Necrosis - Negative

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Necrosis (n�krōsĭs), n. [NL., fr. Gr. nekrwsis, fr. nekruy^n to make dead, to mortify, nekros a dead body.] 1. (Med.) The pathologic death of part of a tissue due to irreversible damage. Contrast to necrobiosis, which is a normal death of cells in a tissue. Formerly, applied primarily to death of bone tissue.
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2. (Bot.) A disease of trees, in which the branches gradually dry up from the bark to the center.
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Necrotic (?), a. (Med.) Affected with necrosis; as, necrotic tissue; characterized by, or producing, necrosis; as, a necrotic process.
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Necrotomy (?), n. [Gr. nekros dead person + temnein to cut.] (Med.) The dissection of dead bodies; also, excision of necrosed bone. -- Necrotomic (#), a. -- Necrotomist (#), n.
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Nectar (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. �.] 1. (Myth. & Poetic) The drink of the gods (as ambrosia was their food); hence, any delicious or inspiring beverage.
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2. (Bot.) A sweetish secretion of blossoms from which bees make honey.
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Nectareal (?), a. 1. Nectareous.
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2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a nectary.
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Nectarean (?), a. [L. nectareus: cf. F. nectaréen.] Resembling nectar; very sweet and pleasant. “nectarean juice.” Talfourd.
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Nectared (?), a. Imbued with nectar; mingled with nectar; abounding with nectar. Milton.
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Nectareous (?), a. Of, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar; delicious; nectarean. Pope.
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-- Nectareously, adv. -- Nectareousness, n.
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Nectarial (?), a. Of or pertaining to the nectary of a plant.
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Nectaried (?), a. Having a nectary.
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Nectariferous (?), a. [L. nectar nectar + -ferous: cf. F. nectarifère.] (Bot.) Secreting nectar; -- said of blossoms or their parts.
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Nectarine (nĕktẽrĭn), a. Nectareous. [R.] Milton.
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Nectarine (nĕktẽrēn), n. [Cf. F. nectarine. See .] (Bot.) A smooth-skinned variety of peach.
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Coloq. Spanish nectarine , the plumlike fruit of the West Indian tree Chrysobalanus Icaco; -- also called cocoa plum. It is made into a sweet conserve which is largely exported from Cuba.
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Nectarize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Nectarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Nectarizing (?).] To mingle or infuse with nectar; to sweeten. [Obs.] Cockeram.
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Nectarous (?), a. Nectareous. Milton.
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Nectary (?), n.; pl. Nectaries (#). [From : cf. F. nectaire.] (Bot.) That part of a blossom which secretes nectar, usually the base of the corolla or petals; also, the spur of such flowers as the larkspur and columbine, whether nectariferous or not. See the Illustration of .
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Nectocalyx (?), n.; pl. Nectocalyces (#). [NL., fr. Gr. nhktos swimming + � a calyx.] (Zoöl.) (a) The swimming bell or umbrella of a jellyfish of medusa. (b) One of the zooids of certain Siphonophora, having somewhat the form, and the essential structure, of the bell of a jellyfish, and acting as a swimming organ.
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{ Nectosac, Nectosack } (?), n. [Gr. nhktos swimming + E. sac, sack.] (Zoöl.) The cavity of a nectocalyx.
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Nectostem (?), n. [Gr. nhktos swimming + E. stem.] (Zoöl.) That portion of the axis which bears the nectocalyces in the Siphonophora.
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Nedder (?), n. [See .] (Zoöl.) An adder. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.
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Neddy (?), n.; pl. Neddies (�). (Zoöl.) A pet name for a donkey.
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Nee (n�), p. p., fem. [F., fr. L. nata, fem. of natus, p. p. of nasci to be born. See .] Born; -- a term sometimes used in introducing the name of the family to which a married woman belongs by birth (i.e. her maiden name); as, Madame de Staël, née Necker.
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Need (nēd), n. [OE. need, neod, nede, AS. neád, nȳd; akin to D. nood, G. not, noth, Icel. nauðr, Sw. & Dan. nöd, Goth. nauþs.] 1. A state that requires supply or relief; pressing occasion for something; necessity; urgent want.
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And the city had no need of the sun. Rev. xxi. 23.
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I have no need to beg. Shak.
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Be governed by your needs, not by your fancy. Jer. Taylor.
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2. Want of the means of subsistence; poverty; indigence; destitution. Chaucer.
