S - Saccharimetrical

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S.

S (ĕs), the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonant, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a mere hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, débris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, §§ 255-261.
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Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Phænician. The ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c, z, t, and r; as, in ice, OE. is; E. hence, OE. hennes; E. rase, raze; erase, razor; that, G. das; E. reason, F. raison, L. ratio; E. was, were; chair, chaise (see C, Z, T, and R.).
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-s. 1. [OE. es, AS. as.] The suffix used to form the plural of most words; as in roads, elfs, sides, accounts.
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2. [OE. -s, for older -th, AS. -ð.] The suffix used to form the third person singular indicative of English verbs; as in falls, tells, sends.
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3. An adverbial suffix; as in towards, needs, always, -- originally the genitive, possesive, ending. See .
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-'s [OE. -es, AS. -es.] The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy's; man's.
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's. A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has. “My heart's subdued.” Shak.
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Saadh (säȧd), n. See .
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Saan (sän), n. pl. (Ethnol.) Same as .
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Sabadilla (săbȧdĭllȧ), n. [Sp. cebadilla.] (Bot.) A Mexican liliaceous plant (Schœnocaulon officinale); also, its seeds, which contain the alkaloid veratrine. It was formerly used in medicine as an emetic and purgative.
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Sabæan (?), a. & n. Same as .
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Sabæanism (?), n. Same as .
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{ Sabæism (?), Sabaism (?), } n. See .
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Sabal (?), n. (Bot.) A genus of palm trees including the palmetto of the Southern United States.
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Sabaoth (săb�ŏth or sȧbāŏth; 277), n. pl. [Heb. tsebā'ōth, pl. of tsābā', an army or host, fr. tsābā', to go forth to war.] 1. Armies; hosts. [Used twice in the English Bible, in the phrase “The Lord of Sabaoth.”]
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2. Incorrectly, the Sabbath.
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Sabbat (?), n. [See .] In mediæval demonology, the nocturnal assembly in which demons and sorcerers were thought to celebrate their orgies.
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Sabbatarian (?), n. [L. Sabbatarius: cf. F. sabbataire. See .] 1. One who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week as holy, agreeably to the letter of the fourth commandment in the Decalogue.
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☞ There were Christians in the early church who held this opinion, and certain Christians, esp. the Seventh-day Baptists, hold it now.
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2. A strict observer of the Sabbath.
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Sabbatarian, a. Of or pertaining to the Sabbath, or the tenets of Sabbatarians.
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Sabbatarianism (?), n. The tenets of Sabbatarians. Bp. Ward (1673).
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Sabbath (?), n. [OE. sabat, sabbat, F. sabbat, L. sabbatum, Gr. sabbaton, fr. Heb. shabbāth, fr. shābath to rest from labor. Cf. .] 1. A season or day of rest; one day in seven appointed for rest or worship, the observance of which was enjoined upon the Jews in the Decalogue, and has been continued by the Christian church with a transference of the day observed from the last to the first day of the week, which is called also Lord's Day.
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Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. Ex. xx. 8.
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2. The seventh year, observed among the Israelites as one of rest and festival. Lev. xxv. 4.
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3. Fig.: A time of rest or repose; intermission of pain, effort, sorrow, or the like.
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Peaceful sleep out the sabbath of the tomb. Pope.
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Coloq. Sabbath breaker , one who violates the law of the Sabbath. -- Coloq. Sabbath breaking , the violation of the law of the Sabbath. -- Coloq. Sabbath-day's journey , a distance of about a mile, which, under Rabbinical law, the Jews were allowed to travel on the Sabbath.
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Syn. -- , . Sabbath is not strictly synonymous with Sunday. Sabbath denotes the institution; Sunday is the name of the first day of the week. The Sabbath of the Jews is on Saturday, and the Sabbath of most Christians on Sunday. In New England, the first day of the week has been called “the Sabbath,” to mark it as holy time; Sunday is the word more commonly used, at present, in all parts of the United States, as it is in England. “So if we will be the children of our heavenly Father, we must be careful to keep the Christian Sabbath day, which is the Sunday.” Homilies.
