Tellural - Temperature

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Tellural (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. [R.]
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Tellurate (?), n. [Cf. F. tellurate. See .] (Chem.) A salt of telluric acid.
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Telluret (?), n. (Chem.) A telluride. [Obsoles.]
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Tellureted (?), n. (Chem.) Combined or impregnated with tellurium; tellurized. [Written also telluretted.] [Obsoles.]
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Coloq. Tellureted hydrogen (Chem.), hydrogen telluride, H2Te, a gaseous substance analogous to hydrogen sulphide; -- called also tellurhydric acid.
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Tellurhydric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, hydrogen telluride, which is regarded as an acid, especially when in solution.
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Tellurian (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] Of or pertaining to the earth. De Quincey.
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Tellurian, n. 1. A dweller on the earth. De Quincey.
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2. An instrument for showing the operation of the causes which produce the succession of day and night, and the changes of the seasons. [Written also tellurion.]
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Telluric (?), a. [L. tellus, -uris, the earth: cf. F. tellurique.] 1. Of or pertaining to the earth; proceeding from the earth.
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Amid these hot, telluric flames. Carlyle.
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2. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or resembling, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a higher valence as contrasted with tellurous compounds; as, telluric acid, which is analogous to sulphuric acid.
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Coloq. Telluric bismuth (Min.), tetradymite. -- Coloq. Telluric silver (Min.), hessite.
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Telluride (?), n. (Chem.) A compound of tellurium with a more positive element or radical; -- formerly called telluret.
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Tellurism (?), n. An hypothesis of animal magnetism propounded by Dr. Keiser, in Germany, in which the phenomena are ascribed to the agency of a telluric spirit or influence. [R.] S. Thompson.
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Tellurite (?), n. 1. (Chem.) A salt of tellurous acid.
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2. (Min.) Oxide of tellurium. It occurs sparingly in tufts of white or yellowish crystals.
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Tellurium (?), n. [NL., from L. tellus, -uris, the earth.] (Chem.) A rare nonmetallic element, analogous to sulphur and selenium, occasionally found native as a substance of a silver-white metallic luster, but usually combined with metals, as with gold and silver in the mineral sylvanite, with mercury in Coloradoite, etc. Symbol Te. Atomic weight 125.2.
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Coloq. Graphic tellurium . (Min.) See . -- Coloq. Tellurium glance (Min.), nagyagite; -- called also black tellurium.
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Tellurize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To impregnate with, or to subject to the action of, tellurium; -- chiefly used adjectively in the past participle; as, tellurized ores.
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Tellurous (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tellurium; derived from, or containing, tellurium; specifically, designating those compounds in which the element has a lower valence as contrasted with telluric compounds; as, tellurous acid, which is analogous to sulphurous acid.
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Telodynamic (?), a. [Gr. � far + E. dynamic.] Relating to a system for transmitting power to a distance by means of swiftly moving ropes or cables driving grooved pulleys of large diameter.
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Teloogoo (?), n. See . D. O. Allen.
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Telotrocha (?), n.; pl. Telotrochæ (#). [NL. See .] (Zoöl.) An annelid larva having telotrochal bands of cilia.
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{ Telotrochal (?), Telotrochous (?), } a. [Gr. � complete + � wheel, hoop.] (Zoöl.) Having both a preoral and a posterior band of cilla; -- applied to the larvæ of certain annelids.
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Telotype (?), n. [Gr. � far off + -type.] An electric telegraph which prints the messages in letters and not in signs.
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Telpher (?), n. [Gr. � far, far off + ferein to bear.] 1. (Elec.) A contrivance for the conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin.
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2. (Elec.) Specif., the equipment or apparatus used in a system of electric transportation by means of carriages which are suspended on an overhead conductor, as of wire.
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Coloq. Telpher line , or Coloq. Telpher road , an electric line or road over which vehicles for carrying loads are moved by electric engines actuated by a current conveyed by the line.
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Telpherage (?), n. 1. The conveyance of vehicles or loads by means of electricity. Fleeming Jenkin.
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2. (Elec.) Specif., electric transportation of goods by means of carriages suspended on overhead conductors, as of wire, the power being conveyed to the motor carriage by the wires on which it runs. Telpherage and telpher are sometimes applied to such systems in which the motive power is not electricity.
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Telson (?), n.; pl. Telsons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. � a boundary, limit.] (Zoöl.) The terminal joint or movable piece at the end of the abdomen of Crustacea and other articulates. See .
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Telugu (?), n. 1. A Darvidian language spoken in the northern parts of the Madras presidency. In extent of use it is the next language after Hindustani (in its various forms) and Bengali. [Spelt also Teloogoo.]
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2. One of the people speaking the Telugu language.
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Telugu, a. Of or pertaining to the Telugu language, or the Telugus.
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Temblor (?), n. [Sp.] An earthquake. [Western U. S.]
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Temerarious (?), a. [L. temerarius. See .] Unreasonably adventurous; despising danger; rash; headstrong; audacious; reckless; heedless. -- Temerariously, adv.
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I spake against temerarious judgment. Latimer.