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Famine is in thy cheeks;
Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes. Shak.
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3. That which is needful; anything necessary to be done; (pl.) necessary things; business. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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4. Situation of need; peril; danger. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Syn. -- Exigency; emergency; strait; extremity; necessity; distress; destitution; poverty; indigence; want; penury. -- , . Necessity is stronger than need; it places us under positive compulsion. We are frequently under the necessity of going without that of which we stand very greatly in need. It is also with the corresponding adjectives; necessitous circumstances imply the direct pressure of suffering; needy circumstances, the want of aid or relief.
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Need (nēd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Needed; p. pr. & vb. n. Needing.] [See , n. Cf. AS. nȳdan to force, Goth. nauþjan.] To be in want of; to have cause or occasion for; to lack; to require, as supply or relief.
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Other creatures all day long
Rove idle, unemployed, and less need rest. Milton.
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☞ With another verb, need is used like an auxiliary, generally in a negative sentence expressing requirement or obligation, and in this use it undergoes no change of termination in the third person singular of the present tense. “And the lender need not fear he shall be injured.” Anacharsis (Trans. ).
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Need, v. i. To be wanted; to be necessary. Chaucer.
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When we have done it, we have done all that is in our power, and all that needs. Locke.
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Need, adv. Of necessity. See . [Obs.] Chaucer.
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needed adj. necessary; as, provided them with all needed equipment. Opposite of unnecessary.
Syn. -- needful, required, requisite.
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Needer (nēdẽr), n. One who needs anything. Shak.
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Needful (nēdfụl), a. 1. Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing. [Archaic] Chaucer.
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The needful time of trouble. Bk. of Com. Prayer.
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2. Necessary for supply or relief; requisite.
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All things needful for defense abound. Dryden.
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-- Needfully, adv. -- Needfulness, n.
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Needily (nēdĭl�), adv. [From .] In a needy condition or manner; necessarily. Chaucer.
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Neediness (nēdĭnĕs), n. The state or quality of being needy; want; poverty; indigence.
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Needle (nēd'l), n. [OE. nedle, AS. nǣdl; akin to D. neald, OS. nādla, G. nadel, OHG. nādal, nādala, Icel. nāl, Sw. nål, Dan. naal, and also to G. nähen to sew, OHG. nājan, L. nere to spin, Gr. neein, and perh. to E. snare: cf. Gael. & Ir. snathad needle, Gael. snath thread, G. schnur string, cord.] 1. A small instrument of steel, sharply pointed at one end, with an eye to receive a thread, -- used in sewing. Chaucer.
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☞ In some needles (as for sewing machines) the eye is at the pointed end, but in ordinary needles it is at the blunt end.
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2. See Magnetic needle, under .
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3. A slender rod or wire used in knitting; a knitting needle; also, a hooked instrument which carries the thread or twine, and by means of which knots or loops are formed in the process of netting, knitting, or crocheting.
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4. (Bot.) One of the needle-shaped secondary leaves of pine trees. See .
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5. Any slender, pointed object, like a needle, as a pointed crystal, a sharp pinnacle of rock, an obelisk, etc.
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6. A hypodermic needle; a syringe fitted with a hypodermic needle, used for injecting fluids into the body. [Informal]
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7. An injection of medicine from a hypodermic needle; a shot.
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Coloq. Dipping needle . See under . -- Coloq. Needle bar , the reciprocating bar to which the needle of a sewing machine is attached. -- Coloq. Needle beam (Arch.), in shoring, the horizontal cross timber which goes through the wall or a pier, and upon which the weight of the wall rests, when a building is shored up to allow of alterations in the lower part. -- Coloq. Needle furze (Bot.), a prickly leguminous plant of Western Europe; the petty whin (Genista Anglica). -- Coloq. Needle gun , a firearm loaded at the breech with a cartridge carrying its own fulminate, which is exploded by driving a slender needle, or pin, into it. [archaic] -- Coloq. Needle loom (Weaving), a loom in which the weft thread is carried through the shed by a long eye-pointed needle instead of by a shuttle. -- Coloq. Needle ore (Min.), acicular bismuth; a sulphide of bismuth, lead, and copper occuring in acicular crystals; -- called also aikinite. -- Coloq. Needle shell (Zoöl.), a sea urchin. -- Coloq. Needle spar (Min.), aragonite. -- Coloq. Needle telegraph , a telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position. -- Coloq. Sea needle (Zoöl.), the garfish.
