Shackle - Shaftman

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Shackle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shackling.] 1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain.
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To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn
Of gathering crowds, the Britons' boasted chief. J. Philips.
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2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber.
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Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom could pursue that object. Walpole.
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3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.]
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Coloq. Shackle bar , the coupling between a locomotive and its tender. [U.S.] -- Coloq. Shackle bolt , a shackle. Sir W. Scott.
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Shacklock (?), n. A sort of shackle. [Obs.]
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Shackly, a. Shaky; rickety. [Colloq. U. S.]
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Shack up, v. i. 1. to live together in a sexual relationship, without being legally married. [Slang, U. S.]
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2. to live in a cabin, shack, or other crude dwelling. [Slang, U. S.]
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Shad (shăd), n. sing. & pl. [AS. sceadda a kind of fish, akin to Prov. G. schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a herring, W. ysgadan herrings; all perhaps akin to E. skate a fish.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species (Alosa sapidissima formerly Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose (Alosa alosa formerly Clupea alosa), and the twaite shad (Alosa finta formerly Clupea finta), are less important species. [Written also chad.]
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☞ The name is loosely applied, also, to several other fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under ), called also mud shad, white-eyed shad, and winter shad.
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Coloq. Hardboaded shad , or Coloq. Yellow-tailed shad , the menhaden. -- Coloq. Hickory shad , or Coloq. Tailor shad , the . -- Coloq. Long-boned shad , one of several species of important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres. -- Coloq. Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier (A. Canadensis, and A. alnifolia) Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called service tree, and Juneberry. -- Coloq. Shad frog , an American spotted frog (Rana halecina); -- so called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in the rivers. -- Coloq. Trout shad , the squeteague. -- Coloq. White shad , the common shad.
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Shadbird (shădbẽrd), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The American, or Wilson's, snipe. See under . So called because it appears at the same time as the shad. (b) The common European sandpiper. [Prov. Eng.]
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Shadd (shăd), n. (Mining.) Rounded stones containing tin ore, lying at the surface of the ground, and indicating a vein. Raymond.
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Shadde (?), obs. imp. of . Chaucer.
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Shaddock (?), n. [Said to be so called from a Captain Shaddock, who first brought this fruit from the East Indies.] (Bot.) A tree (Citrus decumana) and its fruit, which is a large species of orange; -- called also forbidden fruit, and pompelmous.
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Shade (shād), n. [OE. shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS. sceadu, scead; akin to OS. skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato, (gen. scatewes), G. schatten, Goth. skadus, Ir. & Gael. sgath, and probably to Gr. skotos darkness. √162. Cf. , a hat.] 1. Comparative obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the rays of light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of something between the space contemplated and the source of light.
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☞ Shade differs from shadow as it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. When we speak of the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its form and extent.
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2. Darkness; obscurity; -- often in the plural.
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The shades of night were falling fast. Longfellow.
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3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light; hence, a secluded retreat.
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Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there
Weep our sad bosoms empty. Shak.
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4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light or the direct rays of the sun; hence, also, that which protects from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection; shelter; cover; as, a lamp shade.
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The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand. Ps. cxxi. 5.
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Sleep under a fresh tree's shade. Shak.
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Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading shades of vegetables. J. Philips.
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5. Shadow. [Poetic.]
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Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue. Pope.
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6. The soul after its separation from the body; -- so called because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight, though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as, the shades of departed heroes.
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Swift as thought the flitting shade
Thro' air his momentary journey made. Dryden.
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7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) The darker portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See Def. 1, above.
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8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or lighter, stronger or paler; as, a delicate shade of pink.
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White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green only in by the eyes. Locke.
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9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought, belief, expression, etc.; also, the quality or degree of anything which is distinguished from others similar by slight differences; as, the shades of meaning in synonyms.
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New shades and combinations of thought. De Quincey.
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Every shade of religious and political opinion has its own headquarters. Macaulay.
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Coloq. The Shades , the Nether World; the supposed abode of souls after leaving the body.
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Shade (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shading.] 1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off illumination from. Milton.
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I went to crop the sylvan scenes,
And shade our altars with their leafy greens. Dryden.
