Painterly - paleencephalon

Painterly (pāntẽrl�), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] “A painterly glose of a visage.” Sir P. Sidney.
[ Webster]

Paintership, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Bp. Gardiner.
[ Webster]

Painting, n. 1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, paints or colors.
[ Webster]

2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored representation of any object or scene; a picture.
[ Webster]

3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak.
[ Webster]

4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words.
[ Webster]

Syn. -- See .
[ Webster]

Paintless, a. Not capable of being painted or described. “In paintless patience.” Savage.
[ Webster]

Painture (pānt�r; 135), n. [F. peinture. See , v. t., and cf. .] The art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden.
[ Webster]

Painty (pānt�), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the surface. [Cant]
[ Webster]

Pair (pâr), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. , equality, an equal.]
[ Webster]

1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. “A pair of beads.” Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. “Four pair of stairs.” Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite disused.]
[ Webster]

Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. Beau. & Fl.
[ Webster]

2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes.
[ Webster]

3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen.
[ Webster]

4. A married couple; a man and wife. “A happy pair.” Dryden. “The hapless pair.” Milton.
[ Webster]

5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of pants; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows.
[ Webster]

6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question (in order, for example, to allow the members to be absent during the vote without affecting the outcome of the vote), or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] A member who is thus paired with one who would have voted oppositely is said to be paired for or paired against a measure, depending on the member's position.
[ Webster +PJC]

7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion.
[ Webster]

☞ Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair.
[ Webster]

Coloq. Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three “eight spots” etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. “Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand.” Goldsmith. “That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates].” Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and prial.]
[ Webster]

Syn. -- , , . Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A “pair of stairs” is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, “flight of stairs.”
[ Webster]

Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.] 1. To be joined in pairs; to couple; to mate, as for breeding.
[ Webster]

2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart.
[ Webster]

My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. Rowe.
[ Webster]

3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below.
[ Webster]

Coloq. To pair off , to separate from a group in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See , n., 6.
[ Webster]

Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another.
[ Webster]

Glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope.
[ Webster]

2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant]
[ Webster]

Coloq. Paired fins . (Zoöl.) See under .
[ Webster]

Pair, v. t. [See .] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser.
[ Webster]

paired (pârd), adj. 1. Organized into compatible pairs; -- used of gloves, socks, etc. See {1}, v. t.
Syn. -- mated.
[WordNet 1.5]

2. (Botany) Growing in pairs on either side of a stem; -- of leaves etc. alternate
Syn. -- opposite.
[WordNet 1.5]

3. Mated sexually.
[WordNet 1.5]

Pairer (pârẽr), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif.
[ Webster]

Pairing, n. [See , v. i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or arranging in pairs or couples.
[ Webster]

2. See To pair off, under , v. i.
[ Webster]

Coloq. Pairing time , the time when birds or other animals pair.
[ Webster]

Pairment (pârm�nt), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif.
[ Webster]

Pair production (Physics) The simultaneous creation of a particle and its antiparticle, such as an electron and positron, from a photon; -- usually due to its interaction with the strong field near a nucleus.
[PJC]

Pais (pȧ�), n. [OF. puïs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country; the people of the neighborhood.
[ Webster]

☞ A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury.
[ Webster]

Paisano (pä�sän�), n. [Sp., of the country, native.] 1. (Zoöl.) The chaparral cock; the roadrunner.

2. A compatriot.
[PJC]

3. A comrade; a pal; a buddy.
[PJC]

Paise (pāz), n. [Obs.] See . Chapman.
[ Webster]

Pajamas (?), n. pl. [Hind. pā-jāma, pāejāma, lit., leg closing.] Originally, in India, loose drawers or trousers, such as those worn, tied about the waist, by Mohammedan men and women; by extension, a similar garment adopted among Europeans, Americans, etc., for wear in the dressing room and during sleep; also, a suit consisting of drawers and a loose upper garment for such wear. [Also spelled pyjamas.]
[Webster Suppl.]

