Raw - React

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Raw (r�), a. [Compar. Rawer (r�ẽr); superl. Rawest.] [AS. hreáw; akin to D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. rō, Icel. hrār, Dan. raa, Sw. rå, L. crudus, Gr. kreas flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. √18. Cf. , .] 1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat.
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2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw recruit.
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Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude. De Quincey.
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3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] Bacon. (b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton. (c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and strained; as, raw tallow. (e) Not tanned; as, raw hides. (f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.
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4. Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a) Bald. [Obs.] “With skull all raw.” Spenser (b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore. (c) Sore, as if by being galled.
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And all his sinews waxen weak and raw
Through long imprisonment. Spenser.
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5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; bleak; as, a raw wind. “A raw and gusty day.” Shak.
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Coloq. Raw material , material that has not been subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. -- Coloq. Raw pig , cast iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.
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Raw, n. A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the raw.
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Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw. De Quincey.
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Rawbone (r�bōn), a. Rawboned. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Rawboned (-bōnd), a. Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak.
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Rawhead (r�hĕd), n. A specter mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and bloodybones.
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Rawhide (r�hīd), n. A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.
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Rawish, a. Somewhat raw. [R.] Marston.
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Rawly, adv. 1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.
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2. Without proper preparation or provision. Shak.
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Rawness, n. The quality or state of being raw.
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Ray (rā), v. t. [An aphetic form of array; cf. .] 1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
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2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] “The filth that did it ray.” Spenser.
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Ray, n. Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.]
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And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. Spenser.
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Ray, n. [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. .] 1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.
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2. (Bot.) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See .
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3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.
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4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See Illust. under .
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5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.
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All eyes direct their rays
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze. Pope.
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6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See .
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Coloq. Bundle of rays . (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. -- Coloq. Extraordinary ray (Opt.), that one of two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. -- Coloq. Ordinary ray (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. -- Coloq. Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. -- Coloq. Ray flower , or Coloq. Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. -- Coloq. Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. -- Coloq. Röntgen ray (rẽntgĕn rā) (Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical discharge; now more commonly called X-ray. It is composed of electromagnetic radiation of wavelength shorter than that of ultraviolet light, and is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, sciagraphs, X-ray photographs, radiograms, or X-rays. So called from the discoverer, W. C. Röntgen. -- Coloq. X ray , the Röntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.
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Ray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rayed (rād); p. pr. & vb. n. Raying.] [Cf. OF. raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See , n., and cf. .] 1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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2. [From , n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thomson.
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Ray, v. i. To shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.
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Ray, n. [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. .] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See .
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Coloq. Bishop ray , a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon nàrinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. -- Coloq. Butterfly ray , a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. -- Coloq. Devil ray . See . -- Coloq. Eagle ray , any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ. The common European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. -- Coloq. Electric ray , or Coloq. Cramp ray , a torpedo. -- Coloq. Starry ray , a common European skate (Raia radiata). -- Coloq. Sting ray , any one of numerous species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.
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Rayah (rāyȧ or räyȧ), n. [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture, guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax. [Turkey.]
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Ray grass (rā grȧs). [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.) A perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye grass, and red darnel. See , and .
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Coloq. Italian ray grass or Coloq. Italian rye grass . See , and .
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Rayless (rālĕs), a. Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.
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Rayon (rāŏn), n. [F.] Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Rayon (rāŏn), n. 1. A synthetic fiber, made of thin filaments of regenerated cellulose, extruded from a solution of . Called also viscose fiber and viscose rayon fiber.
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2. a textile fabric made from rayon{1}.
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Rayonnant (rāŏnnănt), a. [F.] (Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun when it shines out.
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Raze (rāz), n. [See .] A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root. [Obs.]
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Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed (rāzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] [F. raser. See , v. t.] [Written also rase.] 1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.
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Razing the characters of your renown. Shak.
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2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to demolish.
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The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. Dryden.
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Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; ruin. See .
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Razed (rāzd), a. Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] “Two Provincial roses on my razed shoes.” Shak.
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Razee (rȧzē), n. [F. vaisseau rasé, fr. raser to raze, to cut down ships. See , v. t., , v. t.] (Naut.) An armed ship having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate. Totten.
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Razee, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed (rȧzēd); p. pr. & vb. n. Razeeing.] To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or class, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article.
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Razor (rāzẽr), n. [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir, LL. rasorium. See , v. t., , v. t.] 1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head; also called a straight razor. “Take thee a barber's razor.” Ezek. v. 1.