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2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen; to hide; as, to shade one's eyes.
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Ere in our own house I do shade my head. Shak.
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3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of.
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Thou shad'st
The full blaze of thy beams. Milton.
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4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken.
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5. To mark with gradations of light or color.
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6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent. [Obs.]
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[The goddess] in her person cunningly did shade
That part of Justice which is Equity. Spenser.
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Shade (shād), v. i. [See , n.] To undergo or exhibit minute difference or variation, as of color, meaning, expression, etc.; to pass by slight changes; -- used chiefly with a preposition, as into, away, off.

This small group will be most conveniently treated with the emotional division, into which it shades. Edmund Gurney.
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Shadeful (?), a. Full of shade; shady.
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Shadeless, a. Being without shade; not shaded.
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Shader (?), n. One who, or that which, shades.
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Shadily (?), adv. In a shady manner.
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Shadiness, n. Quality or state of being shady.
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Shading, n. 1. Act or process of making a shade.
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2. That filling up which represents the effect of more or less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in a picture or a drawing.
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Shadoof (shȧd�f), n. [Ar. shādūf.] A machine, resembling a well sweep, used in Egypt for raising water from the Nile for irrigation.
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Shadow (shăd�), n. [Originally the same word as shade. √162. See .] 1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a surface, and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as, the shadow of a man, of a tree, or of a tower. See the Note under , n., 1.
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2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.
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Night's sable shadows from the ocean rise. Denham.
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3. A shaded place; shelter; protection; security.
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In secret shadow from the sunny ray,
On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid. Spenser.
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4. A reflected image, as in a mirror or in water. Shak.
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5. That which follows or attends a person or thing like a shadow; an inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious follower.
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Sin and her shadow Death. Milton.
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6. A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom. “Hence, horrible shadow!” Shak.
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7. An imperfect and faint representation; adumbration; indistinct image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical representation; type.
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The law having a shadow of good things to come. Heb. x. 1.
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[Types] and shadows of that destined seed. Milton.
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8. A small degree; a shade. “No variableness, neither shadow of turning.” James i. 17.
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9. An uninvited guest coming with one who is invited. [A Latinism] Nares.
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I must not have my board pastered with shadows
That under other men's protection break in
Without invitement. Massinger.
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Coloq. Shadow of death , darkness or gloom like that caused by the presence or the impending of death. Ps. xxiii. 4.
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Shadow, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shadowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shadowing.] [OE. shadowen, AS. sceadwian. See , n.] 1. To cut off light from; to put in shade; to shade; to throw a shadow upon; to overspead with obscurity.
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The warlike elf much wondered at this tree,
So fair and great, that shadowed all the ground. Spenser.
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2. To conceal; to hide; to screen. [R.]
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Let every soldier hew him down a bough.
And bear't before him; thereby shall we shadow
The numbers of our host. Shak.
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3. To protect; to shelter from danger; to shroud.
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Shadowing their right under your wings of war. Shak.
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4. To mark with gradations of light or color; to shade.
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5. To represent faintly or imperfectly; to adumbrate; hence, to represent typically.
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Augustus is shadowed in the person of Æneas. Dryden.
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6. To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over.
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The shadowed livery of the burnished sun. Shak.
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Why sad?
I must not see the face O love thus shadowed. Beau. & Fl.
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7. To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and watch closely, especially in a secret or unobserved manner; as, a detective shadows a criminal.
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Shadowiness (?), n. The quality or state of being shadowy.
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Shadowing, n. 1. Shade, or gradation of light and color; shading. Feltham.
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2. A faint representation; an adumbration.
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There are . . . in savage theology shadowings, quaint or majestic, of the conception of a Supreme Deity. Tylor.
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Shadowish, a. Shadowy; vague. [Obs.] Hooker.
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Shadowless, a. Having no shadow.
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Shadowy (?), a. 1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow. “Shadowy verdure.” Fenton.
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This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods. Shak.
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2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. “The shadowy past.” Longfellow.
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3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.
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The moon . . . with more pleasing light,
Shadowy sets off the face things. Milton.
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4. Faintly representative; hence, typical.
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From shadowy types to truth, from flesh to spirit. Milton.
