Toman - Tongue

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Toman (?), n. [Per. tōmān; from a Mongol word signifying, ten thousand.] A money of account in Persia, whose value varies greatly at different times and places. Its average value may be reckoned at about two and a half dollars.
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Tom and Jerry. A hot sweetened drink of rum and water spiced with cinnamon, cloves, etc., and beaten up with eggs.
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Tomato (?), n.; pl. Tomatoes (#). [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.) The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family (Lycopersicum esculentun); also, the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked.
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Coloq. Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly (Lasioptera vitis). -- Coloq. Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of . -- Coloq. Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth (Manduca quinquemaculata, Protoparce quinquemaculata, Sphinx quinquemaculata, or Macrosila quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also tomato hornworm and potato worm, and in the Southern U. S. tobacco fly.
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Tomb (?), n. [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. � a tomb, grave; perhaps akin to L. tumulus a mound. Cf. .] 1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher.
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As one dead in the bottom of a tomb. Shak.
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2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. “In tomb of marble stones.” Chaucer.
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3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead.
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Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb. Shak.
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Coloq. Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species (Taphozous perforatus).
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Tomb,, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Tombed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb.
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I tombed my brother that I might be blessed. Chapman.
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Tombac (?), n. [Pg. tambaca,tambaque, fr. Malay tambāga copper; cf. Skr. tāmraka; cf. F. tombac.] (Metal.) An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling brass, and containing about 84 per cent of copper; -- called also German brass or Dutch brass. It is very malleable and ductile, and when beaten into thin leaves is sometimes called Dutch metal. The addition of arsenic makes white tombac. [Written also tombak, and tambac.]
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Tombester (?), n. [See , and .] A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Tombless (?), a. Destitute of a tomb.
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Tomboy (?), n. [Tom (for Thomas, L. Thomas, fr. Gr. � )+ boy.] A romping girl; a hoiden. [Colloq.] J. Fletcher.
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Tombstone (?), n. A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.
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Tomcat (?), n. [Tom (see ) + cat.] A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.
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Tomcod (?), n. [Tom (see ) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small edible American fish (Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; -- called also frostfish. See Illust. under . (b) The kingfish. See (a). (c) The jack. See 2d , 8. (c).
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Tome (?), n. [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. � a piece cut off, a part of a book, a volume, akin to � to cup, and perhaps to L. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. , , , . ] As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; -- usually applied to a ponderous volume.
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Tomes of fable and of dream. Cowper.
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A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists. Macaulay.
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Tomelet (?), n. All small tome, or volume. [R.]
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Tomentose (?), a. [L. tomentum a stuffing of wool, hair, or feathers: cf. F. tomenteux.] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Covered with matted woolly hairs; as, a tomentose leaf; a tomentose leaf; a tomentose membrane.
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Tomentous (?), a. Tomentose.
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Tomentum (?), n.; pl. Tomenta (#). [L. See . ] (Bot.) The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants.
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Tomfool (tŏmf�l), n. [Tom (see ) + fool.] A great fool; a trifler.
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Tomfoolery (?), n. Folly; trifling.
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Tomium (tōmĭŭm), n.; pl. Tomia (tōmĭȧ) [NL., fr. Gr. temnein to cut.] (Zoöl.) The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.
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Tomjohn (?), n. [Probably of East Indian origin.] A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders.
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Tommy (?), n. 1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.]
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2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.]
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☞ Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy-store,tommy-shop,etc.
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3. Same as ; -- a shortened form. [Colloq.]
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Tommy Atkins (?), prop. n. Any white regular soldier of the British army; also, such soldiers collectively; -- said to be fictitious name inserted in the models given to soldiers to guide them in filling out account blanks, etc.
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Tomnoddy (?), n. [Tom (see ) + noddy.] 1. (Zoöl.) A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]
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2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.
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Tom o' Bedlam (?). Formerly, a wandering mendicant discharged as incurable from Bethlehem Hospital, England; hence, a wandering mendicant, either mad or feigning to be so; a madman; a bedlamite.
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Tomopteris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. tomos a cut + pteron wing (but taken to mean, fin).] (Zoöl.) A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa.
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Tomorn (?), adv. [Prep. to + morn.] To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Tomorrow (?), adv. [Prep. to + morrow.] On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow.
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Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.
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Tomorrow (?), n. The day after the present; the morrow.“To-morrow is our wedding day.” Cowper.