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2. a device used for shaving, having a replaceable blade with a very sharp edge; also called safety razor. Also a similar device, made of plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls -- called a disposable razor.
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3. (Zoöl.) A tusk of a wild boar.
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Coloq. Razor fish . (Zoöl.) (a) A small Mediterranean fish (Coryphæna novacula), prized for the table. (b) The razor shell. -- Coloq. Razor grass (Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. -- Coloq. Razor grinder (Zoöl.), the European goat-sucker. -- Coloq. Razor shell (Zoöl.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially Solen ensis (or Ensatella ensis), and Solen Americana, which have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also razor clam, razor fish, knife handle. -- Coloq. Razor stone . Same as . -- Coloq. Razor strap , or Coloq. razor strop , a strap or strop used in sharpening razors.
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Razorable (rāzẽrȧb'l), a. Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] Shak.
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Razorback (rāzẽrbăk), n. (Zoöl.) The rorqual.
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Razor-backed (-băkt), a. (Zoöl.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.
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Razorbill (-bĭl), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of auk (Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See , and Illust. in Appendix. (b) See , 3.
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razor-edged a. having an edge as sharp as that of a razor; very sharp.
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razor-thin a. as thin as a razor blade; very thin.
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Razure (rāzh�r; 135), n. [See .] 1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See .
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2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.
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Razzia (räz�ä), n. [F., fr. Ar. ghāzīa (pron. razia in Algeria).] A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a raid.
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Re- (rē-). [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-, ré-.] A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate; reassure. Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.
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Re (rā). [It.] (Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second tone of any diatonic scale.
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Reabsorb (rēăbsôrb), v. t. To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids.
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Reabsorption (rēăbsôrpshŭn), n. The act or process of reabsorbing.
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Reaccess (rēăksĕs or r�ăksĕs), n. A second access or approach; a return. Hakewill.
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Reaccuse (rēăkkūz), v. t. To accuse again. Cheyne.
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Reach (rēch), v. i. To retch. Cheyne.
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Reach, n. An effort to vomit. [R.]
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Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (rēcht) (Raught, the old preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS. rǣcan, rǣcean, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. rīce powerful, rich, E. rich. √115.] 1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the like.
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Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,
Unto her heeles down they raughten. Rom. of R.
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Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side. John xx. 27.
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Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far
Their pampered boughs. Milton.
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2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach one a book.
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He reached me a full cup. 2 Esd. xiv. 39.
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3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; to extend some part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a spear.
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O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,
Than I may reach the beast. Dryden.
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4. To strike, hit, or touch with a missile; as, to reach an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell.
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5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
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If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let them examine. Locke.
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6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent; as, his land reaches the river.
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Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
That reaches blame. Milton.
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7. To arrive at; to come to; to get as far as.
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Before this letter reaches your hands. Pope.
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8. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be advanced to.
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The best account of the appearances of nature which human penetration can reach, comes short of its reality. Cheyne.
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9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.]
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Do what, sir? I reach you not. Beau. & Fl.
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10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South.
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Reach, v. i. 1. To stretch out the hand.
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Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste! Milton.
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2. To strain after something; to make efforts.
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Reaching above our nature does no good. Dryden.
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3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something.
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And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached to heaven. Gen. xxviii. 12.
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The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone. Boyle.
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4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to another, or with the wind nearly abeam.
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Coloq. To reach after or Coloq. To reach for or Coloq. To reach at , to make efforts to attain to or obtain.
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He would be in the posture of the mind reaching after a positive idea of infinity. Locke.
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Reach, n. 1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as, the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon shot.
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2. The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.
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Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters which they least intended. Hayward.
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Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. Pope.
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3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope.
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And on the left hand, hell,
With long reach, interposed. Milton.
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I am to pray you not to strain my speech
To grosser issues, nor to larger reach
Than to suspicion. Shak.
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4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land. “The river's wooded reach.” Tennyson.
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The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches. Holland.
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5. An artifice to obtain an advantage.
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The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own underhand to cross the design. Bacon.
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6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward bolster of a wagon.
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Reachable (-ȧb'l), a. Being within reach.
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Reacher (-ẽr), n. 1. One who reaches.
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2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] Fuller.
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Reachless, a. Being beyond reach; lofty.
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Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight. Bp. Hall.
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React (rēăkt), v. t. To act or perform a second time; to do over again; to reenact; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.
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React (r�ăkt), v. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.
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