Shag - Shaman

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Shag (?), n. [AS. sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. skegg the beard, Sw. skägg, Dan. skj�g. Cf. of hair.] 1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair.
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True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn. Gay.
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2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.
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3. (Com.) A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine.
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4. (Zoöl.) Any species of cormorant.
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Shag, a. Hairy; shaggy. Shak.
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Shag, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shagging.] To make hairy or shaggy; hence, to make rough.
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Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies. J. Barlow.
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Shagbark (?), n. (Bot.) A rough-barked species of hickory (Carya alba), its nut. Called also shellbark. See . (b) The West Indian Pithecolobium micradenium, a legiminous tree with a red coiled-up pod.
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Shagebush (?), n. A sackbut. [Obs.]
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Shagged (?), a. Shaggy; rough. Milton. -- Shaggedness, n. Dr. H. More.
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Shagginess (?), n. The quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.
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Shaggy (?), a. [Compar. Shaggier (?); superl. Shaggiest.] [From , n.] Rough with long hair or wool.
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About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin. Dryden.
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2. Rough; rugged; jaggy. Milton.
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[A rill] that winds unseen beneath the shaggy fell. Keble.
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Shag-haired (?), a. Having shaggy hair. Shak.
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Shag-rag (?), n. The unkempt and ragged part of the community. [Colloq. or Slang.] R. Browning.
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Shagreen (?), v. t. To chagrin. [Obs.]
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Shagreen, n. [F. chagrin, It. zigrino, fr. Turk. saghri the back of a horse or other beast of burden, shagreen. Cf. .] 1. A kind of untanned leather prepared in Russia and the East, from the skins of horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be covered with small round granulations. This characteristic surface is produced by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when moist, and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left between them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions of the skin which had been compressed or indented by the seeds to swell up into relief. It is used for covering small cases and boxes.
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2. The skin of various small sharks and other fishes when having small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of the genus Scyllium furnish a large part of that used in the arts.
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{ Shagreen (?), Shagreened (?) } a. 1. Made or covered with the leather called shagreen. “A shagreen case of lancets.” T. Hook.
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2. (Zoöl.) Covered with rough scales or points like those on shagreen.
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Shah (shä), n. [Per. shāh a king, sovereign, prince. Cf. , , .] A former title of the supreme ruler in certain Eastern countries, especially Persia and Iran. [Written also schah.]
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Coloq. Shah Nameh . [Per., Book of Kings.] A celebrated historical poem written by Firdousi, being the most ancient in the modern Persian language. Brande & C.
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Shahin (?), n. [Ar. shāhīn.] (Zoöl.) A large and swift Asiatic falcon (Falco pregrinator) highly valued in falconry.
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Shaik (?), n. See .
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Shail (?), v. i. [Cf. AS. sceolh squinting, Icel. skjāgr wry, oblique, Dan. skele to squint.] To walk sidewise. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
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{ Shaitan, Sheitan } (?), n. [Written also sheytan.] [Hind. shaitān, fr. Ar. shaiṭān.] 1. Among Mohammedans: (a) An evil spirit; the evil one; the devil. (b) One of bad disposition; a fiend. [Colloq.]
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2. (Meteor.) A dust storm. [India]
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Shake (?), obs. p. p. of . Chaucer.
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Shake, v. t. [imp. Shook (?); p. p. Shaken (?), (Shook, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Shaking.] [OE. shaken, schaken, AS. scacan, sceacan; akin to Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS. skakan, to depart, to flee. √161. Cf. , v.] 1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate.
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As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind. Rev. vi. 13.
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Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels
That shake heaven's basis. Milton.
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2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of.
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When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they persecuted his reputation. Atterbury.
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Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love
Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced. Milton.
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3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake a note in music.
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4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down from a tree.
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Shake off the golden slumber of repose. Shak.
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'Tis our fast intent
To shake all cares and business from our age. Shak.
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I could scarcely shake him out of my company. Bunyan.
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Coloq. To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the staves. -- Coloq. To shake hands , to perform the customary act of civility by clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell, good will, agreement, etc. -- Coloq. To shake out a reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread more canvas. -- Coloq. To shake the bells . See under . -- Coloq. To shake the sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
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Shake, v. i. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to totter.
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Under his burning wheels
The steadfast empyrean shook throughout,
All but the throne itself of God. Milton.
