Reefer - Referment

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Reef-band (rēfbănd), n. (Naut.) A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are made. Totten.
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Reefer (-?r), n. 1. (Naut.) One who reefs; -- a name often given to midshipmen. Marryat.
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2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth.
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Reefing, n. (Naut.) The process of taking in a reef.
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Coloq. Reefing bowsprit , a bowsprit so rigged that it can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in cutters.
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Reefy (-?), a. Full of reefs or rocks.
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Reek (rēk), n. A rick. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
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Reek, n. [AS. rēc; akin to OFries. rēk, LG. & D. rook, G. rauch, OHG. rouh, Dan. rög, Sw. rök, Icel. reykr, and to AS. reócan to reek, smoke, Icel. rjūka, G. riechen to smell.] Vapor; steam; smoke; fume.
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As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln. Shak.
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Reek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reeked (rēkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeking.] [As. rēcan. See vapor.] To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale.
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Few chimneys reeking you shall espy. Spenser.
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I found me laid
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun
Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed. Milton.
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The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco. Macaulay.
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Reeky (-?), a. [From 2d ; cf. .] 1. Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul. Shak.
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2. Emitting reek. “Reeky fen.” Sir W. Scott.
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Reel (rēl), n. [Gael. righil.] A lively dance of the Highlanders of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called Scotch reel.
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Coloq. Virginia reel , the common name throughout the United States for the old English “country dance,” or contradance (contredanse). Bartlett.
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Reel (rēl), n. [AS. hreól: cf. Icel. hræll a weaver's reed or sley.] 1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an angler's reel; a garden reel.
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2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches. McElrath.
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3. (Agric.) A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the knives.
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Coloq. Reel oven , a baker's oven in which bread pans hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a horizontal axis. Knight.
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Reel (rēl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reeled (r?ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeling. ] 1. To roll. [Obs.]
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And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel. Spenser.
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2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.
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Reel (rēl), v. i. [Cf. Sw. ragla. See .] 1. To incline, in walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.
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They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man. Ps. cvii. 27.
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He, with heavy fumes oppressed,
Reeled from the palace, and retired to rest. Pope.
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The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves. Macaulay.
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2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.
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In these lengthened vigils his brain often reeled. Hawthorne.
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Reel (rēl), n. The act or motion of reeling or staggering; as, a drunken reel. Shak.
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Reëlect (r??l?kt), v. t. To elect again; as, to reëlect the former governor.
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Reëlection (-l?ksh?n), n. Election a second time, or anew; as, the reëlection of a former chief.
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Reeler (r?l?r), n. 1. One who reels.
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2. (Zoöl.) The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]
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Reëligible (rēĕlĭjĭb'l), a. Eligible again; capable of reëlection; as, reëligible to the same office. -- Reëligibility (rēĕlĭjĭbĭlĭt�), n.
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Reem (r?m), n. [Heb.] (Zoöl.) The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, probably the Urus.
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☞ In King James's Version it is called unicorn; in the Revised Version,wild ox. Job xxxix. 9.
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Reem, v. t. [Cf. to make a hole in.] (Naut.) To open (the seams of a vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.
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Coloq. Reeming iron (Naut.), an iron chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking ships.
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Reëmbark (r??mb?rk), v. t. & i. To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark again.
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Reëmbarkation (r??mb?rk?sh?n), n. A putting, or going, on board a vessel again.
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Reëmbody (r??mb?d?), v. t. To embody again.
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Reëmbrace (-br?s), v. i. To embrace again.
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Reëmerge (r??m?rj), v. i. To emerge again.
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Reëmergence (-m?rjens), n. Act of reëmerging.
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Reënact (r??n?kt), v. t. To enact again.
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Reënaction (-?ksh?n), n. The act of reënacting; the state of being reënacted.
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Reënactment (-?ktment), n. The enacting or passing of a law a second time; the renewal of a law.
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Reëncourage (-k?r?j;), v. t. To encourage again.
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Reëndow (-dou), v. t. To endow again.
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Reënforce (-f?rs), v. t. [Pref. re- + enforce: cf. F. renforcer.] 1. To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support; as, to reënforce an argument; to reënforce a garment; especially, to strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet. [Written also reinforce.]
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2. (Psychology) To increase the likelihood that (a specific behavior) will be repeated by giving a reward or punishment to a person or animal; as, to reenforce the students' willingness to study by giving awards for good grades.
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Reënforce, n. [See , v., and cf. , .] Something which reënforces or strengthens. Specifically: (a) That part of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See Illust. of . (b) An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc. [Written also reinforce.]
