Schoolmate - Scious

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Schoolmate (?), n. A pupil who attends the same school as another.
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Schoolmistress (?), n. A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female school-teacher.
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Schoolroom (?), n. A room in which pupils are taught.
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Schoolship (?), n. A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which naval apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state, and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be disciplined, and instructed as mariners.
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School-teacher (?), n. One who teaches or instructs a school. -- School-teaching, n.
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Schoolward (?), adv. Toward school. Chaucer.
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Schooner (?), n. [See the Note below. Cf. .] (Naut.) Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two masts and fore-and-aft rig. Sometimes it carried square topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner. About 1840, longer vessels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vessels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners, four-masted schooners, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
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☞ The first schooner ever constructed is said to have been built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about the year 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,“O, how she scoons!” Robinson replied, “ A scooner let her be;” and, from that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda, skynda, to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun. In the New England records, the word appears to have been originally written scooner. Babson, in his “History of Gloucester,” gives the following extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New England: “This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of schooners, and built the first of that sort about eight years since.”
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Schooner, n. [D.] A large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale. [U.S.]
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Schorl (shôrl), n. [G. schörl; cf. Sw. skörl.] (Min.) Black tourmaline. [Written also shorl.]
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Schorlaceous (?), a. Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling schorl.
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Schorlous (?), a. Schorlaceous.
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Schorly (�), a. Pertaining to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly granite.
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{ Schottish, Schottische }, (�), n. [F. schottish, schotisch from G. schottisch Scottish, Scotch.] A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to the polka, only slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not to be confounded with the Écossaise.
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Schreibersite (?), n. [Named after Carl von Schreibers, of Vienna.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible folia. It contains iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found only in meteoric iron.
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Schrode (?), n. See .
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Schwann's sheath (?). [So called from Theodor Schwann, a German anatomist of the 19th century.] (Anat.) The neurilemma.
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Schwann's white substance (?). (Anat.) The substance of the medullary sheath.
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Schwanpan (?), n. Chinese abacus.
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Schweitzerkäse (?), n. [G. schweizerkäse Swiss cheese.] Gruyère cheese.
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{ Schwenkfelder (?), Schwenkfeldian (?), } n. A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther, especially on the deification of the body of Christ.
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Sciænoid (?), a. [L. sciæna a kind of fish (fr. Gr. �) + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Sciænidæ, a family of carnivorous marine fishes which includes the meagre (Sciaena umbra or Sciaena aquila), and fish of the drum and croaker families. The croaker is so called because it may make a croaking noise by use of its bladder; the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus, formerly Micropogon undulatus) and the squeteague are a members of the croaker family, and the kingfish is a drum.
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Sciagraph (?), n. [See .] 1. (Arch.) An old term for a vertical section of a building; -- called also sciagraphy. See Vertical section, under .
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2. (Phys.) A radiograph. [Written also skiagraph.]
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Sciagraphical (?), a. [Cf. F. sciagraphique, Gr. �.] Pertaining to sciagraphy. -- Sciagraphically, adv.
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Sciagraphy (?), n. [Gr. �, fr. � drawing in light and shade; � a shadow + � to delineate, describe: cf. F. sciagraphie.] 1. The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as they fall in nature. Gwilt.
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2. (Arch.) Same as .
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3. (Physics) Same as .
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Sciamachy (?), n. See .
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{ Sciatheric (?), Sciatherical (?), } a. [Gr. �, fr. � a sundial; � a shadow + � to hunt, to catch.] Belonging to a sundial. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
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-- Sciatherically, adv. [Obs.] J. Gregory.
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Sciatic (?), a. [F. sciatique, LL. sciaticus, from L. ischiadicus, Gr. �. See .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic pains.
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Sciatic, n. [Cf. F. sciatique.] (Med.) Sciatica.
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Sciatica (?), n. [NL.] (Med.) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thigh, or in the leg or foot, following the course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and the parts adjoining it. See Ischiadic passion, under .
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Sciatical (?), a. (Anat.) Sciatic.
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Sciatically, adv. With, or by means of, sciatica.