Pajock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak.
[ Webster]

pak-choi n. An Asiatic plant (Brassica rapa chinensis) grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves.
Syn. -- bok choy, bok choi, pak choi, Chinese white cabbage, Brassica rapa chinensis.
[WordNet 1.5]

Pakfong (?), n. See .
[ Webster]

Pakistan prop. n. A country in South Asia formerly part of British India.
Syn. -- West Pakistan.
[WordNet 1.5]

 Data on Pakistan from the CIA WOrld Factbook, 1996

Geography:
Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran
Geographic coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references: Asia
Area: 
total area: 803,940 sq km
land area: 778,720 sq km
comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries: 
total: 6,774 km
border countries: Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
Coastline: 1,046 km
Maritime claims: 
contiguous zone: 24 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: status of Kashmir with India; border dispute with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems over the Indus (Wular Barrage) with upstream riparian India
Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m
Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use: 
arable land: 23%
permanent crops: 0%
meadows and pastures: 6%
forest and woodland: 4%
other: 67% (1993)
Irrigated land: 170,000 sq km (1992)
Environment: 

current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification

natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)

international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Geographic note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent

People:
Population: 129,275,660 (July 1996 est.)
Age structure: 
0-14 years: 42% (male 28,286,823; female 26,640,019)
15-64 years: 53% (male 35,396,281; female 33,733,798)
65 years and over: 5% (male 2,621,721; female 2,597,018) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.24% (1996 est.)
Birth rate: 36.16 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate: 11.22 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate: -2.6 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio: 
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.01 male(s)/female
all ages: 1.05 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 96.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: 
total population: 58.46 years
male: 57.7 years
female: 59.25 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate: 5.25 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Pakistani(s)
adjective: Pakistani
Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendants)
Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Languages: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1995 est.)
total population: 37.8%
male: 50%
female: 24.4%

Government:
Name of country: 
conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form: Pakistan
former: West Pakistan
Data code: PK
Type of government: republic
Capital: Islamabad
Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory, and 1 capital territory; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Islamabad Capital Territory, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985
Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
Executive branch: 
chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI (since 13 November 1993) was elected for a five-year term by Parliament; election last held 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies
head of government: Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO (since 19 October 1993) was elected by the National Assembly
cabinet: Cabinet was elected by the National Assembly
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
Senate: elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1
National Assembly: elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results pending 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, judicial chiefs are appointed by the president; Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
Political parties and leaders: 
government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA); Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan
opposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Ajmal Khan KHATTAK; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF); Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH); Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI
frequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Front) includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F), Pir PAGARO; Pakistan National Party (PNP); Milli Yakjheti Council (MYC) is an umbrella organization which includes Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S), Tehrik-I-Jafria Pakistan (TJP), Allama Sajid NAQVI, and Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction (JUP/NO)
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Other political or pressure groups: military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential
International organization participation: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM III, UNCRO, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIH, UNOMIG, UNOMIL, UNPREDEP, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Diplomatic representation in US: 
chief of mission: Ambassador Maleeha LODHI
chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 939-6200
FAX: [1] (202) 387-0484
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
US diplomatic representation: 
chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas SIMONS, Jr.
embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, Unit 6220, APO AE 09812-2200
telephone: [92] (51) 826161 through 826179
FAX: [92] (51) 214222
consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore
consulate(s): Peshawar