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Needle, v. t. 1. To form in the shape of a needle; as, to needle crystals.
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2. To tease (a person), especially repeatedly.
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3. To prod or goad (someone) into action by teasing or daring.
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Needle, v. i. To form needles; to crystallize in the form of needles.
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Needlebook (?), n. A book-shaped needlecase, having leaves of cloth into which the needles are stuck.
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needlebush n. A shrub (Hakea lissosperma) of eastern Australia, with pungent rigid needle-shaped leaves and white flowers.
Syn. -- needle bush, Hakea lissosperma.
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Needlecase (?), n. A case to keep needles.
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needlecraft n. 1. An article or articles created or assembled by needle and thread; needlework.
Syn. -- needlework.
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2. The art, process, or occupation of creating objects with needles, such as in crocheting, embroidery, quilting, or tapestry.
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Needlefish (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The European great pipefish (Siphostoma acus or Syngnathus acus); -- called also earl, and tanglefish. (b) The garfish.
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needleful (?), n.; pl. needlefuls (�). As much thread as is used in a needle at one time.
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Needle-pointed (?), a. Pointed as needles.
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Needler (?), n. One who makes or uses needles; also, a dealer in needles. Piers Plowman.
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Needless (?), a. 1. Having no need. [Obs.]
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Weeping into the needless stream. Shak.
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2. Not wanted; unnecessary; not requisite; as, needless labor; needless expenses.
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3. Without sufficient cause; groundless; causeless. “Needless jealousy.” Shak.
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-- Needlessly, adv. -- Needlessness, n.
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Needlestone (?), n. (Min.) Natrolite; -- called also needle zeolite.
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Needlewoman (?), n.; pl. Needlewomen (�). A woman who does needlework; a seamstress.
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needlewood n. A large bushy shrub (Hakea leucoptera) of central and eastern Australia, with pungent pointed leaves and creamy white flowers.
Syn. -- needle wood, Hakea leucoptera.
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Needlework (?), n. 1. Work executed with a needle; sewed work; sewing; embroidery, crocheting, quilting, or tapestry, etc.; also, the art, process, or occupation of creating objects with needles.
Syn. -- needlecraft.
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2. The combination of timber and plaster making the outside framework of some houses.
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Needly (?), a. Like a needle or needles; as, a needly horn; a needly beard. R. D. Blackmore.
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Needly (?), adv. [AS. nȳdlice. See .] Necessarily; of necessity. [Obs.] hak.
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Needment (?), n. Something needed or wanted. pl. Outfit; necessary luggage. [Archaic] Spenser.
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Carrying each his needments. Wordsworth.
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Needs (?), adv. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. .] Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need.
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A man must needs love mauger his head. Chaucer.
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And he must needs go through Samaria. John iv. 4.
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He would needs know the cause of his repulse. Sir J. Davies.
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Needscost (?), adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Needsly, adv. Of necessity. [Obs.] Drayton.
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Needy (?), a. [Compar. Needier (?); superl. Neediest.] 1. Distressed by want of the means of living; very poor; indigent; necessitous.
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Thou shalt open thy hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy in thy land. Deut. xv. 11.
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Spare the blushes of needy merit. Dr. T. Dwight.
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2. Necessary; requisite. [Obs.]
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Corn to make your needy bread. Shak.
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{ Neeld (?), Neele (?) }, n. [See .] A needle. [Obs.] Shak.
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Neelghau (?), n. (Zoöl.) See .
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Neem tree (?). [Hind. nīm.] (Bot.) An Asiatic name for Melia Azadirachta, and Melia Azedarach. See .
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neencephalon (nēĕnsĕfȧlŏn), (Anat.) The most recently evolved part of the brain of higher animals. It includes the cerebral cortex and related structures.
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Neer (nēr), adv. & a. Nearer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Ne'er (nār or nâr), adv. a contraction of .
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Ne'er-do-well (?), n. A person who never does, or fares, well; a good for nothing.
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The idle and dissolute ne'er-do-wells of their communities. Harper's Mag.
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Neese (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Neesed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Neesing.] [OE. nesen; akin to D. niezen, G. niesen, Icel. hnjōsa.] To sneeze. [Obs.] [Written also neeze.]