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What danger? Who 's that that shakes behind there? Beau. & Fl.
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Coloq. Shaking piece , a name given by butchers to the piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See Illust. of .
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Shake (?), n. 1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering; agitation.
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The great soldier's honor was composed
Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake. Herbert.
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Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. Addison.
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2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly. Gwilt.
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3. A fissure in rock or earth.
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4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a trill.
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5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. Totten.
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6. A shook of staves and headings. Knight.
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7. (Zoöl.) The redshank; -- so called from the nodding of its head while on the ground. [Prov. Eng.]
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Coloq. No great shakes , of no great importance. [Slang] Byron. -- Coloq. The shakes , the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]
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Shakedown (?), n. A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; -- perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this purpose. Sir W. Scott.
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Shakefork (?), n. A fork for shaking hay; a pitchfork. [Obs.]
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Shaken (?), a. 1. Caused to shake; agitated; as, a shaken bough.
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2. Cracked or checked; split. See , n., 2.
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Nor is the wood shaken or twisted. Barroe.
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3. Impaired, as by a shock.
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Shaker (?), n. 1. A person or thing that shakes, or by means of which something is shaken.
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2. One of a religious sect who do not marry, popularly so called from the movements of the members in dancing, which forms a part of their worship.
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☞ The sect originated in England in 1747, and came to the United States in 1774, under the leadership of Mother Ann Lee. The Shakers are sometimes nicknamed Shaking Quakers, but they differ from the Quakers in doctrine and practice. They style themselves the “United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing.” The sect is now confined in the United States.
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3. (Zoöl.) A variety of pigeon. P. J. Selby.
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Shakeress, n. A female Shaker.
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Shakerism (?), n. Doctrines of the Shakers.
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Shakespearean (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his works. [Written also Shakespearian, Shakspearean, Shakspearian, Shaksperean, Shaksperian.etc.]
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Shakiness (?), n. Quality of being shaky.
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Shakings (?), n. pl. (Naut.) Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage, canvas, etc. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
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Shako (?), n. [Hung. csákó: cf. F. shako, schako.] A kind of military cap or headdress.
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Shakudo (shăk�dō), n. [Jap.] An alloy of copper, invented by the Japanese, having a very dark blue color approaching black.
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Shaky (?), a. [Compar. Shakier (?); superl. Shakiest.] 1. Shaking or trembling; as, a shaky spot in a marsh; a shaky hand. Thackeray.
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2. Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; as, shaky timber. Gwilt.
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3. Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; as, a shaky constitution; shaky business credit. [Colloq.]
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Shale (?), n. [AS. scealy, scalu. See , and cf. .] 1. A shell or husk; a cod or pod. “The green shales of a bean.” Chapman.
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2. [G. shale.] (Geol.) A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure.
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Coloq. Bituminous shale . See under .
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Shale, v. t. To take off the shell or coat of; to shell.
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Life, in its upper grades, was bursting its shell, or was shaling off its husk. I. Taylor.
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Shall (?), v. i. & auxiliary. [imp. Should (?).] [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen, pres. zal, imp. zoude, zou, OHG. solan, scolan, pres. scal, sol. imp. scolta, solta, G. sollen, pres. soll, imp. sollte, Icel. skulu, pres. skal, imp. skyldi, SW. skola, pres. skall, imp. skulle, Dan. skulle, pres. skal, imp. skulde, Goth. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skulda, and to AS. scyld guilt, G. schuld guilt, fault, debt, and perhaps to L. scelus crime.] [Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative, or participle.] 1. To owe; to be under obligation for. [Obs.] “By the faith I shall to God” Court of Love.
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2. To be obliged; must. [Obs.] “Me athinketh [I am sorry] that I shall rehearse it her.” Chaucer.
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3. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person speaking; as, you shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat, or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is also employed in the language of prophecy; as, “the day shall come when . . . , ” since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere than in the speaker; as, I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is always a less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by will. “I shall go” implies nearly a simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic “I will go.” In a question, the relation of speaker and source of obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as, “Shall you go?” (answer, “I shall go”); “Shall he go?” i. e., “Do you require or promise his going?” (answer, “He shall go”.) The same relation is transferred to either second or third person in such phrases as “You say, or think, you shall go;” “He says, or thinks, he shall go.” After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express futurity simply; as, if I, you, or he shall say they are right. Should is everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or moral obligation; as, he should do it whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. , v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be omitted. “He to England shall along with you.” Shak.