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One today is worth two to-morrows. Franklin.
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Tompion (?), n. [See ] 1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See .
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2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight.
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3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.
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Tompon (?), n. [F. tampon. See .] An inking pad used in lithographic printing.
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Tomrig (?), n. [Tom (see ) + rig.)] A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.
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Tomtate (?), n. A Florida and West Indian grunt (Bathystoma rimator or Hæmulon rimator); also, any of various allied species.
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Tomtit (?), n. [Tom (see ) + tit the bird.] (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, especially the blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov. Eng.]
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Tom-tom (tŏmtŏm), n. See .
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Ton (tŏn), obs. pl. of . Chaucer.
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Ton (tŭn), n. [Cf. .] (Zoöl.) The common tunny, or horse mackerel.
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Ton (tôn), n. [F. See .] The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton. Byron.
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If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray.
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Coloq. Bon ton . See in the Vocabulary.
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Ton (tŭn), n. [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, . tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. , .] (Com.) A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: --
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(a) The weight of twenty hundredweight.
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☞ In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton.
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(b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under .
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(c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc.
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☞ Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See .
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Tonality (?), n. [Cf. F. tonalité.] (Mus.) The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole.
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The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with Fétis, term the principle of tonality. Helmholtz.
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To-name (t�nām), n. [prep. to + name.] A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.] Jamieson.
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Tonca bean (?). (Bot.) See .
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Tone (tōn), n. [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. tonos a stretching, straining, raising of the voice, pitch, accent, measure or meter, in pl., modes or keys differing in pitch; akin to teinein to stretch or strain. See , and cf. , , fashion, .] 1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone.
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[Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones. Milton.
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Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble.
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2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion.
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Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.
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3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone.
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4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones.
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☞ The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal.
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☞ Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.
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5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor.
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☞ In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone.
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6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as, arterial tone.
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7. State of mind; temper; mood.
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The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke.
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Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant.
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8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory.
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9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.
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10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone.
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11. (Physiol.) Quality, with respect to attendant feeling; the more or less variable complex of emotion accompanying and characterizing a sensation or a conceptual state; as, feeling tone; color tone.
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12. Color quality proper; -- called also hue. Also, a gradation of color, either a hue, or a tint or shade.

She was dressed in a soft cloth of a gray tone. Sir G. Parker.
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13. (Plant Physiol.) The condition of normal balance of a healthy plant in its relations to light, heat, and moisture.
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Coloq. Tone color . (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Coloq. Tone syllable , an accented syllable. M. Stuart.
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Tone (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Toned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.] 1. To utter with an affected tone.
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2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See , v. t.
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3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment.
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Coloq. To tone down . (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius.
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Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley.
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(c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften.
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The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey.
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-- Coloq. To tone up , to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.
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Toned (?), a. Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high-toned; sweet-toned.
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Coloq. Toned paper , paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white.
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Toneless (?), a. Having no tone; unmusical.
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{ Tong (?), Tonge}, n. Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Tong (?), n. [Chinese t'ang, lit., hall.] In China, an association, secret society, or organization of any kind; in the United States, usually, a secret association of Chinese such as that of the highbinders; in the U. S. the tongs have been frequently associated with criminal activity and gang warfare.
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Tonga (?), n. (Med.) A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum.
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Tonga (?), n. [Hind. tāngā, Skr. tamaṅgaka.] A kind of light two-wheeled vehicle, usually for four persons, drawn by ponies or bullocks. [India]
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Tongkang (?), n. (Naut.) A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.
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Tongo (?), n. The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands.
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Tongs (?), n. pl. [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tång, Icel. töng, Gr. daknein to bite, Skr. dañiç, daç. √59. Cf. a strong taste, anything projecting.] An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs.
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Tongue (?), n. [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tuggō, OL. dingua, L. lingua. √243 Cf. , . ]
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1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch.
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☞ The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
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To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.
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2. The power of articulate utterance; speech.
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Parrots imitating human tongue. Dryden.
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3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.
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Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange.
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4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.]
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She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl.
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5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue. Chaucer.
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Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49.
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To speak all tongues. Milton.
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6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions.
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My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18.
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7. A people having a distinct language.
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A will gather all nations and tongues. Isa. lxvi. 18.
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8. (Zoöl.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.
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9. (Zoöl.) Any small sole.
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10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: --
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(a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.
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