Saponacity - Sarculation

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Saponacity (?), n. The quality or state of being saponaceous.
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Saponary (?), a. Saponaceous. Boyle.
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Saponifiable (?), a. Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance.
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Saponification (?), n. [Cf. F. saponification. See .] The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.), the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate.
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Saponifier (?), n. (Chem.) That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.
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Saponify (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Saponified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying (?).] [L. sapo, -onis, soap + -fy: cf. F. saponifier.] To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.), to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate.
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Saponin (?), n. [L. sapo, -onis soap: cf. F. saponine.] (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort (Saponaria), in the bark of soap bark (Quillaia), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphous powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local anæsthesia. Formerly called also struthiin, quillaiin, senegin, polygalic acid, etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.
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Saponite (?), n. [Sw. saponit, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia and alumina. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.
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Saponul (?), n. [F. saponule, fr. L. sapo, -onis, soap.] (Old Chem.) A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule.] [Obs.]
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Sapor (?), n. [L. See .] Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste.
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There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.
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Saporific (?), a. [L. sapor taste + facere to make.] Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.
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Saporosity (?), n. The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.
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Saporous (?), a. [L. saporus that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.] Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.] Bailey.
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Sapota (?), n. [NL., from Sp. sapote, zapote. See .] (Bot.) The sapodilla.
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Sapotaceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order (Sapotaceæ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree (Isonandra), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.
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Sappan wood (?). Sapan wood.
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Sappare (?), n. [F. sappare; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.) Kyanite. [Written also sappar.]
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Sapper (?), n. [Cf. F. sapeur.] One who saps; specifically (Mil.), one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.
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Sapphic (?), a. [L. Sapphicus, Gr. �, fr. � Sappho.] 1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse.
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2. (Pros.) Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl.
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Sapphic, n. (Pros.) A Sapphic verse.
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Sapphire (? or ?; 277), n. [OE. saphir, F. saphir, L. sapphirus, Gr. �, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. sappīr.] 1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.
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Of rubies, sapphires, and of pearlés white. Chaucer.
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☞ Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under ), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under ), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See .
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2. The color of the gem; bright blue.
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3. (Zoöl.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis, native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue.
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Coloq. Star sapphire , or Coloq. Asteriated sapphire (Min.), a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.
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Sapphire, a. Of or resembling sapphire; sapphirine; blue. “The sapphire blaze.” Gray.
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Sapphirine (?), n. Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. “Sapphirine degree of hardness.” Boyle.
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Sappho (?), n. [See .] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho, having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail.
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Sappiness (?), n. The quality of being sappy; juiciness.
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Sappodilla (?), n. (Bot.) See .
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Sappy (?), a. [Compar. Sappier (?); superl. Sappiest.] [From 1st .]
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1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juicy; succulent.
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2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.
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When he had passed this weak and sappy age. Hayward.
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3. Weak in intellect. [Low]
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4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting largely of, sapwood.
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Sappy (?), a. [Written also sapy.] [Cf. L. sapere to taste.] Musty; tainted. [Obs.]
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Saprophagan (?), n. [Gr. sapros rotten + fagei^n to eat: cf. F. saprophage.] (Zoöl.) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon decaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.
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Saprophagous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feeding on carrion.
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Saprophyte (?), n. [Gr. sapros rotten + fyton a plant.] (Bot.) Any plant growing on decayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.
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Saprophytic (?), a. Feeding or growing upon decaying animal or vegetable matter; pertaining to a saprophyte or the saprophytes.
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Saprophytism (?), n. State or fact of being saprophytic.
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Sapsago (?), n. [G. schabzieger; schaben to shave, to scrape + zieger a sort of whey.] A kind of Swiss cheese, of a greenish color, flavored with melilot.
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Sapskull (?), n. A saphead. [Low]
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Sapucaia (?; Pg. �), n. [Pg. sapucaya.] (Bot.) A Brazilian tree. See , and . [Written also sapucaya.]
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Coloq. Sapucaia nut (Bot.), the seed of the sapucaia; -- called also paradise nut.
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Sapwood (?), n. (Bot.) The alburnum, or part of the wood of any exogenous tree next to the bark, being that portion of the tree through which the sap flows most freely; -- distinguished from heartwood.
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Sarabaite (?), n. [LL. Sarabaïtae, pl.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of certain vagrant or heretical Oriental monks in the early church.
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Saraband (?), n. [F. sarabande, Sp. zarabanda, fr. Per. serbend a song.] A slow Spanish dance of Saracenic origin, to an air in triple time; also, the air itself.
