Turney - Turtle

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Turney (tûrn�), n. & v. Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer. “In open turney.” Spenser. Milton.
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Turnhalle (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle hall.] A building used as a school of gymnastics.
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Turnicimorphæ (?), pr. n. pl. [NL. See , and .] (Zoöl.) A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera, resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically.
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Turning (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, turns; also, a winding; a bending course; a flexure; a meander.
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Through paths and turnings often trod by day. Milton.
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2. The place of a turn; an angle or corner, as of a road.
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It is preached at every turning. Coleridge.
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3. Deviation from the way or proper course. Harmar.
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4. Turnery, or the shaping of solid substances into various forms by means of a lathe and cutting tools.
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5. pl. The pieces, or chips, detached in the process of turning from the material turned; -- usually used in the plural.
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6. (Mil.) A maneuver by which an enemy or a position is turned.
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Coloq. Turning and boring mill , a kind of lathe having a vertical spindle and horizontal face plate, for turning and boring large work. -- Coloq. Turning bridge . See the Note under . -- Coloq. Turning engine , an engine lathe. -- Coloq. Turning lathe , a lathe used by turners to shape their work. -- Coloq. Turning pair . See the Note under , n. -- Coloq. Turning point , the point upon which a question turns, and which decides a case.
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Turningness, n. The quality of turning; instability; tergiversation. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
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Turnip (tûrnĭp), n. [OE. turnep; probably fr. turn, or F. tour a turn, turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. nǣpe, L. napus. Cf. , v. t., .] (Bot.) The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a cruciferous plant (Brassica campestris, var. Napus); also, the plant itself. [Formerly written also turnep.]
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Coloq. Swedish turnip (Bot.), a kind of turnip. See . -- Coloq. Turnip flea (Zoöl.), a small flea-beetle (Haltica, striolata syn. Phyllotreta striolata), which feeds upon the turnip, and often seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects which are injurious to turnips. See Illust. under . -- Coloq. Turnip fly . (Zoöl.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly (Anthomyia radicum) whose larvæ live in the turnip root.
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Turnip-shell (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several large, thick, spiral marine shells belonging to Rapa and allied genera, somewhat turnip-shaped.
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Turnix (?), n. [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicidæ. These birds resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent islands, where they are called quails (see , n., 3.). See .
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Turnkey (tûrnkē), n.; pl. Turnkeys (tûrkēz). 1. A person who has charge of the keys of a prison, for opening and fastening the doors; a warder.
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2. (Dentistry) An instrument with a hinged claw, -- used for extracting teeth with a twist.
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turnkey (tûrnkē), a. Of or pertaining to a building, complex device, system, or industrial installation which is sold by a contractor only after it is ready for immediate occupation or use; fully functional and ready for use; -- used of complex systems of a type which often require preparation or installation by the user before being capable of functioning as intended; as, a turnkey ethylene production plant; a turnkey apartment building.
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Turn-out (tûrnout), n.; pl. Turn-outs (tûrnouts). 1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages; a strike; -- opposed to lockout.
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2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a switch.
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3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an equipage; as, a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have a fine turn-out.
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4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their houses, for a special purpose; the number in attendance at a gathering; as, a light turnout for the election.
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5. Net quantity of produce yielded.
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6. A space alongside a highway where vehicles may stop, esp. for emergency purposes, or to admire the view.
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Turnover (tûrnōvẽr), n. 1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as, a bad turnover in a carriage.
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2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials; as, an apple turnover.
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3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time.
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Turnover, a. Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as, a turnover collar, etc.
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Turnpike (?), n. [Turn + pike.] 1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See , 1.
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I move upon my axle like a turnpike. B. Jonson.
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2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a tollgate.
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3. A turnpike road. De Foe.
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4. A winding stairway. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
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5. (Mil.) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de-frise. [R.]
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Coloq. Turnpike man , a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. -- Coloq. Turnpike road , a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building, repairing, etc.
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Turnpike (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Turnpiked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Turnpiking.] To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; to throw into a rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles.
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Turnplate (?), n. A turntable.
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Turn-sick (?), a. Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon.
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Turn-sick, n. (Far.) A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy. See .
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Turnsole (?), n. [F. tournesol, It. tornasole; tornare to turn (LL. tornare) + sole the sun, L. sol. See , , a., and cf. .] [Written also turnsol.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Heliotropium; heliotrope; -- so named because its flowers are supposed to turn toward the sun. (b) The sunflower. (c) A kind of spurge (Euphorbia Helioscopia). (d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora tinctoria.