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Neesing (?), n. Sneezing. [Obs.] “By his neesings a light doth shine.” Job xli. 18.
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Ne exeat (?). [L. ne exeat regno let him not go out of the kingdom.] (Law) A writ to restrain a person from leaving the country, or the jurisdiction of the court. The writ was originally applicable to purposes of state, but is now an ordinary process of courts of equity, resorted to for the purpose of obtaining bail, or security to abide a decree. Kent.
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Nef (?; F. �), n. [F. See .] The nave of a church. Addison.
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{ Nefand (?), Nefandous (?) }, a. [L. nefandus not to be spoken; ne not + fari to speak.] Unfit to speak of; unmentionable; impious; execrable. [Obs.] “Nefand adominations.” Sheldon. “Nefandous high treason.” Cotton Mather.
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Nefarious (?), a. [L. nefarius, fr. nefas crime, wrong; ne not + fas divine law; akin to fari to speak. See , adv., and .] Wicked in the extreme; abominable; iniquitous; atrociously villainous; execrable; detestably vile.
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Syn. -- Iniquitous; detestable; horrible; heinious; atrocious; infamous; impious. See .
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-- Nefariously, adv. -- Nefariousness, n.
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Nefasch (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any fish of the genus Distichodus. Several large species inhabit the Nile.
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Nefast (?), a. [L. nefastus.] Wicked. [R.]
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Negaprion prop. n. A genus of lemon sharks.
Syn. -- genus Negaprion.
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Negation (?), n. [L. negatio, fr. negare to say no, to deny; ne not + the root of aio I say; cf. Gr. �, Skr. ah to say; cf. F. négation. See , adv., and cf. , , .] 1. The act of denying; assertion of the nonreality or untruthfulness of anything; declaration that something is not, or has not been, or will not be; denial; -- the opposite of affirmation.
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Our assertions and negations should be yea and nay. Rogers.
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2. (Logic) Description or definition by denial, exclusion, or exception; statement of what a thing is not, or has not, from which may be inferred what it is or has.
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Negative (nĕgȧtĭv), a. [F. négatif, L. negativus, fr. negare to deny. See .] 1. Denying; implying, containing, or asserting denial, negation or refusal; returning the answer no to an inquiry or request; refusing assent; as, a negative answer; a negative opinion; -- opposed to affirmative.
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If thou wilt confess,
Or else be impudently negative. Shak.
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Denying me any power of a negative voice. Eikon Basilike.
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Something between an affirmative bow and a negative shake. Dickens.
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2. Not positive; without affirmative statement or demonstration; indirect; consisting in the absence of something; privative; as, a negative argument; negative evidence; a negative morality; negative criticism.
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There in another way of denying Christ, . . . which is negative, when we do not acknowledge and confess him. South.
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3. (Logic) Asserting absence of connection between a subject and a predicate; as, a negative proposition.
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4. (Photog.) Of or pertaining to a picture upon glass or other material, in which the lights and shades of the original, and the relations of right and left, are reversed.
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5. (Chem.) Metalloidal; nonmetallic; -- contrasted with positive or basic; as, the nitro group is negative.
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☞ This word, derived from electro-negative, is now commonly used in a more general sense, when acidiferous is the intended signification.
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Coloq. Negative crystal . (a) A cavity in a mineral mass, having the form of a crystal. (b) A crystal which has the power of negative double refraction. See . -- Coloq. negative electricity (Elec.), the kind of electricity which is developed upon resin or ebonite when rubbed, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery which is connected with the plate most attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly called resinous electricity. Opposed to positive electricity. Formerly, according to Franklin's theory of a single electric fluid, negative electricity was supposed to be electricity in a degree below saturation, or the natural amount for a given body. See . -- Coloq. Negative eyepiece . (Opt.) see under . -- Coloq. Negative quantity (Alg.), a quantity preceded by the negative sign, or which stands in the relation indicated by this sign to some other quantity. See Negative sign (below). -- Coloq. Negative rotation , right-handed rotation. See , 3. -- Coloq. Negative sign , the sign -, or minus (opposed in signification to +, or plus), indicating that the quantity to which it is prefixed is to be subtracted from the preceding quantity, or is to be reckoned from zero or cipher in the opposite direction to that of quanties having the sign plus either expressed or understood; thus, in a - b, b is to be substracted from a, or regarded as opposite to it in value; and -10° on a thermometer means 10° below the zero of the scale.
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