Flag: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Economy
Economic overview: Pakistan is a poor, highly populated Third World country struggling to make the difficult transition to the modern world of high technology and internationalized markets. Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO has been under pressure from the IMF and other donors to continue the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993).  The IMF suspended a $1.5 billion Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF) in mid-1995 because Pakistan slowed the pace of economic reform. Islamabad's most recent budget -- announced in June 1995 -- reversed some reforms agreed to by the IMF earlier that year, including a slowing of tariff reform. In mid-December 1995, however, the IMF approved a $600 million standby arrangement and urged Pakistan to move forward with economic liberalization. Islamabad has agreed to new economic targets with the IMF, which could lay the basis for a return to an ESAF in 1996. Little progress was made in the privatization of large state-owned units in 1995.  The sale of the power plant Kot Addu - scheduled for April 1995 - was stalled by opposition from labor unions.  The sale of a 26% share of United Bank Limited and the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation to strategic investors was due to take place in 1995 but has been pushed back to 1996.  On the plus side real GDP grew 4.7% in 1995, up from 3.9% in 1994: GDP should grow even faster in 1996 as a result of an above average cotton crop.  Secondly, Islamabad reduced the budget deficit to 5.6% of GDP at the end of FY94/95, down from 8% two years earlier.  Thirdly, Pakistan attracted $1.6 billion in foreign direct and portfolio investment in FY94/95, more than double inflows of $650 million in the previous fiscal year; financial agreements were reached on five power projects in 1995, including the 1,300-MW $1.8 billion Hab River project.  Despite these improvements, the economy remains vulnerable to crisis.  Foreign exchange reserves fell dramatically in 1995, reaching a low of about $1 billion in early December 1995 -- only five weeks of import cover -- before rising to $1.5 billion by yearend.  The trade deficit rose to $2 billion for the first six months of FY94/95, triple the deficit of $600 million during the same period in FY93/94.  The government responded to this situation with a package of stabilization reforms on 28 October 1995 which included a 7% devaluation of the rupee, supplementary duties of 10% on many imports, and higher petroleum prices.  Islamabad hopes these moves will help make its exports more competitive.  For the long run, Pakistan must deal with serious problems of deteriorating infrastructure, low literacy levels, and persistent law and order problems in Karachi.
GDP: purchasing power parity - $274.2 billion (1995 est.)
GDP real growth rate: 4.7% (1995 est.)
GDP per capita: $2,100 (1995 est.)
GDP composition by sector: 
agriculture: 24%
industry: 27%
services: 49% (1995 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 13% (1995 est.)
Labor force: 36 million
by occupation: agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19%
note: extensive export of labor
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget: 
revenues: $11.9 billion
expenditures: $12.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95)
Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp
Industrial production growth rate: 5% (1995 est.)
Electricity: 
capacity: 12,530,000 kW (1995)
production: 43.3 billion kWh (1995)
consumption per capita: 389 kWh (1993)
Agriculture: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Illicit drugs: major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; remains world's fourth largest opium producer (155 metric tons in 1995); major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market
Exports: $8.7 billion (1995 est.)
commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets
partners: US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France
Imports: $10.7 billion (1995 est.)
commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals
partners: Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea
External debt: $26 billion (1995 est.)
Economic aid: 
recipient: ODA, $697 million (1993)
note: $2.5 billion (includes bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments) (FY93/94); $3 billion (includes bilateral and multilateral aid but no US commitments) (FY94/95)
Currency: 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 34.339 (January 1996), 31.643 (1995), 30.567 (1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991)
Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June

Transportation:
Railways: 
total: 8,163 km
broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified; 1,037 km double track)
narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge; 661 km less than 1.000-m gauge (1995 est.)
Highways: 
total: 205,304 km
paved: 104,735 km
unpaved: 100,569 km (1995 est.)
Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
Ports: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant marine: 
total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 345,606 GRT/560,641 DWT
ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 19, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 1 (1995 est.)
Airports: 
total: 100
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 12
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 19
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 25
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 11
with paved runways under 914 m: 18
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 (1995 est.)
Heliports: 6 (1995 est.)

Communications:
Telephones: 1.572 million (1993 est.)
Telephone system: the domestic system is mediocre, but adequate for government and business use, in part because major businesses have established their own private systems; since 1988, the government has promoted investment in the national telecommunications system on a priority basis; despite major improvements in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication services are still not readily available to the major portion of the population
domestic: microwave radio relay
international: satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries
Radio broadcast stations: AM 26, FM 8, shortwave 11
Radios: 11.3 million (1992 est.)
Television broadcast stations: 29
Televisions: 2.08 million (1993 est.)