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She has brought us the newest saraband from the court of Queen Mab. Sir W. Scott.
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Saracen (?), n. [L. Saracenus perhaps fr. Ar. sharqi, pl. sharqiīn, Oriental, Eastern, fr. sharaqa to rise, said of the sun: cf. F. sarrasin. Cf. , , .] Anciently, an Arab; later, a Mussulman; in the Middle Ages, the common term among Christians in Europe for a Mohammedan hostile to the crusaders.
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Coloq. Saracens' consound (Bot.), a kind of ragwort (Senecio Saracenicus), anciently used to heal wounds.
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{ Saracenic (?), Saracenical (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the Saracens; as, Saracenic architecture. “Saracenic music.” Sir W. Scott.
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Sarasin (?), n. (Arch.) See .
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Saraswati (?), n. [Skr. Sarasvatī.] (Hind. Myth.) The sakti or wife of Brahma; the Hindoo goddess of learning, music, and poetry.
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Sarcasm (?), n. [F. sarcasme, L. sarcasmus, Gr. sarkasmos, from sarkazein to tear flesh like dogs, to bite the lips in rage, to speak bitterly, to sneer, fr. sarx, sarkos, flesh.] A keen, reproachful expression; a satirical remark uttered with some degree of scorn or contempt; a taunt; a gibe; a cutting jest.
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The sarcasms of those critics who imagine our art to be a matter of inspiration. Sir J. Reynolds.
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Syn. -- Satire; irony; ridicule; taunt; gibe.
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Sarcasmous (?), a. Sarcastic. [Obs.] “Sarcasmous scandal.” Hubidras.
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{ Sarcastic (?), Sarcastical (?), } a. Expressing, or expressed by, sarcasm; characterized by, or of the nature of, sarcasm; given to the use of sarcasm; bitterly satirical; scornfully severe; taunting.
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What a fierce and sarcastic reprehension would this have drawn from the friendship of the world! South.
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Sarcastically, adv. In a sarcastic manner.
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Sarcel (?), n. [OF. cercel, F. cerceau, L. circellus, dim. of circulus. See .] One of the outer pinions or feathers of the wing of a bird, esp. of a hawk.
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Sarceled (?), a. (her.) Cut through the middle.
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Sarcelle (?), n. [F., fr. L. querquedula.] (Zoöl.) The old squaw, or long-tailed duck.
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Sarcenet (?), n. [OF. sarcenet; cf. LL. saracenicum cloth made by Saracens. See .] A species of fine thin silk fabric, used for linings, etc. [Written also sarsenet.]
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Thou green sarcenet flap for a sore eye. Shak.
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Sarcin (?), n. Same as .
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Sarcina (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � of flesh, fr. sarx, sarkos, flesh.] (Biol.) A genus of bacteria found in various organic fluids, especially in those those of the stomach, associated with certain diseases. The individual organisms undergo division along two perpendicular partitions, so that multiplication takes place in two directions, giving groups of four cubical cells. Also used adjectively; as, a sarcina micrococcus; a sarcina group.
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Coloq. Sarcina form (Biol.), the tetrad form seen in the division of a dumb-bell group of micrococci into four; -- applied particularly to bacteria. See .
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Sarcle (?), v. t. [F. sarcler to weed, fr. L. sarculare to hoe, fr. sarculum hoe.] To weed, or clear of weeds, with a hoe. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
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Sarco- (?). A combining form from Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh; as, sarcophagous, flesh-eating; sarcology.
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Sarcobasis (?), n.; pl. Sarcobases (#). [NL., fr. Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh + � base.] (Bot.) A fruit consisting of many dry indehiscent cells, which contain but few seeds and cohere about a common style, as in the mallows.
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Sarcoblast (?), n. [Sarco- + -blast.] (Zoöl.) A minute yellowish body present in the interior of certain rhizopods.
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Sarcocarp (?), n. [Sarco- + Gr. � fruit: cf. F. sarcocarpe.] (Bot.) The fleshy part of a stone fruit, situated between the skin, or epicarp, and the stone, or endocarp, as in a peach. See Illust. of .
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☞ The term has also been used to denote any fruit which is fleshy throughout. M. T. Masters.
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Sarcocele (?), n. [Gr. �; sarx, sarkos, flesh + � tumor: cf. F. sarcocèle.] (Med.) Any solid tumor of the testicle.
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{ Sarcocol (?), Sarcocolla (?), } n. [L. sarcocolla, from Gr. �; sarx, sarkos, flesh + � glue: cf. F. sarcocolle.] A gum resin obtained from certain shrubs of Africa (Penæa), -- formerly thought to cause healing of wounds and ulcers.
