Gracula, and allied genera. In habits they resemble the European starlings, and like them are often caged and taught to talk. See Hill myna, under , and . [Spelt also mynah.]
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Mynchen (?), n. [AS. mynecen, fr. munec monk. See .] A nun. [Obs.]
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Mynchery (?), n. A nunnery; -- a term still applied to the ruins of certain nunneries in England.
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Mynheer (?), n. [D. mijnheer.] The Dutch equivalent of Mr. or Sir; hence, a Dutchman.
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myo- (?). A combining form of Gr. �, �, a muscle; as, myograph, myochrome.
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myocardial adj. Of or pertaining to the myocardium.
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myocarditis (?), n. [NL. see .] (Med.) Inflammation of the myocardium.
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Myocardium (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. �, �, muscle + � heart.] (Anat.) The main substance of the muscular wall of the heart inclosed between the epicardium and endocardium.
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Myochrome (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. � color.] (Physiol.) A colored albuminous substance in the serum from red-colored muscles. It is identical with hemoglobin.
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Myocomma (?), n.; pl. L. Myocommata (#), E. Myocommas (#). [NL. See , and .] (Anat.) A myotome.
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Myodynamics (?), n. [Myo- + dynamics.] (Physiol.) The department of physiology which deals with the principles of muscular contraction; the exercise of muscular force or contraction.
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Myodynamiometer (?), n. A myodynamometer.
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Myodynamometer (?), n. [Myo- + E. dynamometer.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the muscular strength of man or of other animals; a dynamometer. Dunglison.
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Myoepithelial (?), a. [Myo- + epithelial.] 1. (Biol.) Derived from epithelial cells and destined to become a part of the muscular system; -- applied to structural elements in certain embryonic forms.
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2. (Zoöl.) Having the characteristics of both muscle and epithelium; as, the myoepithelial cells of the hydra.
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Myogalid (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. � a weasel.] (Zoöl.) One of the Myogalodæ, a family of Insectivora, including the desman, and allied species.
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Myogram (?), n. [Myo- + -gram.] (Physiol.) See Muscle curve, under .
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Myograph (?), n. [Myo- + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for determining and recording the different phases, as the intensity, velocity, etc., of a muscular contraction.
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{ Myographic (?), Myographical (?), } a. Of or pertaining to myography.
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Myography (?), n. [Cf. F. myographie.] The description of muscles, including the study of muscular contraction by the aid of registering apparatus, as by some form of myograph; myology.
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Myohæmatin (?), n. [Myo- + hæmatin.] (Physiol.) A red-colored respiratory pigment found associated with hemoglobin in the muscle tissue of a large number of animals, both vertebrate and invertebrate.
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Myoid (?), a. [Myo- + -oid.] Composed of, or resembling, muscular fiber.
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Myolemma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. �, �, a muscle + � skin.] (Anat.) Sarcolemma.
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Myolin (?), n. [Gr. �, �, muscle.] (Physiol.) The essential material of muscle fibers.
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{ Myologic (?), Myological (?), } a. Of or pertaining to myology.
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Myologist (?), n. One skilled in myology.
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Myology (?), n. [Myo- + -logy: cf. F. myologie.] That part of anatomy which treats of muscles.
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Myoma (?), n. [NL. See , and .] (Med.) A tumor consisting of muscular tissue.
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Myomancy (?), n. [Gr. my^s mouse + -mancy.] Divination by the movements of mice.
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Myomorph (?), n. One of the Myomorpha.
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Myomorpha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. my^s, myos, a mouse + morfh form.] (Zoöl.) An extensive group of rodents which includes the rats, mice, jerboas, and many allied forms.
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Myopathia (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. �, �, a muscle + �, �, to suffer.] (Med.) Any affection of the muscles or muscular system.
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Myopathic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to myopathia.
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Myopathy (?), n. Same as .
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Myope (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. �, �; � to close, shut the eyes + �, �, the eye.] A person having myopia; a myops.
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Myophan (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. � to show.] (Zoöl.) A contractile striated layer found in the bodies and stems of certain Infusoria.
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Myopia (?), n. [NL. See .] (Med.) Nearsightedness; shortsightedness; a condition of the eye in which the rays from distant object are brought to a focus before they reach the retina, and hence form an indistinct image; while the rays from very near objects are normally converged so as to produce a distinct image. It is corrected by the use of a concave lens.
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Myopic (?), a. Pertaining to, or affected with, or characterized by, myopia; nearsighted.
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Coloq. Myopic astigmatism , a condition in which the eye is affected with myopia in one meridian only.
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Myops (mīŏps), n. [NL.] See .
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Myopsis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � fly + � sight.] (Med.) The appearance of muscæ volitantes. See Muscæ volitantes, under .
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Myopy (?), n. [F. myopie.] (Med.) Myopia.
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Myosin (?), n. [Gr. my^s, myos a muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.) A protein present in muscle, serving as the principle contractile protein in muscle contraction. It was earlier considered as being formed in the process of coagulation which takes place in . See Muscle plasma, under .
