Pend - Penitently

Pend (pĕnd), n. Oil cake; penock. [India]
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Pend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] [L. pendere.] 1. To hang; to depend. [R.]
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Pending upon certain powerful motions. I. Taylor.
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2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment.
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Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an inclosure.] To pen; to confine. [R.]
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ended within the limits . . . of Greece. Udall.
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Pendant (pĕnd�nt), n. [F., orig. p. pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf. , , , , .] 1. Something which hangs or depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an ornamental character, as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an appendix or addition, as to a book.
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Some hang upon the pendants of her ear. Pope.
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Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the Tales and Popular Fictions. Keightley.
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2. Hence: An ornamental object or piece of jewelry with a hook so that it can be hung from a chain around the neck.
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3. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and wood, which are mere decorative features. “[A bridge] with . . . pendants graven fair.” Spenser.
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4. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the pendant to the other vase.
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5. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.
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6. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.] Knight.
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Coloq. Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of the roof.
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Pendence (?), n. [See .] Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
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Pendency (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being pendent or suspended.
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2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe.
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Pendent (pĕnd�nt), a. [L. pendens, -entis, p. pr. of pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. .] 1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. “The pendent world.” Shak.
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Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle. Longfellow.
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2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. “A vapor sometime like a . . . pendent rock.” Shak.
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Pendentive (pĕndĕntĭv, n. [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.] (Arch.) (a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a cupola. (b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and springs from, one pier or corbel.
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Pendently, adv. In a pendent manner.
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Pendice (?), n. [Cf. .] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse. [Obs.] Fairfax.
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Pendicle (?), n. [Cf. .] An appendage; something dependent on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott.
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Pendicler (?), n. An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or croft. [Scot.] Jamieson.
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Pending (?), a. [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. .] Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspension; as, a pending suit.
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Pending, prep. 1. During; as, pending the trail. [Archaic]
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2. Until; awaiting; as, no decision will be taken pending his arrival.
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Pendragon (?), n. A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other chiefs.
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The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings. Tennyson.
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Pendular (?), a. Pendulous.
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Pendulate (?), v. i. To swing as a pendulum. [R.]
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Pendule (?), n. [F.] A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn.
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Penduline (?), n. [F. See .] (Zoöl.) A European titmouse (Parus pendulinus, syn. Ægithalus pendulinus). It is noted for its elegant pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined with feathers.
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Pendulosity (?), n. [See .] The state or quality of being pendulous. Sir T. Browne.
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Pendulous (?), a. [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. , and cf. .] 1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. “The pendulous round earth.” Milton.
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2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] “A pendulous state of mind.” Atterbury.
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3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary.
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Pendulously, adv. In a pendulous manner.
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Pendulousness, n. The quality or state of being pendulous; the state of hanging loosely; pendulosity.
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Pendulum (?), n.; pl. Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging, swinging. See .] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other machinery.
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☞ The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of vibration, provided this arc be small.
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Coloq. Ballistic pendulum . See under . -- Coloq. Compensation pendulum , a clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by the opposite expansion of sets of rods of different metals. -- Coloq. Compound pendulum , an ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Coloq. Conical pendulum or Coloq. Revolving pendulum , a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a horizontal circle about the vertical from that point. -- Coloq. Pendulum bob , the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Coloq. Pendulum level , a plumb level. See under . -- Coloq. Pendulum wheel , the balance of a watch. -- Coloq. Simple pendulum or Coloq. Theoretical pendulum , an imaginary pendulum having no dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal line.
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Peneidae prop. n. A natural family of tropical prawns.
Syn. -- family Peneidae.
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Penelope (p�nĕl�pē), prop. n. [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, the hero of the Odyssey, Gr. Phneloph.] (Zoöl.) A genus of curassows, including the guans.
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Peneplain (?), n. [L. paene, pene, almost + E. plain.] (Phys. Geog.) A land surface reduced by erosion to the general condition of a plain, but not wholly devoid of hills; a base-level plain.
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Penetrability (?), n. [Cf. F. pénétrabilité.] The quality of being penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Cheyne.
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Penetrable (?), a. [L. penetrabilus: cf. F. pénétrable.] Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively.
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And pierce his only penetrable part. Dryden.
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I am not made of stones,
But penetrable to your kind entreats. Shak.
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-- Penetrableness, n. -- Penetrably, adv.
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Penetrail (?), n. Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey.
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Penetralia (?), n. pl. [L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal. See .] 1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or place, especially of a temple or palace.
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2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred penetralia of the home.
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{ Penetrance (?), Penetrancy (?), } n. The quality or state of being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power or quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia.
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Penetrant (?), a. [L. penetrans, p. pr. of penetrare: cf. F. pénétrant.] Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; subtile; as, penetrant cold. “Penetrant and powerful arguments.” Boyle.
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Penetrate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penetrating.] [L. penetratus, p. p. of penetrare to penetrate; akin to penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to pens with, in the power of, penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.] 1. To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; as, light penetrates darkness.
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2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart with pity. Shak.
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The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of the plainness and directness of Homer's style. M. Arnold.
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3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to understand.
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Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. Ray.
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Penetrate, v. i. To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used figuratively.
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Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. J. R. Green.
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Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. Pope.
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The sweet of life that penetrates so near. Daniel.
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Penetrating (?), a. 1. Having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor.
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2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating mind.
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Penetratingly, adv. In a penetrating manner.