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Sabbathless, a. Without Sabbath, or intermission of labor; hence, without respite or rest. Bacon.
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{ Sabbatic (?), Sabbatical (?), } a. [Gr. �: cf. F. sabbatique.] Of or pertaining to the Sabbath; resembling the Sabbath; enjoying or bringing an intermission of labor.
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Coloq. Sabbatical year (Jewish Antiq.), every seventh year, in which the Israelites were commanded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie without tillage.
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Sabbatism (?), n. [L. sabbatismus, Gr. �, fr. � to keep the Sabbath: cf. F. sabbatisme. See .] Intermission of labor, as upon the Sabbath; rest. Dr. H. More.
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Sabbaton (?), n. [Cf. Sp. zapaton, a large shoe, F. sabot a wooden shoe.] A round-toed, armed covering for the feet, worn during a part of the sixteenth century in both military and civil dress.
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Sabean (?), a. & n. Same as .
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Sabeism (?), n. Same as .
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Sabella (?), n. [NL., fr. L. sabulum gravel.] (Zoöl.) A genus of tubicolous annelids having a circle of plumose gills around the head.
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Sabellian (?), a. Pertaining to the doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See , n.
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Sabellian (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Sabellius, a presbyter of Ptolemais in the third century, who maintained that there is but one person in the Godhead, and that the Son and Holy Spirit are only different powers, operations, or offices of the one God the Father.
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Sabellianism (?), n. (Eccl.) The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. See , n.
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Sabelloid (?), a. [Sabella + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like, or related to, the genus Sabella. -- Sabelloid, n.
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{ Saber, Sabre } (?), n. [F. sabre, G. säbel; of uncertain origin; cf. Hung. száblya, Pol. szabla, Russ. sabla, and L. Gr. zabos crooked, curved.] A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword.
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Coloq. Saber fish , or Coloq. Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
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{ Saber, Sabre }, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabered (?) or Sabred (�); p. pr. & vb. n. Sabering or Sabring (�).] [Cf. F. sabrer.] To strike, cut, or kill with a saber; to cut down, as with a saber.
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You send troops to saber and bayonet us into submission. Burke.
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{ Saberbill, Sabrebill }, n. (Zoöl.) The curlew.
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Sabian (?), a. [L. Sabaeus.] [Written also Sabean, and Sabæan.] 1. Of or pertaining to Saba in Arabia, celebrated for producing aromatic plants.
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2. Relating to the religion of Saba, or to the worship of the heavenly bodies.
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Sabian, n. An adherent of the Sabian religion; a worshiper of the heavenly bodies. [Written also Sabæan, and Sabean.]
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Sabianism (?), n. The doctrine of the Sabians; the Sabian religion; that species of idolatry which consists in worshiping the sun, moon, and stars; heliolatry. [Written also Sabæanism.]
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Sabicu (?), n. The very hard wood of a leguminous West Indian tree (Lysiloma Sabicu), valued for shipbuilding.
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Sabine (?), a. [L. Sabinus.] Of or pertaining to the ancient Sabines, a people of Italy. -- n. One of the Sabine people.
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Sabine (?), n. [F., fr. L. Sabina herba, fr. Sabini the Sabines. Cf. .] (Bot.) See .
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Sable (?), n. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.] 1. (Zoöl.) A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur.
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☞ The sable resembles the marten, but has a longer head and ears. Its fur consists of a soft under wool, with a dense coat of hair, overtopped by another still longer. It varies greatly in color and quality according to the locality and the season of the year. The darkest and most valuable furs are taken in autumn and winter in the colder parts of Siberia, Russia, and British North America.
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☞ The American sable, or marten, was formerly considered a distinct species (Mustela Americana), but it differs very little from the Asiatic sable, and is now considered only a geographical variety.
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2. The fur of the sable.
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3. A mourning garment; a funeral robe; -- generally in the plural. “Sables wove by destiny.” Young.
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4. (Her.) The tincture black; -- represented by vertical and horizontal lines crossing each other.