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Sarcode (?), n. [Gr. � fleshy; sarx, flesh + e'i^dos form. Cf. .] (Biol.) A name applied by Dujardin in 1835 to the gelatinous material forming the bodies of the lowest animals; protoplasm.
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{ Sarcoderm (?), sarcoderma (?), } n. [NL. sarcoderma. See , and .] (Bot.) (a) A fleshy covering of a seed, lying between the external and internal integuments. (b) A sarcocarp.
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Sarcodic (? or ?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to sarcode.
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Sarcoid (?), a. [Gr. �. See .] (Biol.) Resembling flesh, or muscle; composed of sarcode.
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Sarcolactic (?), a. [Sarco- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) Relating to muscle and milk; as, sarcolactic acid. See Lactic acid, under .
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Sarcolemma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh + � rind, skin.] (Anat.) The very thin transparent and apparently homogeneous sheath which incloses a striated muscular fiber; the myolemma.
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Sarcoline (?), a. [Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh.] (Min.) Flesh-colored.
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{ Sarcologic (?), Sarcological (?), } a. Of or pertaining to sarcology.
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Sarcology (?), n. [Sarco- + -logy: cf. F. sarcologie.] That part of anatomy which treats of the soft parts. It includes myology, angiology, neurology, and splanchnology.
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Sarcoma (?), n.; pl. L. Sarcomata (# or #), E. sarcomas (#). [NL., from Gr. �, from sarx, sarkos, flesh.] (Med.) A tumor of fleshy consistence; -- formerly applied to many varieties of tumor, now restricted to a variety of malignant growth made up of cells resembling those of fetal development without any proper intercellular substance.
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Sarcomatous (? or ?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to sarcoma; resembling sarcoma.
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Sarcophaga (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. See .] (Zoöl.) A suborder of carnivorous and insectivorous marsupials including the dasyures and the opossums.
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Sarcophaga, n. [NL., fem. sing. See .] (Zoöl.) A genus of Diptera, including the flesh flies.
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Sarcophagan (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any animal which eats flesh, especially any carnivorous marsupial.
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2. (Zoöl.) Any fly of the genus Sarcophaga.
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Sarcophagous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feeding on flesh; flesh-eating; carnivorous.
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Sarcophagus (?), n.; pl. L. Sarcophagi (#), E. Sarcophaguses (#). [L., fr. Gr. sarkofagos, properly, eating flesh; sarx, sarkos, flesh + fagei^n to eat. Cf. .] 1. A species of limestone used among the Greeks for making coffins, which was so called because it consumed within a few weeks the flesh of bodies deposited in it. It is otherwise called lapis Assius, or Assian stone, and is said to have been found at Assos, a city of Lycia. Holland.
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2. A coffin or chest-shaped tomb of the kind of stone described above; hence, any stone coffin.
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3. A stone shaped like a sarcophagus and placed by a grave as a memorial.
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Sarcophagy (?), n. [Gr. sarkofagia. See .] The practice of eating flesh.
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Sarcophile (?), n. [Sacro- + Gr. � a lover.] (Zoöl.) A flesh-eating animal, especially any one of the carnivorous marsupials.
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Sarcoptes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh + koptein to cut.] (Zoöl.) A genus of parasitic mites including the itch mites.
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Sarcoptid (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Sarcoptes and related genera of mites, comprising the itch mites and mange mites. -- a. Of or pertaining to the itch mites.
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Sarcorhamphi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh + � beak.] (Zoöl.) A division of raptorial birds comprising the vultures.
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Sarcoseptum (?), n.; pl. Sarcosepta (#). [Sarco- + septum.] (Zoöl.) One of the mesenteries of an anthozoan.
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Sarcosin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline nitrogenous substance, formed in the decomposition of creatin (one of the constituents of muscle tissue). Chemically, it is methyl glycocoll.
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Sarcosis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. �, fr. sarx, sarkos, flesh.] (Med.) (a) Abnormal formation of flesh. (b) Sarcoma.
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Sarcotic (?), a. [Gr. �: cf. F. sarcotique.] (Med.) Producing or promoting the growth of flesh. [R.] -- n. A sarcotic medicine. [R.]
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Sarcous (?), a. [Gr. sarx, sarkos, flesh.] (Anat.) Fleshy; -- applied to the minute structural elements, called sarcous elements, or sarcous disks, of which striated muscular fiber is composed.
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Sarculation (?), n. [L. sarculatio. See .] A weeding, as with a hoe or a rake.
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