Tamarind - Tangent

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Tamarind (?), n. [It. tamarindo, or Sp. tamarindo, or Pg. tamarindo, tamarinho, from Ar. tamarhindī, literally, Indian date; tamar a dried date + Hind India: cf. F. tamarin. Cf. .] (Bot.) 1. A leguminous tree (Tamarindus Indica) cultivated both the Indies, and the other tropical countries, for the sake of its shade, and for its fruit. The trunk of the tree is lofty and large, with wide-spreading branches; the flowers are in racemes at the ends of the branches. The leaves are small and finely pinnated.
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2. One of the preserved seed pods of the tamarind, which contain an acid pulp, and are used medicinally and for preparing a pleasant drink.
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Coloq. Tamarind fish , a preparation of a variety of East Indian fish with the acid pulp of the tamarind fruit. -- Coloq. Velvet tamarind . (a) A West African leguminous tree (Codarium acutifolium). (b) One of the small black velvety pods, which are used for food in Sierra Leone. -- Coloq. Wild tamarind (Bot.), a name given to certain trees somewhat resembling the tamarind, as the Lysiloma latisiliqua of Southern Florida, and the Pithecolobium filicifolium of the West Indies.
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Tamarisk (?), n. [L. tamariscus, also tamarix, tamarice, Skr. tamāla, tamālaka, a tree with a very dark bark; cf. tamas darkness: cf. F. tamarisc, tamarix, tamaris.] (Bot.) Any shrub or tree of the genus Tamarix, the species of which are European and Asiatic. They have minute scalelike leaves, and small flowers in spikes. An Arabian species (Tamarix mannifera) is the source of one kind of manna.
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Coloq. Tamarisk salt tree , an East Indian tree (Tamarix orientalis) which produces an incrustation of salt.
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Tambac (?), n. (Metal.) See . [Obs.]
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Tambour (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A kind of small flat drum; a tambourine.
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2. A small frame, commonly circular, and somewhat resembling a tambourine, used for stretching, and firmly holding, a portion of cloth that is to be embroidered; also, the embroidery done upon such a frame; -- called also, in the latter sense, tambour work.
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3. (Arch.) Same as , n., 2(d).
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4. (Fort.) A work usually in the form of a redan, to inclose a space before a door or staircase, or at the gorge of a larger work. It is arranged like a stockade.
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5. (Physiol.) A shallow metallic cup or drum, with a thin elastic membrane supporting a writing lever. Two or more of these are connected by an India rubber tube, and used to transmit and register the movements of the pulse or of any pulsating artery.
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Tambour, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamboured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tambouring.] To embroider on a tambour.
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Tamboura (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A stringed musical instrument resembling a lute but lacking frets, with a small round body and a long neck, used to produce an accompaniment for singing; -- called also tambur, tambour, and tampur. [Also spelled tambura.]
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Tambourin (?), n. [F. See .] 1. A tambourine. [Obs.]
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2. (Mus.) An old Provençal dance of a lively character, common on the stage.
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Tambourine (?), n. [F. tambourin; cf. It. tamburino. See , and cf. .] A small drum, especially a shallow drum with only one skin, played on with the hand, and having bells at the sides; a timbrel.
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Tambourine (?), n. A South American wild dove (Tympanistria tympanistria), mostly white, with black-tiped wings and tail. Its resonant note is said to be ventriloquous.
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Tambreet (?), n. (Zoöl.) The duck mole.
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Tamburin (?), n. See . Spenser.
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Tame (?), v. t. [Cf. F. entamer to cut into, to broach.] To broach or enter upon; to taste, as a liquor; to divide; to distribute; to deal out. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
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In the time of famine he is the Joseph of the country, and keeps the poor from starving. Then he tameth his stacks of corn, which not his covetousness, but providence, hath reserved for time of need. Fuller.
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Tame, a. [Compar. Tamer (?); superl. Tamest.] [AS. tam; akin to D. tam, G. zahm, OHG. zam, Dan. & Sw. tam, Icel. tamr, L. domare to tame, Gr. �, Skr. dam to be tame, to tame, and perhaps to E. beteem. √61. Cf. , , , , .] 1. Reduced from a state of native wildness and shyness; accustomed to man; domesticated; domestic; as, a tame deer, a tame bird.
