Philomath - Phocenin

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Philomath (?), n. [Gr. �; filos loving, a friend + maqh learning, fr. �, �, to learn.] A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield.
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Philomathematic (?), n. A philomath.
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Philomathic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.] 1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.
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2. Having love of learning or letters.
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Philomathy (?), n. [Gr. �, �.] The love of learning or letters.
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Philomel (?), n. Same as , the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.
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Philomela (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr. �, according to the legend, from � Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was changed into a nightingale.] 1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak.
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2. (Zoöl.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.
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Philomene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.]
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Philomot (?), a. [See .] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.
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Philomusical (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby.
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Philopena (?), n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. � a friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.]
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☞ One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.
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{ Philopolemic (?), Philopolemical (?), } a. [Gr. � fond of war, warlike; � loving + � war.] Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]
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Philoprogenitive (?), a. Having the love of offspring; fond of children.
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Philoprogenitiveness, n. [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.
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Philosophaster (?), n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
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Philosophate (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p. p. of philosophari to philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.
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Philosophation (?), n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.
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Philosophe (?), n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.
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Philosopheme (?), n. [Gr. �, from � to love knowledge.] A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.]
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This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme. Coleridge.
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Philosopher (?), n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. �; � loving + � wise. Cf. .] 1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.
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Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.
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2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.
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3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Coloq. Philosopher's stone , an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.
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{ Philosophic (?), Philosophical (?), } a. [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- Philosophically, adv.
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Philosophism (fĭlŏs�fĭz'm), n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle.
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Philosophist (fĭlŏs�fĭst), n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in philosophy.
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{ Philosophistic (?), Philosophistical (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]
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philosophize (fĭlŏs�fīz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (fĭlŏs�fīzd); p. pr. & vb. n. hilosophizing (fĭlŏs�fīzĭng).] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.
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Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.
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Philosophizer (fĭlŏs�fīzẽr), n. One who philosophizes.
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Philosophy (fĭlŏs�f�), n.; pl. Philosophies (fĭlŏs�fĭz). [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. filosofia. See .] 1. Literally, the love of, inducing the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws.
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☞ When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics.
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☞ “Philosophy has been defined: -- the science of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science of the absolute; -- the science of the absolute indifference of the ideal and real.” Sir W. Hamilton.
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2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.
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[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. Chaucer.
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We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school. Locke.
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3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy.
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Then had he spent all his philosophy. Chaucer.
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4. Reasoning; argumentation.
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Of good and evil much they argued then, . . .
Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy. Milton.
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5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.
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6. A treatise on philosophy.
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Coloq. Philosophy of the Academy , that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Coloq. Philosophy of the Garden , that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Coloq. Philosophy of the Lyceum , that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Coloq. Philosophy of the Porch , that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.
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Philostorgy (?), n. [Gr. �; � loving + � affection.] Natural affection, as of parents for their children. [R.]
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{ Philotechnic (?), Philotechnical (?), } a. [Philo- + Gr. � an art: cf. F. philotechnique.] Fond of the arts. [R.]
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Philter (?), n. [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr. �, fr. � to love, � dear, loving.] A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.
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Philter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Philtering.] 1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter a draught.
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2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.
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Phimosis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � a muzzling, fr. � muzzle.] (Med.) A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn back so as to uncover the glans penis.
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Phitoness (?), n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]
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Phiz (?), n.; pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.
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Phlebitis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. �, �, a vein + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a vein.
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Phlebogram (?), n. [Gr. �, � + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse.
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{ Phlebolite (?), Phlebolith (?), } n. [Gr. �, �, a vein + -lite, -lith.] (Med.) A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.
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Phlebology (?), n. [Gr. �, �, a vein + -logy.] A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.
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Phlebotomist (?), n. [Cf. F. phlébotomiste.] (Med.) One who practiced phlebotomy.
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Phlebotomize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phlebotomizing (?).] [Cf. F. phlébotomiser.] To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.
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Phlebotomy (?), n. [L. phlebotomia, Gr. �; �, �, a vein + � to cut: cf. F. phlébotomie. Cf. .] (Med.) The act or practice of opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; venesection; bloodletting.
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Phlegethon (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. �, prop. p. pr. of � to blaze.] (Class Myth.) One of the principal rivers of Hades, in the channel of which fire flowed instead of water.

Fierce Phlegethon,
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage. Milton.
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Phlegm (?), n. [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. � a flame, inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in the body, fr. � to burn. Cf. , , , , a., and .] 1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See . Arbuthnot.
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2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.
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3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor. Crabb.
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4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness.
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They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. Pope.
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Phlegmagogue (?), n. [Gr. � carrying of phlegm; � phlegm + � to lead.] (Old Med.) A medicine supposed to expel phlegm.
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Phlegmasia (?), n. [NL., from Gr. �. See .] (Med.) An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs.
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Coloq. Phlegmasia dolens (dōlĕnz) [NL.], milk leg.
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Phlegmatic (?), a. [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. �: cf. F. phlegmatique.] 1. Watery. [Obs.] “Aqueous and phlegmatic.” Sir I. Newton.
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2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic constitution. Harvey.
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3. Generating or causing phlegm. “Cold and phlegmatic habitations.” Sir T. Browne.
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4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison.
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Coloq. Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under .
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Phlegmatical (?), a. Phlegmatic. Ash.
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Phlegmatically, adv. In a phlegmatic manner.
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Phlegmaticly (?), a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.]
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Phlegmon (?), n. [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr. �, fr. � to burn: cf. F. phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.
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Phlegmonous (?), a. [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.
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Phleme (?), n. (Surg. & Far.) See .
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Phleum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � a kind of marsh plant.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense), which is highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray.
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Phloëm (?), n. [Gr. � bark.] (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; -- distinguished from xylem.
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Phlogistian (?), n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston.
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Phlogistic (?), a. 1. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.
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2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.
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Phlogistical (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic.
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Phlogisticate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; -- usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly phlogisticated substances.
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Phlogistication (?), n. (Old Chem.) The act or process of combining with phlogiston.
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Phlogiston (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � burnt, set on fire, fr. � to set on fire, to burn, fr. �, �, a flame, blaze. See .] (Old Chem.) The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element.
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☞ This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be.
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Phlogogenous (?), a. [Gr. �, � fire + -genous.] (Med.) Causing inflammation.
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Phlogopite (?), n. [Gr. � firelike.] (Min.) A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze-red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See .
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Phlogosis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � burning heat.] (Med.) Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation.
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Phlogotic (?), n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.
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Phloramine (?), n. [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.) A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.
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Phloretic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.
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Phloretin (?), n. [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.
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Phlorizin (?), n. [Gr. �, �, bark + � root.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.]
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Phloroglucin (?), n. [Phloretin + Gr. � sweet.] (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]
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Phlorol (?), n. [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.
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Phlorone (?), n. [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone.
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Phlox (?), n. [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. � flame, fr. � to burn.] (Bot.) A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers.
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Coloq. Phlox worm (Zoöl.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. -- Coloq. Phlox subulata , the moss pink. See under .
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Phlyctenular (?), a. [Gr. � a blister or pustule.] (Med.) Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia.
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Phoca (?), n. [L., a seal, fr. Gr. �.] (Zoöl.) A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See .
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Phocacean (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Phoca; a seal.
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Phocal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to seals.
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Phocenic (?), a. [Gr. � a porpoise.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; -- said of an acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.
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Phocenin (?), n. [Cf. F. phocénine.] (Chem.) See .
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