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☞ Shall and will are often confounded by inaccurate speakers and writers. Say: I shall be glad to see you. Shall I do this? Shall I help you? (not Will I do this?) See .
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Shalli (?), n. See .
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Shallon (?), n. (Bot.) An evergreen shrub (Gaultheria Shallon) of Northwest America; also, its fruit. See .
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Shalloon (?), n. [F. chalon, from Châlons, in France, where it was first made.] A thin, loosely woven, twilled worsted stuff.
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In blue shalloon shall Hannibal be clad. Swift.
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Shallop (?), n. [F. chaloupe, probably from D. sloep. Cf. .] (Naut.) A boat.
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[She] thrust the shallop from the floating strand. Spenser.
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☞ The term shallop is applied to boats of all sizes, from a light canoe up to a large boat with masts and sails.
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Shallot (?), n. [OF. eschalote (for escalone), F. échalote. See , and cf. .] (Bot.) A small kind of onion (Allium Ascalonicum) growing in clusters, and ready for gathering in spring; a scallion, or eschalot.
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Shallow (?), a. [Compar. Shallower (?); superl. Shallowest.] [OE. schalowe, probably originally, sloping or shelving; cf. Icel. skjālgr wry, squinting, AS. sceolh, D. & G. scheel, OHG. schelah. Cf. to slope, shallow.] 1. Not deep; having little depth; shoal. “Shallow brooks, and rivers wide.” Milton.
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2. Not deep in tone. [R.]
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The sound perfecter and not so shallow and jarring. Bacon.
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3. Not intellectually deep; not profound; not penetrating deeply; simple; not wise or knowing; ignorant; superficial; as, a shallow mind; shallow learning.
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The king was neither so shallow, nor so ill advertised, as not to perceive the intention of the French king. Bacon.
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Deep versed in books, and shallow in himself. Milton.
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Shallow, n. 1. A place in a body of water where the water is not deep; a shoal; a flat; a shelf.
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A swift stream is not heard in the channel, but upon shallows of gravel. Bacon.
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Dashed on the shallows of the moving sand. Dryden.
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2. (Zoöl.) The rudd. [Prov. Eng.]
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Shallow, v. t. To make shallow. Sir T. Browne.
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Shallow, v. i. To become shallow, as water.
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Shallow-bodied (?), a. (Naut.) Having a moderate depth of hold; -- said of a vessel.
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Shallow-brained (?), a. Weak in intellect; foolish; empty-headed. South.
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Shallow-hearted (?), a. Incapable of deep feeling. Tennyson.
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Shallowly, adv. In a shallow manner.
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Shallowness, n. Quality or state of being shallow.
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Shallow-pated (?), a. Shallow-brained.
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Shallow-waisted (?), a. (Naut.) Having a flush deck, or with only a moderate depression amidships; -- said of a vessel.
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Shalm (sh�m), n. See . [Obs.] Knolles.
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Shalt (shălt), 2d per. sing. of .
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Shaly (?), a. Resembling shale in structure.
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Sham (shăm), n. [Originally the same word as shame, hence, a disgrace, a trick. See , n.] 1. That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoints; a make-believe; delusion; imposture; humbug. “A mere sham.” Bp. Stillingfleet.
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Believe who will the solemn sham, not I. Addison.
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2. A false front, or removable ornamental covering.
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Coloq. Pillow sham , a covering to be laid on a pillow.
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Sham, a. False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as, a sham fight.
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They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians. Jowett (Thucyd)
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Sham, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Shammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Shamming.] 1. To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
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Fooled and shammed into a conviction. L'Estrange.
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2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. [R.]
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We must have a care that we do not . . . sham fallacies upon the world for current reason. L'Estrange.
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3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.
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Coloq. To sham Abram or Coloq. To sham Abraham , to feign sickness; to malinger. Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors' cant, Sham Abram, or Sham Abraham.
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Sham, v. i. To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
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Wondering . . . whether those who lectured him were such fools as they professed to be, or were only shamming. Macaulay.
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Shama (?), n. [Hind. shāmā.] (Zoöl.) A saxicoline singing bird (Kittacincla macroura) of India, noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In confinement it imitates the notes of other birds and various animals with accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are glossy black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut.
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Shaman (?), n. [From the native name.] A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among the Shamanists.
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