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2. Crushed; subdued; depressed; spiritless.
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Tame slaves of the laborious plow. Roscommon.
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3. Deficient in spirit or animation; spiritless; dull; flat; insipid; as, a tame poem; tame scenery.
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Syn. -- Gentle; mild; meek. See .
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Tame, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Taming.] [AS. tamian, temian, akin to D. tammen, temmen, G. zähmen, OHG. zemmen, Icel. temja, Goth. gatamjan. See , a.] 1. To reduce from a wild to a domestic state; to make gentle and familiar; to reclaim; to domesticate; as, to tame a wild beast.
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They had not been tamed into submission, but baited into savegeness and stubbornness. Macaulay.
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2. To subdue; to conquer; to repress; as, to tame the pride or passions of youth.
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Tameable (?), a. Tamable. Bp. Wilkins.
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Tameless, a. Incapable of being tamed; wild; untamed; untamable. Bp. Hall. -- Tamelessness, n.
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Tamely, adv. In a tame manner.
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Tameness, n. The quality or state of being tame.
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Tamer (?), n. One who tames or subdues.
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Tamerlane (tămẽrlān), prop. n. A Tatar conquerer, also called Timur or Timour (tēmôr) or Timur Bey, also Timur-Leng ('Timur the Lame'), which was corrupted to Tamerlane. He was born in Central Asia, 1333: died 1405. Though he claimed descent from Jenghiz Khan, it is believed that he was in fact descended from a follower of the Khan. He became a ruler about 1370 of a realm whose capital was Samarkand; conquered Persia, Central Asia, and in 1398 a great part of India, including Delhi; waged war with the Turkish Sultan Bajazet I. (Beyazid), whom he defeated at Ancyra in 1402 and took prisoner; and died while preparing to invade China. He is the Tamerlaine of the plays.
[Century Dict. 1906]

Just at the moment when the Sultan (Bajazet) seemed to have attained the pinnacle of his ambition, when his authority was unquestioningly obeyed over the greater part of the Byzantine Empire in Europe and Asia, when the Christian states were regarding him with terror as the scourge of the world, another and greater scourge came to quell him, and at one stroke all the vast fabric of empire which Bāyezīd had so triumphantly erected was shattered to the ground. This terrible conquerer was Timūr the Tatar, or as we call him, “Tamerlane”. Timūr was of Turkish race, and was born near Samarkand in 1333. He was consequently an old man of 70 when he came to encounter Bāyezīd in 1402. It had taken him many years to establish his authority over a portion of the numerous divisions into which the immense empire of Chingiz Khan had fallen after the death of that stupendous conqueror. Timūr was but a petty chief among many others: but at last he won his way and became ruler of Samarkand and the whole province of Transoxiana, or 'Beyond the River' (Mā-warā-n-nahr) as the Arabs called the country north of the Oxus. Once fairly established in this province, Timūr began to overrun the surrounding lands, and during thirty years his ruthless armies spread over the provinces of Asia, from Dehli to Damascus, and from the Sea of Aral to the Persian Gulf. The subdivision of the Moslem Empire into numerous petty kingdoms rendered it powerless to meet the overwhelming hordes which Timūr brought down from Central Asia. One and all, the kings and princes of Persia and Syria succumbed, and Timūr carried his banners triumphantly as far as the frontier of Egypt, where the brave Mamluk Sultans still dared to defy him. He had so far left Bāyezīd unmolested; partly because he was too powerful to be rashly provoked, and partly because Timūr respected the Sultan's valorous deeds against the Christians: for Timūr, though a wholesale butcher, was very conscientious in matters of religion, and held that Bāyezīd's fighting for the Faith rightly covered a multitude of sins. Poole, Story of Turkey, p. 63
[Century Dict. 1906]