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Reënforced concrete. Concrete having within its mass a system of iron or steel supports, such as bars, rods, or a heavy mesh, to provide increased tensile strength and shear resistance. Same as .
Syn. -- reinforced concrete. [Webster Suppl. +PJC]

Reënforcement (r??nf?rsment), n. 1. The act of reënforcing, or the state of being reënforced.
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2. That which reënforces; additional force; especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.
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3. (Psychology) A reward or punishment which is given to a person or animal in order to increase the likelihood that a specific behavior will be repeated.
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Reëngage (-g?j), v. t. & i. To engage a second time or again.
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Reëngagement (-ment), n. A renewed or repeated engagement.
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Reëngrave (-gr?v), v. t. To engrave anew.
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Reënjoy (-joi), v. i. To enjoy anew. Pope.
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Reënjoyment (-ment), n. Renewed enjoyment.
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Reënkindle (-k?nd'l), v. t. To enkindle again.
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Reënlist (-l?st), v. t. & i. To enlist again.
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Reënlistment (-ment), n. A renewed enlistment.
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Reënslave (-sl?v), v. t. To enslave again.
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Reënter (r??nt?r), v. t. 1. To enter again.
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2. (Engraving) To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.
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Reënter, v. i. To enter anew or again.
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Coloq. Reëntering angle , an angle of a polygon pointing inward, as a, in the cut. -- Coloq. Reëntering polygon , a polygon having one or more reëntering angles.
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Reëntering, n. (Calico Printing.) The process of applying additional colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly colored.
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Reënthrone (-thr?n), v. t. To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.
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Reënthronement (-ment), n. A second enthroning.
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Reëntrance (r??ntrans), n. The act entereing again; re�ntry. Hooker.
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Reëntrant (-trant), a. Reëntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a re�ntrant angle.
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Reëntry (-tr?), n. 1. A second or new entry; as, a reëntry into public life.
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2. (Law) A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the lease. Burrill.
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Coloq. Card of reëtry , (Whist), a card that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced period of the hand.
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Reërect (r??r?kt), v. t. To erect again.
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Reermouse (r?rmous), n. (Zoöl.) See .
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Reëstablish (r??st?bl?sh), v. t. To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to restore; as, to reëstablish a covenant; to reëstablish health.
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Reëstablisher (-?r), n. One who establishes again.
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Reëstablishment (-mnt), n. The act reëstablishing; the state of being reëstablished. Addison.
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Reëstate (-t?t), v. t. To reëstablish. [Obs.] Walis.
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Reeve (r?v), n. (Zoöl.) The female of the ruff.
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Reeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rove (r?v); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeving.] [Cf. D. reven. See , n. & v. t.] (Naut.) To pass, as the end of a pope, through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the like.
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Reeve, n. [OE. reve, AS. gerēfa. Cf. .] an officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, shirereeve, now written sheriff; portreeve, etc. Chaucer. Piers Plowman.
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Reëxaminable (r??gz?m?n?b'l), a. Admitting of being reëxamined or reconsidered. Story.
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Reëxamination (-?n?sh?n), n. A repeated examination. See under .
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Reëxamine (--?n), v. t. To examine anew. Hooker.
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Reëxchange (r??ksch?nj), v. t. To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous exchange).
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Reëxchange n. 1. A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.
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2. (Com.) The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up. Bouvier.
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The rate of reëxchange is regulated with respect to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was drawn. Reëxchange can not be cumulated. Walsh.
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Reëxhibit (r??gz?b?t or -?ksh?b?t), v. t. To exhibit again.
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Reëxpel (r??ksp?l), v. t. To expel again.
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Reëxperience (-p?r?-ens), n. A renewed or repeated experience.
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Reëxport (-p?rt), v. t. To export again, as what has been imported.
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Reëxport (r??ksp?rt), n. Any commodity reëxported; -- chiefly in the plural.
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Reëxportation (-p?rt?sh?n), n. The act of reëxporting, or of exporting an import. A. Smith.
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Reëxpulsion (r??ksp?lsh?n), n. Renewed or repeated expulsion. Fuller.
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Reezed (rēzd), a. Grown rank; rancid; rusty. [Obs.] “Reezed bacon.” Marston.
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Refaction (r?f?ksh?n), n. [See .] Recompense; atonement; retribution. [Obs.] Howell.
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Refait (?), n. [F.] (Card Playing) A drawn game; specif. (Trente et quarante), A state of the game in which the aggregate pip value of cards dealt to red equals that of those dealt to black. All bets are then off; unless the value is 31, in which case the banker wins half the stakes.
