Pluralization - Pneumonitis

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Pluralization (?), n. The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer.
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Pluralize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluralizing (?).] 1. To make plural by using the plural termination; to attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form.
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2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.]
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Pluralize, v. i. 1. To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a noun pluralizes. Earle.
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2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.]
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Pluralizer (?), n. (Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.]
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Plurally, adv. In a plural manner or sense.
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Pluri- (?). [See .] A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more, many; as pluriliteral.
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Pluries (?), n. [So called from L. pluries many times, often, which occurs in the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued in the third place, after two former writs have been disregarded. Mozley & W.
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Plurifarious (?), a. [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris, many. Cf. .] Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious.
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Plurifoliolate (?), a. [Pluri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having several or many leaflets.
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Pluriliteral (?), a. [Pluri- + literal.] Consisting of more letters than three. -- n. A pluriliteral word.
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Plurilocular (?), a. [Pluri- + locular.] Having several cells or loculi; specifically (Bot.), having several divisions containing seeds; as, the lemon and the orange are plurilocular fruits.
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Coloq. Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.), many-celled sporangia, each cell containing a single spore, as in many algæ.
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Pluriparous (?), a. [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.] Producing several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal.
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Pluripartite (?), a. [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.) Deeply divided into several portions.
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Pluripresence (?), n. [Pluri- + presence.] Presence in more places than one. [R.] Johnson.
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Plurisy (?), n. [L. plus, pluris, more.] Superabundance; excess; plethora. [Obs.] Shak.
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Plus (?), a. [L., more; akin to Gr. �, �, and E. full. See , a., and cf. , .]
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1. (Math.) More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from negative; -- opposed to minus.
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2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual.
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Success goes invariably with a certain plus or positive power. Emerson.
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Coloq. Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive quantity.
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Plush (?), n. [F. pluche, peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus hair. See hair, and cf. .] A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper.
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Plushy (?), a. Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley.
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Plutarchy (?), n. [Gr. � wealth + -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of wealth. [R.]
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Pluteal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus.
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Pluteus (?), n.; pl. L. Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses (#). [L., a shed.] (Zoöl.) The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods.
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Pluto (?), [Also spelled rop. .]n. [L., fr. Gr. �.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the Lower World.
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2. The ninth planet of the Solar System, the smallest (5700 km radius) and most distant from the sun. The suggestion has been made that it more closely resembles a large close comet than a planet. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.248, larger than that of any other planet; it varies from 4.44 to 7.37 billion km distance from the sun.
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Pluto is an oddball among its eight sister planets. It's the smallest in both size and mass, and has the most elliptical orbit. It moves in a plane tilted markedly away from the other planets' orbits. Moreover, Pluto is the only planet made almost entirely of ice. Ron Cohen (Science News, Feb. 27, 1999, p. 139)

Coloq. Pluto monkey (Zoöl.), a long-tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus pluto), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less grizzled; the frontal band is white.
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Plutocracy (?), n. [Gr. �; � wealth + � to be strong, to rule, fr.� strength: cf. F. plutocratie.] A form of government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men.
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Plutocrat (?), n. One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one of the plutocracy.
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Plutocratic (?), a. Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic ideas. Bagehot.
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Plutology (?), n. [Gr. � wealth + -logy.] The science which treats of wealth.
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Plutonian (?), a. [L. Plutonius, Gr. �: cf. F. plutonien.] Plutonic. Poe.
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Plutonian (?), n. (Geol.) A Plutonist.
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Plutonic (?), a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See .] 1. Of or pertaining to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the interior of the earth; subterranean.
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2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists; igneous; as, the Plutonic theory.
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Coloq. Plutonic action (Geol.), the influence of volcanic heat and other subterranean forces under pressure. -- Coloq. Plutonic rocks (Geol.), granite, porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated from a melted state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. Intrusive rocks, under . -- Coloq. Plutonic theory . (Geol.) See .
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Plutonism (?), n. [Cf. F. plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in geology, that the successive rocks of the earths crust were formed by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory.
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Plutonist (?), n. [Cf. F. plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See .
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Plutus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. �.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without discrimination of merit.
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Pluvial, a. [L. pluvialis, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See .] 1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.]
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2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain.
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Pluvial, n. [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F. pluvial.] A priest's cope.
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Pluviameter (?), n. See .
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Pluviametrical (?), a. See .
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Pluvian (?), n. (Zoöl.) The crocodile bird.
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Pluviograph (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -graph.] A self-registering rain gauge.
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Pluviography (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -graphy.] The branch of meteorology treating of the automatic registration of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.; also, the graphic presentation of precipitation data.
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Pluviometer (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F. pluviomètre.] An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a given time; a rain gauge.
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Pluviometrical (?), a. [Cf. F. pluviométrique.] Of or pertaining to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer.
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Pluviometry (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -metry.] That branch of meteorology that treats of the measurement of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc.
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Pluvioscope (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -scope.] A rain gauge.
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Pluviôse (?), n. [F. See .] The fifth month of the French republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended February 18. See .
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Pluvious (?), a. [L. pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvieux. See , a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T. Browne.
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Ply (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plying (?).] [OE. plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr. �, G. flechten. Cf. , , , , , , , , , .] 1. To bend. [Obs.]
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As men may warm wax with handes plie. Chaucer.
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2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one with questions, with solicitations, or with drink.
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And plies him with redoubled strokes Dryden.
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He plies the duke at morning and at night. Shak.
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3. To employ diligently; to use steadily.