Timour (tīm�r), Timur, or TAMERLANE, was the second of the great conquerers whom central Asia sent forth in the middle ages, and was born at Kesh, about 40 miles southeast of Samarkand, April 9, 1336. His father was a Turkish chieftain and his mother claimed descent from the great Genghis-Khan. When he became tribal chieftain, Timour helped the Amir Hussein to drive out the Kalmucks. Turkestan was thereupon divided between them, but soon war broke out between the two chiefs, and the death of Hussein in battle made Timour master of all Turkestan. He now began his career of conquest, overcoming the Getes, Khiva and Khorassin, after storming Herat. His ever-widening circle of possessions soon embraced Persia, Mesopotamia, Georgia, and the Mongol state, Kiptchak. He threatened Moscow, burned Azoo, captured Delhi, overran Syria, and stormed Bagdad, which had revolted. At last, July 20,1402, Timour met the Sultan Bajazet of the Ottoman Turks, on the plains of Angora, captured him and routed his army, thus becoming master of the Turkish empire. He took but a short rest at his capital, Samarkand, and in his eagerness to conquer China, led his army of 200,000 across the Jaxartes on the ice, and pushed rapidly on for 300 miles, when his death, Feb. 18, 1405, saved the independence of China. Though notorious for his acts of cruelty -- he may have slaughtered 80,000 in Delhi -- he was a patron of the arts. In his reign of 35 years, this chief of a small tribe, dependent on the Kalmucks, became the ruler of the vast territory stretching from Moscow to the Ganges. A number of writings said to have been written by Timour have been preserved in Persian, one of which, the Institutions, has been translated into English. The Student's Cyclopedia, 1897.
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Tamias (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. � a distributer.] (Zoöl.) A genus of ground squirrels, including the chipmunk.
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Tamil (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Tamils, or to their language. [Written also Tamul.]
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Tamil, n. [Written also Tamul.] 1. (Ethnol.) One of a Dravidian race of men native of Northern Ceylon and Southern India.
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2. The Tamil language, the most important of the Dravidian languages. See , a.
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Tamilian (?), a. & n. Tamil.
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{ Tamine (?), Taminy (?), } n. [Cf. F. tamis a sort of sieve. Cf. , .] A kind of woolen cloth; tammy.
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Tamis (?), n. [F., a kind of sieve.] 1. A sieve, or strainer, made of a kind of woolen cloth.
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2. The cloth itself; tammy.
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Coloq. Tamis bird (Zoöl.), a Guinea fowl.
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Tamkin (?), n. A tampion. Johnson (Dict.).
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Tammy (?), n.; pl. Tammies (�). 1. A kind of woolen, or woolen and cotton, cloth, often highly glazed, -- used for curtains, sieves, strainers, etc.
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2. A sieve, or strainer, made of this material; a tamis.
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Tam-o'-shanter (?), n. [So named after Tam o'Shanter, a character in Burns's poem of the same name.] A kind of Scotch cap of wool, worsted, or the like, having a round, flattish top much wider than the band which fits the head, and usually having a tassel in the center.
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Tamoxifen (tămŏksĭfĕn), n. a chemical compound (C26H29NO) which is non-steroidal but physiogically active as an estrogen antagonist. It is used to treat postmenopausal breast cancer. Chemically it is 1-p-dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenyl-but-1-ene. It can be obtained as a white crystalline powder. [MI11]
Syn. -- Kessar; Noltam; Nolvadex; Tamofen; Tamoxasta; Terimon; Xynoplex. [PJC]

Tamp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tamped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tamping.] [Cf. F. tamponner to plug or stop. See .] 1. In blasting, to plug up with clay, earth, dry sand, sod, or other material, as a hole bored in a rock, in order to prevent the force of the explosion from being misdirected.
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2. To drive in or down by frequent gentle strokes; as, to tamp earth so as to make a smooth place.
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Tampan (?), n. (Zoöl.) A venomous South African tick. Livingstone.
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Tampeon (?), n. See . Farrow.
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Tamper (?), n. 1. One who tamps; specifically, one who prepares for blasting, by filling the hole in which the charge is placed.
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2. An instrument used in tamping; a tamping iron.
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Tamper (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Tampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tampering.] [A corruption of temper.] 1. To meddle; to be busy; to try little experiments; as, to tamper with a disease.
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'T is dangerous tampering with a muse. Roscommon.
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2. To meddle so as to alter, injure, or vitiate a thing.
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3. To deal unfairly; to practice secretly; to use bribery.
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Others tampered
For Fleetwood, Desborough, and Lambert. Hudibras.