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Temeration (?), n. [L. temerare to defile.] Temerity. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
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Temerity (?), n. [L. temeritas, from temere by chance, rashly; perhaps akin to Skr. tamas darkness: cf. F. témérité.] Unreasonable contempt of danger; extreme venturesomeness; rashness; as, the temerity of a commander in war.
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Syn. -- Rashness; precipitancy; heedlessness; venturesomeness. -- , . These words are closely allied in sense, but have a slight difference in their use and application. Temerity is Latin, and rashness is Anglo-Saxon. As in many such cases, the Latin term is more select and dignified; the Anglo-Saxon more familiar and energetic. We show temerity in hasty decisions, and the conduct to which they lead. We show rashness in particular actions, as dictated by sudden impulse. It is an exhibition of temerity to approach the verge of a precipice; it is an act of rashness to jump into a river without being able to swim. Temerity, then, is an unreasonable contempt of danger; rashness is a rushing into danger from thoughtlessness or excited feeling.
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It is notorious temerity to pass sentence upon grounds uncapable of evidence. Barrow.
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Her rush hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat. Milton.
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Temerous (?), a. Temerarious. [Obs.]
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Tempean (?), a. Of or pertaining to Temple, a valley in Thessaly, celebrated by Greek poets on account of its beautiful scenery; resembling Temple; hence, beautiful; delightful; charming.
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Temper (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tempered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tempering.] [AS. temprian or OF. temper, F. tempérer, and (in sense 3) temper, L. temperare, akin to tempus time. Cf. , , .] 1. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage; to soothe; to calm.
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Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated a milder system. Bancroft.
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Woman! lovely woman! nature made thee
To temper man: we had been brutes without you. Otway.
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But thy fire
Shall be more tempered, and thy hope far higher. Byron.
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She [the Goddess of Justice] threw darkness and clouds about her, that tempered the light into a thousand beautiful shades and colors. Addison.
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2. To fit together; to adjust; to accomodate.
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Thy sustenance . . . serving to the appetite of the eater, tempered itself to every man's liking. Wisdom xvi. 21.
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3. (Metal.) To bring to a proper degree of hardness; as, to temper iron or steel.
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The tempered metals clash, and yield a silver sound. Dryden.
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4. To govern; to manage. [A Latinism & Obs.]
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With which the damned ghosts he governeth,
And furies rules, and Tartare tempereth. Spenser.
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5. To moisten to a proper consistency and stir thoroughly, as clay for making brick, loam for molding, etc.
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6. (Mus.) To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use.
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Syn. -- To soften; mollify; assuage; soothe; calm.
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Temper, n. 1. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities; just combination; as, the temper of mortar.
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2. Constitution of body; temperament; in old writers, the mixture or relative proportion of the four humors, blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy.
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The exquisiteness of his [Christ's] bodily temper increased the exquisiteness of his torment. Fuller.
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3. Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper.
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Remember with what mild
And gracious temper he both heared and judged. Milton.
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The consequents of a certain ethical temper. J. H. Newman.
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4. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure; as, to keep one's temper.
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To fall with dignity, with temper rise. Pope.
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Restore yourselves to your tempers, fathers. B. Jonson.
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5. Heat of mind or passion; irritation; proneness to anger; -- in a reproachful sense. [Colloq.]
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6. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling; as, the temper of iron or steel.
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7. Middle state or course; mean; medium. [R.]
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The perfect lawgiver is a just temper between the mere man of theory, who can see nothing but general principles, and the mere man of business, who can see nothing but particular circumstances. Macaulay.
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8. (Sugar Works) Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.
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Coloq. Temper screw , in deep well boring, an adjusting screw connecting the working beam with the rope carrying the tools, for lowering the tools as the drilling progresses.
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Syn. -- Disposition; temperament; frame; humor; mood. See .
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Temper, v. i. 1. To accord; to agree; to act and think in conformity. [Obs.] Shak.
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2. To have or get a proper or desired state or quality; to grow soft and pliable.
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I have him already tempering between my finger and my thumb, and shortly will I seal with him. Shak.
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Tempera (?), n. [It.] (Paint.) A mode or process of painting; distemper.
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☞ The term is applied especially to early Italian painting, common vehicles of which were yolk of egg, yolk and white of egg mixed together, the white juice of the fig tree, and the like.
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Temperable (?), a. Capable of being tempered.
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The fusible, hard, and temperable texture of metals. Emerson.
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Temperament (?), n. [L. temperamentum a mixing in due proportion, proper measure, temperament: cf. F. tempérament. See , v. t.] 1. Internal constitution; state with respect to the relative proportion of different qualities, or constituent parts.
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The common law . . . has reduced the kingdom to its just state and temperament. Sir M. Hale.
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2. Due mixture of qualities; a condition brought about by mutual compromises or concessions. [Obs.]
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However, I forejudge not any probable expedient, any temperament that can be found in things of this nature, so disputable on their side. Milton.
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3. The act of tempering or modifying; adjustment, as of clashing rules, interests, passions, or the like; also, the means by which such adjustment is effected.
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Wholesome temperaments of the rashness of popular assemblies. Sir J. Mackintosh.