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Refar (r?f?r), v. t. [Cf. F. refaire to do over again.] To go over again; to repeat. [Obs.]
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To him therefore this wonder done refar. Fairfax.
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Refashion (r?f?sh?n), v. t. To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second time. MacKnight.
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Refashionment (-ment), n. The act of refashioning, or the state of being refashioned. [R.] Leigh Hunt.
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Refasten (r?f?s'n), v. t. To fasten again.
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Refect (r?f?kt), v. t. [L. refectus, p. p. of reficere; pref. re- re- + facere to make.] To restore after hunger or fatigue; to refresh. [Archaic] Sir T. Browne.
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Refection (r?f?ksh?n), n. [L. refectio: cf. F. réfection. See , .] Refreshment after hunger or fatigue; a repast; a lunch.
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[His] feeble spirit inly felt refection. Spenser.
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Those Attic nights, and those refections of the gods. Curran.
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Refective (r?f?kt?v), a. Refreshing; restoring.
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Refective, n. That which refreshes.
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Refectory (-�r�), n.; pl.; Refectories (-r�z). [ . refectorium: cf. F. réfectoire. See .] A room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or convents.
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☞ Sometimes pronounced rĕfĕkt�r�, especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.
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Refel (r?f?l), v. t. [L. refellere; pref. re- re- + fallere to deceive.] To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a sophister. [Obs.]
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How he refelled me, and how I replied. Shak.
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Refer (r�fẽr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Referred (r�fẽrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Referring.] [F. référer, L. referre; pref. re- re- + ferre to bear. See to carry.] 1. To carry or send back. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a question of law to a superior tribunal.
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3. To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
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Coloq. To refer one's self , to have recourse; to betake one's self; to make application; to appeal. [Obs.]
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I'll refer me to all things sense. Shak.
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Refer, v. i. 1. To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary.
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In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of trust. Bacon.
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2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure refers to a footnote.
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Of those places that refer to the shutting and opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job. Bp. Burnet.
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3. To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher referred to the late election.
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4. To direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story.
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Syn. -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal. , , . We refer to a thing by specifically and distinctly introducing it into our discourse. We allude to it by introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something collaterally allied to it. We advert to it by turning off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus, Macaulay refers to the early condition of England at the opening of his history; he alludes to these statements from time to time; and adverts, in the progress of his work, to various circumstances of peculiar interest, on which for a time he dwells. “But to do good is . . . that that Solomon chiefly refers to in the text.” Sharp. “This, I doubt not, was that artificial structure here alluded to.” T. Burnet.
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Now to the universal whole advert:
The earth regard as of that whole a part. Blackmore.
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Referable (r?f?r?b'l), a. Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written also referrible.]
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It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions which obtain between bodies are referable to one general cause. W. Nicholson.
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Referee (-�), n. One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
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Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See .
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Reference (r?f?r-ens), n. [See .] 1. The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
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2. That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
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3. Relation; regard; respect.
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Something that hath a reference to my state. Shak.
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4. One who, or that which, is referred to. Specifically; (a) One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another. (b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
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5. (Law) (a) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision. (b) (Equity) The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.
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6. Appeal. [R.] “Make your full reference.” Shak.
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Coloq. Reference Bible , a Bible in which brief explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in the margin of the text.
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Referendary (r?f?r?nd?r?), n. [LL. referendarius, fr. L. referendus to be referred, gerundive of referre: cf. F. référendaire. See .] 1. One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. [Obs.] Bacon.
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2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. “Referendaries, or masters of request.” Harmar.
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3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.
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Referendum (r?f?r?nd?m), n.; pl. -da (#) [Gerundive fr. L. referre. See .] 1. A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his government concerning a particular matter or point.
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2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed upon by a legislature.
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3. The principle or practice of referring measures passed upon by the legislative body to the body of voters, or electorate, for approval or rejection, as in the Swiss cantons (except Freiburg) and in various local governments in the United States, and also in the local option laws, etc.; also, the right to so approve or reject laws, or the vote by which this is done. Referendum is distinguished from the mandate, or instruction of representatives by the people, from direct government by the people, in which they initiate and make the laws by direct action without representation, and from a plebiscite, or popular vote taken on any measure proposed by a person or body having the initiative but not constituting a representative or constituent body.
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Referential (-shal), a. Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself; as, notes for referential use. -- Referentially, adv.
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Referment (r?f?rment), n. The act of referring; reference. Laud.
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