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Go ply thy needle; meddle not. Shak.
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4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at.
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Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. Waller.
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Ply, v. i. 1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.]
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It would rather burst atwo than plye. Chaucer.
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The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. L'Estrange.
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2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer plies between certain ports.
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Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard and daily). Milton.
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He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. Addison.
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The heavy hammers and mallets plied. Longfellow.
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3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat.
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Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See , v.] 1. A fold; a plait; a turn or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot.
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2. Bent; turn; direction; bias.
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The late learners can not so well take the ply. Bacon.
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Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not understand the secret plies of his character. W. Irving.
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The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the last. Macaulay.
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☞ Ply is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet.
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Plyer (?), n. One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl. A kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross. (b) pl. See .
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Plyght (?), v. & n. See . [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Plymouth Brethren (?). The members of a religious sect which first appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called Brethren, Christian Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a division of the Brethren.
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Pneometer (?), n. [Gr. � to breathe + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.
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Pneumatic (?), n. A vehicle, as a bicycle, the wheels of which are fitted with pneumatic tires. [archaic]
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{ Pneumatic (?), Pneumatical (?), } a. [L. pneumaticus, Gr. �, fr. �, �, wind, air, � to blow, breathe; cf. OHG. fnehan: cf. F. pneumatique. Cf. .] 1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or solid.
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The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit of the body. Bacon.
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2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties; pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. “Pneumatical discoveries.” Stewart.
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3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic instrument; a pneumatic engine.
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4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as, pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones.
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5. Adapted for containing compressed air; inflated with air; as, a pneumatic cushion; a pneumatic tire, a tire formed of an annular tube of flexible fabric, as India rubber, suitable for being inflated with air.
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Coloq. Pneumatic action , or Coloq. Pneumatic lever (Mus.), a contrivance for overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. -- Coloq. Pneumatic dispatch , a system of tubes, leading to various points, through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and pressure of air. -- Coloq. Pneumatic elevator , a hoisting machine worked by compressed air. -- Coloq. Pneumatic pile , a tubular pile or cylinder of large diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure. -- Coloq. Pneumatic pump , an air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Coloq. Pneumatic railway . See Atmospheric railway, under . -- Coloq. Pneumatic syringe , a stout tube closed at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances. -- Coloq. Pneumatic trough , a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for collecting gases in chemical operations. -- Coloq. Pneumatic tube . See Pneumatic dispatch, above.
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Pneumaticity (?), n. (Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of the bones of birds.
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Pneumatics (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatique.]
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1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure, elasticity, etc. See .
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2. (Philos. & Theol.) The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and men.
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Pocket (?), n. Any hollow place suggestive of a pocket in form or use; specif.: (a) A bin for strong coal, grain, etc. (b) A socket for receiving the foot of a post, stake, etc. (c) A bright on a lee shore.
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Pneumato- (nūmȧt�- or n�măt�-). A combining form from Gr. pney^ma, pneymatos, wind, air, breath, respiration; as, pneumatograph, pneumatology.
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Pneumatocele (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. � a tumor; cf. F. pneumatocèle.] (Med.) A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia of the lungs.
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Pneumatocyst (?), n. [Pneumato- + cyst.] (Zoöl.) A cyst or sac of a siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia.
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Pneumatogarm (?), n. [Pneumato- + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing of the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.
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Pneumatograph (?), n. [Pneumato- + -graph.] (Physiol.) An instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall during respiration; -- also called stethograph.
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Pneumatological (?), a. [Cf. F. pneumatologique.] Of or pertaining to pneumatology.
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Pneumatologist (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in pneumatology.
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Pneumatology (?), n. [Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.] 1. The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See , 1.
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2. (Philos. & Theol.) The science of spiritual being or phenomena of any description.
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Pneumatometer (?), n. [Pneumato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in respiration.
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Pneumatometry (?), n. See .
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Pneumatophore (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. ferein to bear.] (Zoöl.) One of the Pneumonophora.
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Pneumatothorax (?), n. [Pneumato- + thorax.] (Med.) See .
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Pneumo- (?). A combining form from Gr. �, �, a lung; as, pneumogastric, pneumology.
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Pneumococcus (?), n. [See , and .] (Biol.) A form of micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease.
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Pneumogastric (?), a. [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the lungs and the stomach. -- n. The pneumogastric nerve.
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Coloq. Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body.
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Pneumograph (?), n. Same as .
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Pneumography (?), n. [Pneumo- + -graphy.] A description of the lungs. Dunglison.
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Pneumology (?), n. [Pneumo- + -logy.] (Anat.) The science which treats of the lungs.
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Pneumometer (?), n. [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer.
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Pneumometry (?), n. Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for air. Dunglison.
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Pneumonia (n�mōnĭȧ), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pneymonia, fr. pneymwn, pl. pneymones the lungs, also, pleymwn, which is perh. the original form. Cf. , .] (Med.) Inflammation of the lungs.
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☞ Coloq. Catarrhal pneumonia , or Coloq. Broncho-pneumonia , is inflammation of the lung tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time. -- Coloq. Croupous pneumonia , or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under . -- Coloq. Fibroid pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course, producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs.
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Pneumonic (?), a. [Gr. �: cf. F. pneumonique.] (a) Of or pertaining to the lungs; pulmonic. (b) Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as, pneumonic symptoms.
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Pneumonic, n. (Med.) A medicine for affections of the lungs.
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Pneumonitic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis.
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Pneumonitis (?), n. [NL. See , and .] (Med.) Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia.
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