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2. (Chem.) (a) Litmus. [Obs.] (b) A purple dye obtained from the plant turnsole. See def. 1 (d).
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Turnspit (?), n. 1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in some menial office.
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His lordship is his majesty's turnspit. Burke.
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2. (Zoöl.) A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which meat was roasting.
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Turnstile (?), n. 1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See , n., 1.
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2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like.
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Turnstone (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of limicoline birds of the genera Strepsilas and Arenaria, allied to the plovers, especially the common American and European species (Strepsilas interpres). They are so called from their habit of turning up small stones in search of mollusks and other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird, sand runner, sea quail, sea lark, sparkback, and skirlcrake.
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Coloq. Black turnstone , the California turnstone (Arenaria melanocephala). The adult in summer is mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest and forehead, and two white loral spots.
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Turntable (?), n. A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also turnplate.
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Turnus (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli, mentioned in the Æneid.] (Zoöl.) A common, large, handsome, American swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio glaucus syn. Jasoniades glaucus. The wings are yellow, margined and barred with black, and with an orange-red spot near the posterior angle of the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under .
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Turnverein (?), n. [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a union.] A company or association of gymnasts and athletes.
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Turnwrest (tûrnrĕst), n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in Kent. (b) Designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.] Knight.
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Turonian (?), n. (Geol.) One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided.
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Turpentine (tûrpĕntīn), n. [F. térébenthine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. terebinqos, terminqos. See .] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree (Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.
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☞ There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree (Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europæa. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under ). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine (Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir (Abies pectinata).
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Coloq. Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc. -- Coloq. Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larvæ eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. -- Coloq. Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See , above.
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Turpentine State. North Carolina; -- a nickname alluding to its extensive production of turpentine.
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Turpeth (?), n. [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a purgative root. Cf. .] [Written also turbeth, and turbith.] 1. (Bot.) The root of Ipomœa Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; -- sometimes called vegetable turpeth.
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2. (Chem.) A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4, which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- called also turpeth mineral.
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Turpin (?), n. (Zoöl.) A land tortoise. [Obs.]
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Turpitude (?), n. [L. turpitudo, from turpis foul, base.] Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak.
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{ Turquoise, Turquois } (?; 277), n. [F. turquoise; cf. Pr. & Sp. turquesa, It. turchese, turchina, LL. turchesius, turchina; -- so called because first brought from Turkey. See 1st .] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois.]
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☞ Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.
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Turquoise, a. Having a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral turquoise.
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Turrel (?), n. [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to fasten doors or windows.] A certain tool used by coopers. Sherwood.
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Turret (?), n. [OE. touret, OF. tourette, dim. of tour a tower, L. turris. See .]
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1. (Arch.) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure.
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2. (Anc. Mil.) A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.
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3. (Mil.) A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land.
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4. (Railroads) The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation.
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Coloq. Turret clock , a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. -- Coloq. Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. -- Coloq. Turret lathe , a turning lathe having a turret head. -- Coloq. Turret ship , an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction.
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Turret deck. A narrow superstructure running from stem to stern on the upper deck of a steam cargo vessel having a rounded gunwale and sides curved inward convexly.
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Turreted, a. 1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zoöl.), having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; -- said of certain spiral shells.
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2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp. Bacon.
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Turrethead. an attachment fitted to a lathe or other machinery which holds a variety of tools which can act on the object being worked, and which are interchangeable by a pivoting motion, thus allowing efficient performance of multiple operations; -- also called a turret.
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Turret lathe. a lathe fitted with a turrethead.
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Turret steamer. A whaleback steamer with a hatch coaming, usually about seven feet high, extending almost continuously fore and aft.
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Turribant (?), n. [See .] A turban. [Obs.]
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With hundred turrets like a turribant. Spenser.
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Turrical (?), a. Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower.
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{ Turriculate (?), Turriculated (?), } a. [L. turricula small tower, turret.] Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets; somewhat turreted.
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Turrilite (?), n. [L. turris tower + Gr. � stone: cf. F. turrilite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate.
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Turritella (?), n. [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zoöl.) Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum.
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Turritelloid (?), a. [Turritella + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.
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Turtle (tûrt'l), n. [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. the sea tortoise.] (Zoöl.) The turtledove.
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Turtle, n. [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and E. tortoise.]
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