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5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as, shadowy honor.
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Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy
and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death. Addison.
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Shadrach (?), n. (Metal.) A mass of iron on which the operation of smelting has failed of its intended effect; -- so called from Shadrach, one of the three Hebrews who came forth unharmed from the fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar. (See Dan. iii. 26, 27.)
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Shad-spirit (?), n. See (a)
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Shad-waiter (?), n. (Zoöl.) A lake whitefish; the roundfish. See .
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Shady (?), a. [Compar. Shadier (?); superl. Shadiest.] 1. Abounding in shade or shades; overspread with shade; causing shade.
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The shady trees cover him with their shadow. Job. xl. 22.
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And Amaryllis fills the shady groves. Dryden.
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2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry heat.
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Cast it also that you may have rooms shady for summer and warm for winter. Bacon.
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3. Of or pertaining to shade or darkness; hence, unfit to be seen or known; of questionable character; unsavory; equivocal; dubious, corrupt, or criminal; as, a shady character; -- of people or activities. [Colloq.] “A shady business.” London Sat. Rev.

Shady characters, disreputable, criminal. London Spectator.
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Coloq. On the shady side of , on the thither side of; as, on the shady side of fifty; that is, more than fifty. [Colloq.] -- Coloq. To keep shady , to stay in concealment; also, to be reticent. [Slang]
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Shaffle (?), v. i. [See .] To hobble or limp; to shuffle. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
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Shaffler (?), n. A hobbler; one who limps; a shuffer. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
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Shafiite (?), n. A member of one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or Orthodox Mohammedans; -- so called from its founder, Mohammed al-Shafeï.
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Shaft (?), n. [OE. shaft, schaft, AS. sceaft; akin to D. schacht, OHG. scaft, G. schaft, Dan. & Sw. skaft handle, haft, Icel. skapt, and probably to L. scapus, Gr. ����, ����, a staff. Probably originally, a shaven or smoothed rod. Cf. , , .] 1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow.
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His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft,
That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft. Chaucer.
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A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele [stale], the feathers, and the head. Ascham.
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2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be thrown or darted; as, shafts of light.
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And the thunder,
Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage,
Perhaps hath spent his shafts. Milton.
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Some kinds of literary pursuits . . . have been attacked with all the shafts of ridicule. V. Knox.
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3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or handle of an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially when cylindrical. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant. (b) (Zoöl.) The stem or midrib of a feather. See Illust. of . (c) The pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also, a thill. (d) The part of a candlestick which supports its branches.
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Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold . . . his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same. Ex. xxv. 31.
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(e) The handle or helve of certain tools, instruments, etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc. (f) A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.] Stow. (g) (Arch.) The body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base (see Illust. of ). Also, the part of a chimney above the roof. Also, the spire of a steeple. [Obs. or R.] Gwilt. (h) A column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar monument.
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Bid time and nature gently spare
The shaft we raise to thee. Emerson.
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(i) (Weaving) A rod at the end of a heddle. (j) (Mach.) A solid or hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more journals on which it rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or more wheels or other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; as, the shaft of a steam engine. See Illust. of .
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4. (Zoöl.) A humming bird (Thaumastura cora) having two of the tail feathers next to the middle ones very long in the male; -- called also cora humming bird.
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5. [Cf. G. schacht.] (Mining) A well-like excavation in the earth, perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and raising ore, for raising water, etc.
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6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air shaft.
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7. The chamber of a blast furnace.
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Coloq. Line shaft (Mach.), a main shaft of considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means of countershafts; -- called also line, or main line. -- Coloq. Shaft alley (Naut.), a passage extending from the engine room to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft. -- Coloq. Shaft furnace (Metal.), a furnace, in the form of a chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at the bottom.
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Shafted, a. 1. Furnished with a shaft, or with shafts; as, a shafted arch.
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2. (Her.) Having a shaft; -- applied to a spear when the head and the shaft are of different tinctures.
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Shafting, n. (Mach.) Shafts, collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for communicating motion.
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{ Shaftman (?), Shaftment (?), } n. [AS. sceaftmund.] A measure of about six inches. [Obs.]
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