Period - Peristoma
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8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and intermission.
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9. (Mus.) A complete musical sentence.
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Coloq. The period , the present or current time, as distinguished from all other times.
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Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end; conclusion; determination.
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Period (?), v. t. To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak.
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Period, v. i. To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] “You may period upon this, that,” etc. Felthman.
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Periodate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of periodic acid.
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Periodic (?), a. [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO�) of iodine.
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{ Periodic (?), Periodical (?), } a. [L. periodicus, Gr. �: cf. F. périodique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to division by periods.
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The periodicaltimes of all the satellites.
Sir J. Herschel.
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2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the planets round the sun.
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3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly, after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics.
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The periodic return of a plant's flowering.
Henslow.
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To influence opinion through the periodical press.
Courthope.
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4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete sentence.
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Coloq. Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to the sun. -- Coloq. Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur at fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and are hence called doubly periodic. -- Coloq. Periodic law (Chem.), the generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. “In other words, if the elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the entire series.” The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements.
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TABLE OF THE PERIODIC LAW OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
(The vertical columns contain the periodic groups)
Series1{ 2{ 3{ 4{ 5{ 6{ 7{ 8{ 9{ 10{ 11{ 12{
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|I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII.
| RH4 RH3 RH3 RH
|R2O RO R3O3 RO2 R2O5 RO3 R2O7 RO4
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H
1
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Li
7
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Na
23
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K
39
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(Cu)
63
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Rb
85.2
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(Ag)
(108)
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Cs
133
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(-)
|
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(-)
|
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(Au)
(197)
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(-)
|
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☞ A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called Mendelejeff's law. Important extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron, ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium.
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-- Coloq. Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of brightness recur at fixed periods. -- Coloq. Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.), the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a satellite about its primary.
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Periodical, n. A magazine or other publication which appears at stated or regular intervals.
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Periodicalist, n. One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical.
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Periodically, adv. In a periodical manner.
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Periodicalness, n. Periodicity.
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Periodicity (?), n.; pl. Periodicities (#). [Cf. F. périodicité.] The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, the periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants. Henfrey.
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Periodide (?), n. [Pref. per- + iodide.] An iodide containing a higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance or series.
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Periodontal (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. �, �, tooth.] (Anat.) Surrounding the teeth.
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Periodoscope (?), n. [Period + -scope.] (Med.) A table or other means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison.
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{ Periœci, Periœcians, } n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr. �; � around + � house, dwelling.] Those who live on the same parallel of latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place when it is midnight in the other. Compare .
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Periople (?), n. [F. périople, from Gr. � about + � the hoof of a horse.] (Anat.) The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the horse and allied animals.
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Perioplic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople; connected with the periople.
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Periosteal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining to the periosteum.
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Periosteum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � round the bones; � around + � a bone: cf. L. periosteon.] (Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the articular surfaces.
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Periostitis (?), n. [NL. See , and .] (Med.) Inflammation of the periosteum.
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Periostracum (?), n.; pl. Periostraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr. � around + � shell of a testacean.] (Zoöl.) A chitinous membrane covering the exterior of many shells; -- called also epidermis.
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Periotic (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. �, �, the ear.] (Anat.) Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; as, the periotic capsule. -- n. A periotic bone.
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Peripatecian (?), n. A peripatetic. [Obs.]
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Peripatetic (?), a. [L. peripateticus, Gr. �, fr. � to walk about; � about + � to walk: cf. F. péripatétique.] 1. Walking about; itinerant.
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2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his followers. “The true peripatetic school.” Howell.
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Peripatetic, n. 1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. Tatler.
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2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian.
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Peripatetical (?), a. Peripatetic. [R.] Hales.
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Peripateticism (?), n. [Cf. F. péripatétisme.] The doctrines or philosophical system of the peripatetics. See , n., 2. Lond. Sat. Rev.
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Peripatus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � a walking about.] (Zoöl.) A genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa, Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda.
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Peripetalous (?), a. (Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the petals.
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Peripheral (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting a periphery; peripheric.
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2. (Anat.) External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion of the nervous system.
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{ Peripheric (?), Peripherical (?), } a. [Cf. F. périphérique. See .] See .
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Periphery (?), n.; pl. Peripheries (#). [L. peripheria, Gr. �; � around + ferein to bear, carry: cf. F. périphérie.] 1. The outside or superficial portions of a body; the surface.
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2. (Geom.) The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure.
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Periphrase (?), n. [L. periphrasis, Gr. �, fr. � to think about, to be expressed periphrastically; � + � to speak: cf. F. périphrase. See .] (Rhet.) The use of more words than are necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of speaking; circumlocution. “To describe by enigmatic periphrases.” De Quincey.
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Periphrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Periphrasing.] [Cf. F. périphraser.] To express by periphrase or circumlocution.
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Periphrase, v. i. To use circumlocution.
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Periphrasis (?), n.; pl. Periphrases (#). [L.] See .
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{ Periphrastic (?), Periphrastical (?), } a. [Gr. �: cf. F. périphrastique.] Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory.