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Tamperer (?), n. One who tampers; one who deals unfairly.
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{ Tampico fiber or Tampico fibre (?) }. A tough vegetable fiber used as a substitute for bristles in making brushes. The piassava and the ixtle are both used under this name.
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Tamping (?), n. 1. The act of one who tamps; specifically, the act of filling up a hole in a rock, or the branch of a mine, for the purpose of blasting the rock or exploding the mine.
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2. The material used in tamping. See , v. t., 1.
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Coloq. Tamping iron , an iron rod for beating down the earthy substance in tamping for blasting.
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Tampion (?), n. [F. tampon, tapon, tape, of Dutch or German origin. See a pipe or plug, and cf. , , .] [Written also tampeon, and tompion.] 1. A wooden stopper, or plug, as for a cannon or other piece of ordnance, when not in use.
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2. (Mus.) A plug for upper end of an organ pipe.
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Tampoe (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of an East Indian tree (Baccaurea Malayana) of the Spurge family. It somewhat resembles an apple.
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Tampon (?), n. [F. See .] (Surg.) A plug introduced into a natural or artificial cavity of the body in order to arrest hemorrhage, absorb secretions (as from menstruation), or for the application of medicine.
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Tampon, v. t. (Surg.) To plug with a tampon.
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Tampoon (?), n. [See .] The stopper of a barrel; a bung.
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Tam-tam (?), n. [Hind.; of imitative origin.] (Mus.) (a) A kind of drum used in the East Indies and other Oriental countries; -- called also tom-tom. (b) A gong. See , n., 1.
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Tamul (?), a. & n. Tamil.
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Tamworth (?), n. [From Tamworth, Staffordshire, England.] One of a long-established English breed of large pigs. They are red, often spotted with black, with a long snout and erect or forwardly pointed ears, and are valued as bacon producers.
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Tan (?), n. [Chin.] See .
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Tan, n. [F. tan, perhaps fr. Armor. tann an oak, oak bar; or of Teutonic origin; cf. G. tanne a fir, OHG. tanna a fir, oak, MHG. tan a forest. Cf. .] 1. The bark of the oak, and some other trees, bruised and broken by a mill, for tanning hides; -- so called both before and after it has been used. Called also tan bark.
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2. A yellowish-brown color, like that of tan.
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3. A brown color imparted to the skin by exposure to the sun; as, hands covered with tan.
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Coloq. Tan bed (Hort.), a bed made of tan; a bark bed. -- Coloq. Tan pickle , the liquor used in tanning leather. -- Coloq. Tan spud , a spud used in stripping bark for tan from trees. -- Coloq. Tan stove . See Bark stove, under . -- Coloq. Tan vat , a vat in which hides are steeped in liquor with tan.
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Tan, a. Of the color of tan; yellowish-brown.
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Coloq. Black and tan . See under , a.
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Tan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanning.] [F. tanner, LL. tannare. See , n.] 1. To convert (the skin of an animal) into leather, as by usual process of steeping it in an infusion of oak or some other bark, whereby it is impregnated with tannin, or tannic acid (which exists in several species of bark), and is thus rendered firm, durable, and in some degree impervious to water.
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☞ The essential result in tanning is due to the fact that the tannins form, with gelatins and albuminoids, a series of insoluble compounds which constitute leather. Similar results may be produced by the use of other reagents in place of tannin, as alum, and some acids or chlorides, which are employed in certain processes of tanning.
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2. To make brown; to imbrown, as by exposure to the rays of the sun; as, to tan the skin.
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3. To thrash or beat; to flog; to switch; as, to tan a disobedient child's hide. [Colloq.]
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Tan (?), v. i. To get or become tanned.
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Tana (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as .
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Tanager (?), n. [NL. tanagra, probably fr. Brazilian tangara.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored singing birds belonging to Tanagra, Piranga, and allied genera. The scarlet tanager (Piranga erythromelas) and the summer redbird (Piranga rubra) are common species of the United States.
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Tanagrine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the tanagers.
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Tanagroid (?), a. [Tanager + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Tanagrine.