Defense:
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard
Manpower availability: 
males age 15-49: 30,519,339
males fit for military service: 18,720,175
males reach military age (17) annually: 1,437,208 (1996 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.1 billion, 5.3% of GDP (FY95/96)

Pakistani prop. adj. Of or relating to Pakistan or its people or language; as, Pakistani mountain passes.
[WordNet 1.5]

Pakistani prop. n. A native or inhabitant of Pakistan.
[WordNet 1.5]

Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice or confederate. [Slang]
[ Webster]

Palace (păl�s; 48), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium, one of the seven hills of Rome, on which Augustus had his residence. Cf. .]
[ Webster]

1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for ceremony and reception. Chaucer.
[ Webster]

2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage.
[ Webster]

3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house.
[ Webster]

Coloq. Palace car . See under . -- Coloq. Palace court , a court having jurisdiction of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W.
[ Webster]

Palacious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt.
[ Webster]

Paladin (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of the palace. See .] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott.
[ Webster]

palaeo-, Palæo- (?). See .
[ Webster]

Palæographer (?), n., Palæographic (�), a., etc. See , , etc.
[ Webster]

palaeolithic adj. Same as .
Syn. -- paleolithic.
[WordNet 1.5]

palaeology n. The study of (especially prehistoric) antiquities.
Syn. -- paleology.
[WordNet 1.5]

palaeontologist n. A specialist in paleontology.
Syn. -- paleontologist.
[WordNet 1.5]

palaeontology n. The branch of archeology that studies fossil organisms and related remains.
Syn. -- paleontology, fossilology.
[WordNet 1.5]

palaeopathology n. The study of diseases of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence).
Syn. -- paleopathology.
[WordNet 1.5]

palaeornithology n. The paleobiology of birds.
Syn. -- paleornithology.
[WordNet 1.5]

Palæotype (?), n. [Palæo- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of representing all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis. -- Palæotypical (#), a. -- Palæotypically, adv.
[ Webster]

palaeozoology n. The study of fossil animals.
Syn. -- paleozoology.
[WordNet 1.5]

Palæstra (?), n. See .
[ Webster]

Palæstric (?), a. See .
[ Webster]

Palætiologist (?), n. One versed in palætiology.
[ Webster]

palaetiology, Palætiology (?), n. [Palæo- + ætiology.] The science which explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of the earth; the explanation of past events in terms of scientific causes, such as geological causes. -- Palætiological (#), a.
Syn. -- paletiology.
[ Webster + WordNet 1.5]

Palama (pălȧmȧ), n.; pl. Palamæ (pălȧmē). [NL., fr. Gr. palamh the palm.] (Zoöl.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting them more or less closely together.
[ Webster]

Palamate (pălȧm�t), a. [From .] (Zoöl.) Web-footed.
[Webster Suppl.]

Palamedeæ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An order, or suborder, including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds.
[ Webster]

Palampore (?), n. See .
[ Webster]

Palanka (pȧlȧṉkȧ), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr. L. palanga, phalanga a pole, Gr. falagx.] (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, attached to Turkish frontier fortresses.
[ Webster]

Palanquin (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki, OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. paryaṅka, palyaṅka, bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + aṅka a hook, flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. .] An inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.]
[ Webster]

Palapteryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct ostrichlike bird of New Zealand.
[ Webster]

Palatability (?), n. Palatableness.
[ Webster]

Palatable (?), a. [From .] Agreeable to the palate or taste; savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable advice. Opposite of unpalatable.
[ Webster]

Palatableness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the taste; relish; acceptableness.
[ Webster]

Palatably, adv. In a palatable manner.
[ Webster]

Palatal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to the palate; palatine; as, the palatal bones.
[ Webster]

2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain sounds, as the sound of k in kirk.
[ Webster]

Palatal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the aid of the palate, as the letters k and y.
[ Webster]

palatalise v. 1. Same as .
Syn. -- palatalize, palatize.
[WordNet 1.5]

Palatalize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; especially: to pronounce a consonant with the tongue against the palate; as, to palatalize a letter or sound; to palatize. See .
[ Webster + WordNet 1.5]

palatalized adj. (Linguistics, Phonology) Produced with the front of the tongue near or touching the hard palate as y; or with the blade of the tongue near the hard palate as ch in chin or j in gin.
Syn. -- palatal.
[WordNet 1.5]

Palate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.] 1. (Anat.) The roof of the mouth.
[ Webster]

☞ The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum.
[ Webster]

2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion that the palate is the organ of taste.
[ Webster]

Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. Pope.
[ Webster]

3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker.
[ Webster]

4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon.
[ Webster]

Palate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak.
[ Webster]