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Penetration (?), n. [L. penetratio: cf. F. pénétration.] 1. The act or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult.
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And to each in ward part,
With gentle penetration, though unseen,
Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. Milton.
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A penetration into the difficulties of algebra. Watts.
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2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of singular penetration. Walpole.
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Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. See , and .
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Penetrative (?), a. [Cf. F. pénétratif.] 1. Tending to penetrate; of a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun.
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His look became keen and penetrative. Hawthorne.
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2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; as, penetrative shame. Shak.
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3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. “The penetrative eye.” Wordsworth.
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Led on by skill of penetrative soul. Grainger.
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Penetrativeness, n. The quality of being penetrative.
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Penfish (?), n. (Zoöl.) A squid.
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Penfold (?), n. See .
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pen-friend n. A person one comes to know by by frequent friendly correspondence; a pen pal.
Syn. -- pen pal, pen-pal, penfriend.
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Pengolin (?), n. (Zoöl.) The pangolin.
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Penguin (pĕngwĭn), n. [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under .
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☞ Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions. The king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and Aptenodytes longirostris) are the largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and the rock hoppers (Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds.
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2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia Pinguin) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has rigid, pointed, and spiny-toothed leaves, and is used for hedges. [Written also pinguin.]
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Coloq. Arctic penguin (Zoöl.), the great auk. See .
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Penguinery (?), n. (Zoöl.) A breeding place, or rookery, of penguins.
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Penholder (?), n. A handle for a pen.
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Penhouse (pĕnhous), n. A penthouse. [Obs.]
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Penible (?), a. [OF. penible. Cf. .] Painstaking; assidous. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Penicil (pĕnĭsĭl), n. [L. penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a roil of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.) A tent or pledget for wounds or ulcers.
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Penicillamine (?), n. (Chem., Med.) A substance (C5H11NO2S) which is a degradation product of the penicillins. Chemically it is 3-mercapto-D-valine. It has chelating properties and is used in medicine as an antirheumatic and to chelate copper in cases of hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease).
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Penicillate (?), a. [Cf. F. pénicillé. See .] (Biol.) Having the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some grasses.
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Penicilliform (?), a. (Bot.) Penicillate.
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penicillin (pĕnĭsĭllĭn), n. [From Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first isolated.] (Chem.) Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a carboxyl group is attached, but most commonly interpreted as benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply “penicillin”.
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☞The characteristic portion of the structure characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
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Penicillinase (?), n. (Bioch.) An enzyme which destroys the antibacterial activity of penicillin by hydrolyzing the amide bond in the beta-lactam ring. Many penicillinases are known, and are produced by a wide variety of bacteria. The production of penicillinase is one of the mechanisms by which bacteria may become resistant to penicillins. Penicillinase production in various bacterial species may be induced, i.e., it may occur only when stimulated by the presence of penicillin in the culture medium, or it may be constitutive, i.e., it may occur whenever the cells are producing protein. Molecular weights of the various penicillinases tend to cluster near 50,000.
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Peninsula (?), n. [L. peninsula or paeninsula; paene almost + insula an island. See .] A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus.
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Peninsular (?), a. [Cf. F. péninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular war.
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Peninsula State. Florida; -- a nickname.
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Peninsulate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peninsulating.] To form into a peninsula.
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South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm. W. Bentley.
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Penis (pēnĭs), n. [L.] (Anat.) The erectile external sexual organ of males, used in copulation, and in mammals, also for urination.
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Penitence (?), n. [F. pénitence, L. paenitentia. See , and cf. .] The quality or condition of being penitent; the disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; contrition. “Penitence of his old guilt.” Chaucer.
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Death is deferred, and penitenance has room
To mitigate, if not reverse, the doom. Dryden.
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Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction.
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Penitencer (?), n. [F. pénitencier.] A priest who heard confession and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases. [Written also penitenser.] [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Penitency (?), n. Penitence. [Obs.]
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Penitent (?), a. [F. pénitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens, p. pr. of paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob. akin to poena punishment. See .] 1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of guilt, and resolved on amendment of life.
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Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. Milton.
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The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered. Dryden.
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2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak.
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Penitent, n. 1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of his transgressions.
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2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing penance.
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3. One under the direction of a confessor.
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☞ Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in charitable acts.
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Penitential (?), a. [Cf. F. pénitentiel.] Of or pertaining to penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of penance; as, the penitential book; penitential tears. “Penitential stripes.” Cowper.
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Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse. Sir W. Scott.
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Penitential, n. (R. C. Ch.) A book formerly used by priests hearing confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called also penitential book.
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Penitentially, adv. In a penitential manner.
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Penitentiary (pĕnĭtĕnshȧr�), a. [Cf. F. pénitentiaire.] 1. Relating to penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. “A penitentiary tax.” Abp. Bramhall.
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2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter.
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3. Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation. “Penitentiary houses.” Blackstone.
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Penitentiary, n.; pl. Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F. pénitencier. See .] 1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. [Obs.] Bacon.
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2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond.
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3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. Shpiley.
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4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley.
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5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of the papal court which examines cases of conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers decisions, dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope. (b) An officer in some dioceses since A. D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases reserved to him.
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6. A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are generally compelled to labor; a prison; a jail. Colloquially often shortened to pen.
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Penitentiaryship, n. The office or condition of a penitentiary of the papal court. [R.] Wood.
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Penitently, adv. In a penitent manner.
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