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Scibboleth (?), n. Shibboleth. [Obs.]
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Science (?), n. [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis, p. pr. of scire to know. Cf. , , .] 1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained truth of facts.
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If we conceive God's sight or science, before the creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to pass. Hammond.
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Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental philosophy. Coleridge.
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2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.
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All this new science that men lere [teach]. Chaucer.
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Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection, and in point of matter, the character of real truth. Sir W. Hamilton.
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3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science, and physical science.
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Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history, philosophy. J. Morley.
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4. Any branch or department of systematized knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or object of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or of mind.
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☞ The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- the first three being included in the Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium.
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Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven,
And though no science, fairly worth the seven. Pope.
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5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of knowledge of laws and principles.
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His science, coolness, and great strength. G. A. Lawrence.
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☞ Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all applications. Both these terms have a similar and special signification when applied to the science of quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact science is knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and physical sciences are called the exact sciences.
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Coloq. Comparative sciences , Coloq. Inductive sciences . See under , and .
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Syn. -- Literature; art; knowledge. -- , , . Science is literally knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not embraced under science, but usually confined to the belles-lettres. [See .] Art is that which depends on practice and skill in performance. “In science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be said to be investigations of truth; but one, science, inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art, for the sake of production; and hence science is more concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower; and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive application. And the most perfect state of science, therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry; the perfection of art will be the most apt and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into the form of rules.” Karslake.
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Science, v. t. To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. [R.] Francis.
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science fiction (sī�ns fĭkshŭn), n. [science fiction.] A genre of fiction in which scientific and technological issues feature prominently, especially including scenarios in which speculative but unproven scientific advances are accepted as fact, and usually set at some time in the future, or in some distant region of the universe.
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Scient (?), a. [L. sciens, -entis, p. pr.] Knowing; skillful. [Obs.] Cockeram.
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Scienter (?), adv. [L.] (Law) Knowingly; willfully. Bouvier.
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Sciential (?), a. [LL. scientialis, fr. L. scientia.] Pertaining to, or producing, science. [R.] Milton.
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Scientific (?), a. [F. scientifique; L. scientia science + facere to make.] 1. Of or pertaining to science; used in science; as, scientific principles; scientific apparatus; scientific observations.
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2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or principles of science; as, a scientific classification; a scientific arrangement of fossils.
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3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science; evincing science or systematic knowledge; as, a scientific chemist; a scientific reasoner; a scientific argument.
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Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his sentences. Landor.
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Coloq. Scientific method , the method employed in exact science and consisting of: (a) Careful and abundant observation and experiment. (b) generalization of the results into formulated “Laws” and statements.
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Scientifical (?), a. Scientific. Locke.
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Scientifically, adv. In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of science.
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It is easier to believe than to be scientifically instructed. Locke.
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Scientist (?), n. One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent]
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☞ Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist, though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869).
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Sci-Fi, scifi (sīfī), n. [From science fiction.] Science fiction; -- a common shortened form for the name of the literaray genre. See . [informal]
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Scilicet (?), adv. [L., fr. scire licet you may know.] To wit; namely; videlicet; -- often abbreviated to sc., or ss.
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Scillain (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from squill (Scilla) as a light porous substance.
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Scillitin (?), n. [Cf. F. scilitine.] (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill (Scilla), and probably consisting of a complex mixture of several substances.
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{ Scimiter , Scimitar } (?), n. [F. cimeterre, cf. It. scimitarra, Sp. cimitarra; fr. Biscayan cimetarra with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimshīr.] 1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [Written also cimeter, and scymetar.]
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2. A long-handled billhook. See .
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Coloq. Scimiter pods (Bot.), the immense curved woody pods of a leguminous woody climbing plant (Entada scandens) growing in tropical India and America. They contain hard round flattish seeds two inches in diameter, which are made into boxes.
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Scincoid (?), a. [L. scincus a kind of lizard (fr. Gr. �) + -oid. Cf. .] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the family Scincidæ, or skinks. -- n. A scincoidian.
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Scincoidea (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of lizards including the skinks. See .