Palatial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See .] Of or pertaining to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; magnificent; as, palatial structures. “Palatial style.” A. Drummond.
[ Webster]

Palatial, a. [From .] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow.
[ Webster]

Palatial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones.
[ Webster]

Palatic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine.
[ Webster]

Palatic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.]
[ Webster]

palatinate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See .] The province or seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell.
[ Webster]

Palatinate (?), prop. n. Either of two regions in Germany, formerly divisions of the Holy Roman Empire; the Lower Palatinate or Rhine Palatinate is now within the Rhineland-Palatinate; the Upper Palatinate is now within Bavaria. It is usually referred to as the Palatinate.
[PJC]

☞ Palatinate The (pălătĭn�t). [F. Palatinat, G. Pfalz, ML. Palatinatus, the province of count palatine, from palatinatus, palatine.] A former German State. Its territories were originally in the region of the Rhine, and from the 14th century to 1620 embraced two separate regions, the Rhine (or Lower) Palatinate (distinctively the Palatinate), and the Upper Palatinate (see below). The palsgraves on the Rhine, whose original seat was at Aix-la-Chapelle, were important princes of the empire as early as the 11th century. Early in the 13th century the Palatinate passed to the Bavarian dynasty of Wittelsbach, which soon after branched off into the Bavarian and palatine lines. The Palatinate was enlarged early in the 14th Century with a part of Bavaria (the Upper Palatinate). The Golden Bull of 1356 designated the Palatinate as one of the seven electorates. In the 16th century Heidelberg, the capital of the electors palatine, became a great center of Calvinism. The elector Frederick V., having accepted the Bohemian crown in 1619, and having been overthrown in 1620, was stripped of his dominions. The electoral dignity was transferred to Bavaria in 1623, and the Upper Palatinate was annexed to it. By the treaty of 1648 the Rhine Palatinate was restored to its former rulers, and an eighth electorate created for it, the Upper Palatinate being confirmed to Bavaria. The Rhine palatinate was terribly ravaged by the French in 1674 and 1689. The Palatinate and the Bavarian lands were united in 1777. In 1801 the Rhine Palatinate was divided: all west of the Rhine was ceded to France; Baden received Heidelberg, Mannheim, etc.; and the rest fell to Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau, etc. By the treaties of 1814-15 the French portion west of the Rhine was restored to Germany: Prussia and Hesse-Darmstadt received portions, but the greater portion fell to Bavaria. This part is the present Rhine Palatinate, or Lower Palatinate (G. Rheinpfalz or Unterpfalz): it is bounded by the Rhine on the east, and borders on Hesse, Prussia, and Alsace-Lorraine. It forms a Regierungs-bezirk of Bavaria, with Spires as Capital. It is traversed by the Hardt Mountains, and produces grain, wine, coal, etc. Area, 2,289 square miles. Population (1890), 728,339. The Upper Palatinate (9. Oberpfalz) forms a Regierungs-bezirk of Bavaria under the title Upper Palatinate and Ratisbon (Regensburg). It borders on Bohemia. Capital, Ratisbon. It has extensive forests and flourishing industries. Area, 3,729 square miles. Population (1890), 537,954.
[Century Dict., 1906]

Palatinate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller.
[ Webster]

palatine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See , and cf. .] 1. Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges.
[ Webster]

2. Of or pertaining to the Palatinate.
[PJC]

3. Of or pertaining to a Palatine{1}.
[PJC]

Coloq. Count palatine , Coloq. County palatine . See under , and . -- Coloq. Palatine hill , or Coloq. The palatine , one of the seven hills of Rome, once occupied by the palace of the Cæsars. See also in the vocabulary, and .
[ Webster]

Palatine (?), n. 1. One invested with royal privileges and rights within his domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th .
[ Webster]

2. The Palatine hill in Rome.
[ Webster]

palatine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate; palatal.
[ Webster]

Coloq. Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries.
[ Webster]

Palatine n. (Anat.) A palatine bone.
[ Webster]

Palatine Hill (pălȧtīn), prop. n. [L. Mons Palatinus, It. Monte Palatino.] One of the seven hills of Rome, situated southeast of the Capitoline and north-northeast of the Aventine. It borders on the Roman Forum; is the traditional seat of the city founded by Romulus; was the seat of private and later of imperial residences; and contains many antiquities.
[Century Dict., 1906]