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Coloq. Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.
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Periphrastically, adv. With circumlocution.
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Periplast (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. � to mold, form.] (Biol.) Same as . -- Periplastic (#), a. Huxley.
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{ Peripneumonia (?), Peripneumony (?), } n. [L. peripneumonia, Gr. �: cf. F. péripneumonie. See , .] (Med.) Pneumonia. (Obsoles.)
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Peripneumonic (?), a. [L. peripneumonicus, Gr. �: cf. F. péripneumonique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to peripneumonia.
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Periproct (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. � the anus.] (Zoöl.) The region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms.
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Periproctitis (?), n. [NL. See , and .] (Med.) Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum.
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Peripteral (?), a. [Gr., fr. � + � feather, wing, row of columns.] (Arch.) Having columns on all sides; -- said of an edifice. See .
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Periptery (?), n. [Gr. � flying round about.] The region surrounding a moving body, such as the wing of a bird or a gliding aëroplane, within which cyclic or vortical motion of the air occur.
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Peripterous (?), a. 1. (Arch.) Peripteral.
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2. (Zoöl.) Feathered all around.
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Perique (?), n. [Louisiana F.] A kind of tobacco with medium-sized leaf, small stem, tough and gummy fiber, raised in Louisiana, and cured in its own juices, so as to be very dark colored, usually black. It is marketed in tightly wrapped rolls called carottes.
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Perisarc (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. �, �, flesh.] (Zoöl.) The outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids.
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Periscian (?), a. [Gr. �; � around + � shadow: cf. F. périscien.] Having the shadow moving all around.
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{ Periscians (?), Periscii (?), } n. pl. [NL. See .] Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the compass.
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Periscope (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -scope.] A general or comprehensive view. [R.]
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Periscopic (?), a. [Cf. F. périscopique.] Viewing all around, or on all sides.
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Coloq. Periscopic spectacles (Opt.), spectacles having concavo-convex or convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed obliquely.
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Perish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perishing.] [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. périr, p. pr. périssant, L. perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through + ire to go. Cf. , and see .] To be destroyed; to pass away; to become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away.
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I perish with hunger!
Luke xv. 17.
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Grow up and perish, as the summer fly.
Milton.
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The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking.
Locke.
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Perish, v. t. To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon.
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Perishability (?), n. Perishableness.
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Perishable (?), a. [F. périssable.] Liable to perish; subject to decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable goods; our perishable bodies.
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Perishableness, n. The quality or state of being perishable; liability to decay or destruction. Locke.
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Perishably, adv. In a perishable degree or manner.
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Perishment (?), n. [Cf. OF. perissement.] The act of perishing. [R.] Udall.
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Perisoma (?), n.; pl. Perisomata (#). [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as .
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Perisome (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zoöl.) The entire covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or cœlenterate; the integument.
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Perisperm (?), n. [F. périsperme. See , and .] (Bot.) The albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of the embryo sac. -- Perispermic (#), a.
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{ Perispheric (?), Perispherical (?), } a. Exactly spherical; globular.
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Perispomenon (?), n.; pl. Perispomena (#). [NL., from Gr. �, pr. pass. p. of � to draw around, to circumflex; � around + � to draw.] (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on the last syllable. Goodwin.
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Perispore (?), n. (Bot.) The outer covering of a spore.
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Perissad (?), a. [Gr. � odd, from � over.] (Chem.) Odd; not even; -- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with artiad.
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Perisse (?), v. i. To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Perissodactyl (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Perissodactyla.
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Perissodactyla (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. � odd (fr. � over) + � finger.] (Zoöl.) A division of ungulate mammals, including those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros; -- opposed to Artiodactyla.
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Perissological (?), a. [Cf. F. périssologique.] Redundant or excessive in words. [R.]
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Perissology (?), n. [L. perissologia, Gr. �; � odd, superfluous + � discourse.] Superfluity of words. [R.] G. Campbell.
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Peristalsis (?), n. [NL. See .] (Physiol.) Peristaltic contraction or action.
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Peristaltic (?), a. [Gr. � clasping and compressing, fr. � to surround, wrap up; � round + � to place, arrange: cf. F. péristaltique.] (Physiol.) Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing their contents onwards; as, peristaltic movement. -- Peristaltically (#), adv.
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Peristeria (?), n. [NL. See .] (Bot.) A genus of orchidaceous plants. See .
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Peristerion (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � a dovecote, a kind of verbena, fr. � a dove, pigeon; cf. L. peristereon.] (Bot.) The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).
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Peristerite (?), n. [Gr. � a pigeon.] (Min.) A variety of albite, whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck.
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Peristeromorphous (?), a. [Gr. � a pigeon + -morphous.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the pigeons or Columbæ.
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Peristeropodous (?), a. [Gr. � a pigeon + �, �, foot.] (Zoöl.) Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of those gallinaceous birds that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods.
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Peristole (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. péristole. See .] (Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines.
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Peristoma (?), n.; pl. Peristomata (#). [NL.] Same as .
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