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Scincoidian (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of lizards of the family Scincidæ or tribe Scincoidea. The tongue is not extensile. The body and tail are covered with overlapping scales, and the toes are margined. See Illust. under .
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Sciniph (?), n. [L. scinifes, cinifes, or ciniphes, pl., Gr. �.] Some kind of stinging or biting insect, as a flea, a gnat, a sandfly, or the like. Ex. viii. 17 (Douay version).
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Scink (?), n. (Zoöl.) A skink.
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Scink (?), n. A slunk calf. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
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Scintilla (?), n. [L.] A spark; the least particle; an iota; a tittle. R. North.
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Scintillant (?), a. [L. scintillans, p. pr. of scintillare to sparkle. See .] Emitting sparks, or fine igneous particles; sparkling. M. Green.
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Scintillate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Scintillated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Scintillating.] [L. scintillare, scintillatum, from scintilla a spark. Cf. .] 1. To emit sparks, or fine igneous particles.
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As the electrical globe only scintillates when rubbed against its cushion. Sir W. Scott.
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2. To sparkle, as the fixed stars.
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Scintillation (?), n. [L. scintillatio: cf. F. scintillation.] 1. The act of scintillating.
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2. A spark or flash emitted in scintillating.
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These scintillations are . . . the inflammable effluences discharged from the bodies collided. Sir T. Browne.
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Scintillous (?), a. Scintillant. [R.]
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Scintillously, adv. In a scintillant manner. [R.]
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Sciography (?), n. See .
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Sciolism (?), n. [See .] The knowledge of a sciolist; superficial knowledge.
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Sciolist (?), n. [L. sciolus. See .] One who knows many things superficially; a pretender to science; a smatterer.
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These passages in that book were enough to humble the presumption of our modern sciolists, if their pride were not as great as their ignorance. Sir W. Temple.
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A master were lauded and sciolists shent. R. Browning.
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Sciolistic (?), a. Of or pertaining to sciolism, or a sciolist; partaking of sciolism; resembling a sciolist.
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Sciolous (?), a. [L. scilus, dim. of scius knowing, fr. scire to know. See .] Knowing superficially or imperfectly. Howell.
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Sciomachy (?), n. [Gr. �, �; � a shadow + � battle: cf. F. sciomachie, sciamachie.] A fighting with a shadow; a mock contest; an imaginary or futile combat. [Written also scimachy.] Cowley.
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Sciomancy (?), n. [Gr. � a shadow + -mancy: cf. F. sciomance, sciamancie.] Divination by means of shadows.
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Scion (?), n. [OF. cion, F. scion, probably from scier to saw, fr. L. secare to cut. Cf. .] 1. (Bot.) (a) A shoot or sprout of a plant; a sucker. (b) A piece of a slender branch or twig cut for grafting. [Formerly written also cion, and cyon.]
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2. Hence, a descendant; an heir; as, a scion of a royal stock.
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Scioptic (?), a. [Gr. � shadow + � belonging to sight: cf. F. scioptique. See .] (Opt.) Of or pertaining to an optical arrangement for forming images in a darkened room, usually called scioptic ball.
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Coloq. Scioptic ball (Opt.), the lens of a camera obscura mounted in a wooden ball which fits a socket in a window shutter so as to be readily turned, like the eye, to different parts of the landscape.
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Sciopticon (?), n. [NL. See .] A kind of magic lantern.
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Scioptics (?), n. The art or process of exhibiting luminous images, especially those of external objects, in a darkened room, by arrangements of lenses or mirrors.
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Scioptric (?), a. (Opt.) Scioptic.
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Sciot (?), a. Of or pertaining to the island Scio (Chio or Chios). -- n. A native or inhabitant of Scio. [Written also Chiot.]
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Sciotheric (?), a. [Cf. L. sciothericon a sundial. See .] Of or pertaining to a sundial.
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Coloq. Sciotheric telescope (Dialing), an instrument consisting of a horizontal dial, with a telescope attached to it, used for determining the time, whether of day or night.
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Scious (?), a. [L. scius.] Knowing; having knowledge. “Brutes may be and are scious.” Coleridge.
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