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Tanak, Tanakh (?), n. [From the initial (Hebrew) letters of Torah, Nevi'im, and Kethubim.] a term used among Jews for the Hebrew Bible; the Old Testament. [Also spelled Tanach.] Although Christians use the term “Old Testament”, this term implies the superseding force of the “New Testament”, not recognized as revelation by the Jewish faith.
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The Hebrew Bible is divided into three parts: (1) The , “Law,” or Pentateuch. (2) The Prophets . . . (3) The Kethubim, or the “Writings,” generally termed . C. H. H. Wright.
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Tanate (?), n. (Zoöl.) An Asiatic wild dog (Canis procyonoides), native of Japan and adjacent countries. It has a short, bushy tail. Called also raccoon dog.
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Tandem (?), adv. & a. [L. tandem at length (of time only), punningly taken as meaning, lengthwise.] One after another; -- said especially of horses harnessed and driven one before another, instead of abreast.
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Tandem, n. 1. A team of horses harnessed one before the other. “He drove tandems.” Thackeray.
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2. A tandem bicycle or other vehicle.
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Coloq. Tandem bicycle or Coloq. Tandem tricycle , one for two persons in which one rider sits before the other.
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Tandem cart. A kind of two-wheeled vehicle with seats back to back, the front one somewhat elevated.
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Tandem engine. A steam engine having two or more steam cylinders in line, with a common piston rod.
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Tandem system. (Elec.) same as .
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Tang (tăng), n. [Of Scand. origin; cf. Dan. tang seaweed, Sw. tång, Icel. þang. Cf. .] (Bot.) A coarse blackish seaweed (Fuscus nodosus). Dr. Prior.
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Coloq. Tang sparrow (Zoöl.), the rock pipit. [Prov. Eng.]
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Tang, n. [Probably fr. OD. tanger sharp, tart, literally, pinching; akin to E. tongs. √59. See .] 1. A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself; as, wine or cider has a tang of the cask.
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2. Fig.: A sharp, specific flavor or tinge. Cf. a twang.
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Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny. Fuller.
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A cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics. Jeffrey.
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3. [Probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. tangi a projecting point; akin to E. tongs. See .] A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part; anything resembling a tongue in form or position. Specifically: --
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(a) The part of a knife, fork, file, or other small instrument, which is inserted into the handle.
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(b) The projecting part of the breech of a musket barrel, by which the barrel is secured to the stock.
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(c) The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened.
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(d) The tongue of a buckle. [Prov. Eng.]
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Tang, n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. . This word has become confused with tang tatse, flavor.] A sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.
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Tang (täng), n. [Chin. Tang.] A dynasty in Chinese history, from a. d. 618 to 905, distinguished by the founding of the Imperial Academy (the Hanlin), by the invention of printing, and as marking a golden age of literature.
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Tang, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tanged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tanging.] To cause to ring or sound loudly; to ring.
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Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.
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Coloq. To tang bees , to cause a swarm of bees to settle, by beating metal to make a din.
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Tang, v. i. To make a ringing sound; to ring.
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Let thy tongue tang arguments of state. Shak.
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Tangalung (?), n. (Zoöl.) An East Indian civet (Viverra tangalunga).
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Tangelo (tănj�lō), n. [Tangerine + pomelo.] A hybrid between the tangerine orange and the grapefruit, or pomelo; also, the fruit.
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Tangence (?), n. Tangency. [R.]
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Tangency (?), n. The quality or state of being tangent; a contact or touching.
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Tangent (?), n. [L. tangens, -entis, p. pr. of tangere to touch; akin to Gr. � having seized: cf. F. tangente. Cf. , , , , , , , v. t.] (Geom.) A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See Trigonometrical function, under .
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Coloq. Artificial tangent , or Coloq. Logarithmic tangent , the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc. -- Coloq. Natural tangent , a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity. -- Coloq. Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current. -- Coloq. Tangent of an angle , the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle. -- Coloq. Tangent of an arc , a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o.
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Tangent, a. [L. tangens, -entis, p. pr.] Touching; touching at a single point; specifically (Geom.) meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
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Coloq. Tangent plane (Geom.), a plane which touches a surface in a point or line. -- Coloq. Tangent scale (Gun.), a kind of breech sight for a cannon. -- Coloq. Tangent screw (Mach.), an endless screw; a worm.
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