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☞ Myosin belongs to the group of globulins. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solution of salt, and is especially characterized by being completely precipitated by saturation of its solutions with salt.
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Myosis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � to close the eyes or lips.] (Med.) Long-continued contraction of the pupil of the eye.
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Myositic (?), a. (Med.) Myotic.
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Myositis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. �, �, muscle + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the muscles.
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Myosotis (?), prop. n. [NL.; Gr. �, lit., mouse ear.] (Bot.) A genus of plants. See .
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Myotic (?), a. [See .] (Med.) Producing myosis, or contraction of the pupil of the eye, as opium, calabar bean, etc. -- n. A myotic agent.
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Myotome (?), n. [See .] (Anat.) (a) A muscular segment; one of the zones into which the muscles of the trunk, especially in fishes, are divided; a myocomma. (b) One of the embryonic muscular segments arising from the protovertebræ; also, one of the protovertebræ themselves. (c) The muscular system of one metamere of an articulate.
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Myotomic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a myotome or myotomes.
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Myotomy (?), n. [Myo- + Gr. � to cut: cf. F. myotomie.] The dissection, or that part of anatomy which treats of the dissection, of muscles.
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Myrcia (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A large genus of tropical American trees and shrubs, nearly related to the true myrtles (Myrtus), from which they differ in having very few seeds in each berry.
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Myria- (?). [Gr. � a myriad. See .] A prefix, esp. in the metric system, indicating ten thousand, ten thousand times; as, myriameter.
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Myriacanthous (?), a. [Gr. � numberless + 'akanqa a spine.] (Zoöl.) Having numerous spines, as certain fishes.
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Myriad (?), n. [Gr. �, �, fr. � numberless, pl. � ten thousand: cf. F. myriade.] 1. The number of ten thousand; ten thousand persons or things.
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2. An immense number; a very great many; an indefinitely large number.
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Myriad, a. Consisting of a very great, but indefinite, number; as, myriad stars.
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{ Myriagram, Myriagramme } (?), n. [F. myriagramme. See , and 3d .] A metric weight, consisting of ten thousand grams or ten kilograms. It is equal to 22.046 lbs. avoirdupois.
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{ Myrialiter, Myrialitre } (?), n. [F. myrialitre. See , and .] A metric measure of capacity, containing ten thousand liters. It is equal to 2641.7 wine gallons.
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{ Myriameter, Myriametre } (?), n. [F. myriamètre. See , and .] A metric measure of length, containing ten thousand meters. It is equal to 6.2137 miles.
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Myriapod (?), n. [Cf. F. myriapode.] (Zoöl.) One of the Myriapoda.
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Myriapoda (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. � numberless + -poda.] (Zoöl.) A class, or subclass, of arthropods, related to the hexapod insects, from which they differ in having the body made up of numerous similar segments, nearly all of which bear true jointed legs. They have one pair of antennæ, three pairs of mouth organs, and numerous tracheæ, similar to those of true insects. The larvæ, when first hatched, often have but three pairs of legs. See , , .
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☞ The existing Myriapoda are divided into three orders: Chilopoda, Chilognatha or Diplopoda, and Pauropoda (see these words in the Vocabulary). Large fossil species (very different from any living forms) are found in the Carboniferous formation.
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Myriarch (?), n. [Gr. �, �; � ten thousand + � chief.] A captain or commander of ten thousand men.
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Myriare (?), n. [F. See , and 2d .] A measure of surface in the metric system containing ten thousand ares, or one million square meters. It is equal to about 247.1 acres.
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Myrica (?), prop. n. [L., fr. Gr. � tamarisk.] (Bot.) A widely dispersed genus of shrubs and trees, usually with aromatic foliage. It includes the bayberry or wax myrtle, the sweet gale, and the North American sweet fern, so called.
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Myricin (?), n. [Cf. F. myricine. Prob. so called from a fancied resemblance to the wax of the bayberry (Myrica).] (Chem.) A silky, crystalline, waxy substance, forming the less soluble part of beeswax, and regarded as a palmitate of a higher alcohol of the paraffin series; -- called also myricyl alcohol.
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Myricyl (?), n. [Myricin + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical regarded as the essential residue of myricin; -- called also melissyl.
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Myriological (?), a. Of or relating to a myriologue.
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Myriologist (?), n. One who composes or sings a myriologue.
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Myriologue (?), n. [F. myriologue, myriologie, NGr. �, �, fr. Gr. Moi^ra the goddess of fate or death + logos speech, discourse.] An extemporaneous funeral song, composed and sung by a woman on the death of a friend. [Modern Greece]
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Myriophyllous (?), a. [Gr. � numberless + fyllon leaf.] (Bot.) Having an indefinitely great or countless number of leaves.
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Myriopoda (?), n. pl. See .
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Myriorama (?), n. [Gr. � numberless + � a sight, fr. � to see.] A picture made up of several smaller pictures, drawn upon separate pieces in such a manner as to admit of combination in many different ways, thus producing a great variety of scenes or landscapes.
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Myrioscope (?), n. [Gr. � numberless + -scope.] A form of kaleidoscope.
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