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4. Condition with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.]
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Bodies are denominated “hot” and “cold” in proportion to the present temperament of that part of our body to which they are applied. Locke.
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5. (Mus.) A system of compromises in the tuning of organs, pianofortes, and the like, whereby the tones generated with the vibrations of a ground tone are mutually modified and in part canceled, until their number reduced to the actual practicable scale of twelve tones to the octave. This scale, although in so far artificial, is yet closely suggestive of its origin in nature, and this system of tuning, although not mathematically true, yet satisfies the ear, while it has the convenience that the same twelve fixed tones answer for every key or scale, C♯ becoming identical with D♭, and so on.
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6. (Physiol.) The peculiar physical and mental character of an individual, in olden times erroneously supposed to be due to individual variation in the relations and proportions of the constituent parts of the body, especially of the fluids, as the bile, blood, lymph, etc. Hence the phrases, bilious or choleric temperament, sanguine temperament, etc., implying a predominance of one of these fluids and a corresponding influence on the temperament.
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Coloq. Equal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations from mathematically true pitch are distributed among all the keys alike. -- Coloq. Unequal temperament (Mus.), that in which the variations are thrown into the keys least used.
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Temperamental (?), a. Of or pertaining to temperament; constitutional. [R.] Sir T. Browne.
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Temperance (?), n. [L. temperantia: cf. F. tempérance. See , v. t.] 1. Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence; moderation; as, temperance in eating and drinking; temperance in the indulgence of joy or mirth; specifically, moderation, and sometimes abstinence, in respect to using intoxicating liquors.
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2. Moderation of passion; patience; calmness; sedateness. [R.] “A gentleman of all temperance.” Shak.
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He calmed his wrath with goodly temperance. Spenser.
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3. State with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.] “Tender and delicate temperance.” Shak.
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Coloq. Temperance society , an association formed for the purpose of diminishing or stopping the use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage.
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Temperancy (?), n. Temperance.
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Temperate (?), a. [L. temperatus, p. p. of temperare. See , v. t.] 1. Moderate; not excessive; as, temperate heat; a temperate climate.
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2. Not marked with passion; not violent; cool; calm; as, temperate language.
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She is not hot, but temperate as the morn. Shak.
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That sober freedom out of which there springs
Our loyal passion for our temperate kings. Tennyson.
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3. Moderate in the indulgence of the natural appetites or passions; as, temperate in eating and drinking.
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Be sober and temperate, and you will be healthy. Franklin.
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4. Proceeding from temperance. [R.]
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The temperate sleeps, and spirits light as air. Pope.
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Coloq. Temperate zone (Geog.), that part of the earth which lies between either tropic and the corresponding polar circle; -- so called because the heat is less than in the torrid zone, and the cold less than in the frigid zones.
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Syn. -- Abstemious; sober; calm; cool; sedate.
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Temperate (?), v. t. To render temperate; to moderate; to soften; to temper. [Obs.]
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It inflames temperance, and temperates wrath. Marston.
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Temperately (?), adv. In a temperate manner.
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Temperateness, n. The quality or state of being temperate; moderateness; temperance.
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Temperative (?), a. [Cf. L. temperativus soothing.] Having power to temper. [R.] T. Granger.
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Temperature (?), n. [F. température, L. temperatura due measure, proportion, temper, temperament.] 1. Constitution; state; degree of any quality.
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The best composition and temperature is, to have openness in fame and opinion, secrecy in habit, dissimulation in seasonable use, and a power to feign, if there be no remedy. Bacon.
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Memory depends upon the consistence and the temperature of the brain. I. Watts.
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2. Freedom from passion; moderation. [Obs.]
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In that proud port, which her so goodly graceth,
Most goodly temperature you may descry. Spenser.
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3. (Physics) Condition with respect to heat or cold, especially as indicated by the sensation produced, or by the thermometer or pyrometer; degree of heat or cold; as, the temperature of the air; high temperature; low temperature; temperature of freezing or of boiling. The temperature of a liquid or a solid body as measured by a thermometer is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the consituent atoms or molecules of the body. For other states of matter such as plasma, electromagnetic radiation, or subatomic particles, an analogous measure of the average kinetic energy may be expressed as a temperature, although it could never be measured by a traditional thermometer, let alone by sensing with the skin.
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4. Mixture; compound. [Obs.]
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Made a temperature of brass and iron together. Holland.
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5. (Physiol. & Med.) The degree of heat of the body of a living being, esp. of the human body; also (Colloq.), loosely, the excess of this over the normal (of the human body 98°-99.5° F., in the mouth of an adult about 98.4°).
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Coloq. Absolute temperature . (Physics) See under . -- Coloq. Animal temperature (Physiol.), the nearly constant temperature maintained in the bodies of warm-blooded (homoiothermal) animals during life. The ultimate source of the heat is to be found in the potential energy of the food and the oxygen which is absorbed from the air during respiration. See . -- Coloq. Temperature sense (Physiol.), the faculty of perceiving cold and warmth, and so of perceiving differences of temperature in external objects. H. N. Martin.
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