Palative (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] “Palative delights.” Sir T. Browne.
[ Webster]

Palatize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of the palate; to palatalize; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Palatization (#), n. J. Peile.
[ Webster]

Palato- (?). [From .] A combining form used in anatomy to indicate relation to the palate, or connection with the palate; as in palatolingual.
[ Webster]

Palatonares (?), n. pl. [NL. See , and .] (Anat.) The posterior nares. See .
[ Webster]

Palatopterygoid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and pterygoid bones are developed.
[ Webster]

Palaver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See .]
[ Webster]

1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to deceive; flattery.
[ Webster]

2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public conference and deliberation; a debate.
[ Webster]

This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. Carlyle.
[ Webster]

Palaver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver; to talk idly or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully.
[ Webster]

Palavering the little language for her benefit. C. Bronté
[ Webster]

Palaverer (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer.
[ Webster]

Pale (pāl), a. [Compar. Paler (pālẽr); superl. Palest.] [F. pâle, fr. pâlir to turn pale, L. pallere to be or look pale. Cf. , , , v. i., .]
[ Webster]

1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue. “Pale as a forpined ghost.” Chaucer.
[ Webster]

Speechless he stood and pale. Milton.
[ Webster]

They are not of complexion red or pale. T. Randolph.
[ Webster]

2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale light of the moon.
[ Webster]

The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick;
It looks a little paler. Shak.
[ Webster]

☞ Pale is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc.
[ Webster]

Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak.
[ Webster]

Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (pāld); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier.
[ Webster]

Apt to pale at a trodden worm. Mrs. Browning.
[ Webster]

Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.
[ Webster]

The glowworm shows the matin to be near,
And 'gins to pale his uneffectual fire. Shak.
[ Webster]

Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See a stake, and 1st .] 1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; a picket.
[ Webster]

Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. Mortimer.
[ Webster]

2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a palisade. “Within one pale or hedge.” Robynson (More's Utopia).
[ Webster]

3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. “To walk the studious cloister's pale.” Milton. “Out of the pale of civilization.” Macaulay.
[ Webster]

4. Hence: A region within specified bounds, whether or not enclosed or demarcated.
[PJC]

5. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer.
[ Webster]

6. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and occupying one third of it.
[ Webster]

7. A cheese scoop. Simmonds.
[ Webster]

8. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.
[ Webster]

Coloq. English pale , Coloq. Irish pale (Hist.), the limits or territory in Eastern Ireland within which alone the English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after their invasion of the country by Henry II in 1172. See note, below. -- Coloq. beyond the pale outside the limits of what is allowed or proper; also, outside the limits within which one is protected. Spencer.
[ Webster +PJC]

The English Pale. That part of Ireland in which English law was acknowledged, and within which the dominion of the English was restricted, for some centuries after the conquests of Henry II. John distributed the part of Ireland then subject to England into 12 counties palatine, and this region became subsequently known as the Pale, but the limits varied at different times.
[Century Dict., 1906]

Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to encompass; to fence off.
[ Webster]

[Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in
With rocks unscalable and roaring waters. Shak.
[ Webster]

Palea (?), n.; pl. Paleæ (-ē). [L., chaff.]
[ Webster]

1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc.
[ Webster]

2. (Zoöl.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as in the turkey; a dewlap.
[ Webster]

Paleaceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or consisting of paleæ, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a paleaceous receptacle.
[ Webster]

Palearctic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and all temperate Asia.
[ Webster]

Paled (?), a. [See 5th .] 1. Striped. [Obs.] “[Buskins] . . . paled part per part.” Spenser.
[ Webster]

2. Inclosed with a paling. “A paled green.” Spenser.
[ Webster]

Paleëchinoidea (?), n. pl. [NL. See , and .] (Zoöl.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also Palæechini. [Written also Palæechinoidea.]
[ Webster]

paleencephalon n. The more primitive parts of the brain phylogenetically; it includes most structures other than the cerebral cortex.
Syn. -- paleoencephalon, palaeoencephalon.
[WordNet 1.5]

Prev Next

Concept Explore Home