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Sable (?), a. Of the color of the sable's fur; dark; black; -- used chiefly in poetry.
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Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne,
In rayless majesty, now stretches forth
Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world. Young.
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Coloq. Sable antelope (Zoöl.), a large South African antelope (Hippotragus niger). Both sexes have long, sharp horns. The adult male is black; the female is dark chestnut above, white beneath. -- Coloq. Sable iron , a superior quality of Russia iron; -- so called because originally stamped with the figure of a sable. -- Coloq. Sable mouse (Zoöl.), the lemming.
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Sable, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sabled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sabling (?).] To render sable or dark; to drape darkly or in black.
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Sabled all in black the shady sky. G. Fletcher.
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Sabot (sȧbō), n. [F.] 1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries.
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2. (Mil.) A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling.
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Sabotage (?), n. [F.] 1. (a) Scamped work. (b) Malicious waste or destruction of an employer's property or injury to his interests by workmen during labor troubles.

2. any surreptitious destruction of property or obstruction of activity by persons not known to be hostile; -- in war, such actions carried out behind enemy lines by agents or local sympathisers of the hostile power.
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Sabotière (?), n. [F.] A kind of freezer for ices.
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Sabre (?), n. & v. See .
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Sabretasche (?), n. [F. sabretache, G. säbeltasche; säbel saber + tasche a pocket.] (Mil.) A leather case or pocket worn by cavalry at the left side, suspended from the sword belt. Campbell (Dict. Mil. Sci.).
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Sabrina work (?). A variety of appliqué work for quilts, table covers, etc. Caulfeild & S. (Dict. of Needlework).
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Sabulose (?), a. [L. sabulosus, from sabulum, sabulo, sand.] (Bot.) Growing in sandy places.
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Sabulosity (?), n. The quality of being sabulous; sandiness; grittiness.
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Sabulous (?), a. [L. sabulosus.] Sandy; gritty.
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Sac (s�k), n. (Ethnol.) See .
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Sac, n. [See , .] (O.Eng. Law) The privilege formerly enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding courts, trying causes, and imposing fines. Cowell.
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Sac (săk), n. [F., fr. L. saccus a sack. See a bag.] 1. See 2d .
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2. (Biol.) A cavity, bag, or receptacle, usually containing fluid, and either closed, or opening into another cavity to the exterior; a sack.
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Sacalait (?), n. (Zoöl.) A kind of fresh-water bass; the crappie. [Southern U.S.]
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Sacar (?), n. See .
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Saccade (?), n. [F.] (Man.) A sudden, violent check of a horse by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with one pull.
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Saccate (?), a. [NL. saccatus, fr. L. saccus a sack, bag.] 1. (Biol.) Having the form of a sack or pouch; furnished with a sack or pouch, as a petal.
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2. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Saccata, a suborder of ctenophores having two pouches into which the long tentacles can be retracted.
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Saccharate (?), n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of saccharic acid. (b) In a wider sense, a compound of saccharose, or any similar carbohydrate, with such bases as the oxides of calcium, barium, or lead; a sucrate.
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Saccharic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, saccharine substances; specifically, designating an acid obtained, as a white amorphous gummy mass, by the oxidation of mannite, glucose, sucrose, etc.
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Sacchariferous (?), a. [L. saccharon sugar + -ferous.] Producing sugar; as, sacchariferous canes.
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Saccharify (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saccharified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saccharifying (?).] [L. saccharon sugar + -fy: cf. F. saccharifier.] To convert into, or to impregnate with, sugar.
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Saccharilla (?), n. A kind of muslin.
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Saccharimeter (?), n. [L. saccharon sugar + -meter: cf. F. saccharimètre.] An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts. [Written also saccharometer.]
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☞ The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The polarizing saccharimeter of the chemist is a complex optical apparatus, in which polarized light is transmitted through the saccharine solution, and the proportion of sugar indicated by the relative deviation of the plane of polarization.
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Saccharimetrical (?), a. Of or pertaining to saccharimetry; obtained by saccharimetry.
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