Vertebral - Vespa

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Vertebral (vẽrt�br�l), a. [Cf. F. vertébral.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebra, vertebræ, or the vertebral column; spinal; rachidian.
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2. Vertebrate.
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Vertebral, n. (Zoöl.) A vertebrate. [R.]
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Vertebrally, adv. (Anat.) At or within a vertebra or vertebræ; -- distinguished from interverterbrally.
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Vertebrarterial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebra or vertebræ and an artery; -- said of the foramina in the transverse processes of cervical vertebræ and of the canal which they form for the vertebral artery and vein.
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Vertebrata (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, comprising all animals that have a backbone composed of bony or cartilaginous vertebræ, together with Amphioxus in which the backbone is represented by a simple undivided notochord. The Vertebrata always have a dorsal, or neural, cavity above the notochord or backbone, and a ventral, or visceral, cavity below it. The subdivisions or classes of Vertebrata are Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces, Marsipobranchia, and Leptocardia.
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Vertebrate (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Vertebrata.
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{ Vertebrate (?), Vertebrated (?), } a. [L. vertebratus.] 1. (Anat.) Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia, and fishes.
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2. (Bot.) Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the spine in animals. Henslow.
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3. (Zoöl.) Having movable joints resembling vertebræ; -- said of the arms of ophiurans.
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4. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only in the form vertebrate.
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Vertebre (?), n. (Anat.) A vertebra. [Obs.]
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Vertebro- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, a vertebra, vertebræ, or the vertebral column; as in vertebrocostal.
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Vertebro-iliac (?), a. (Anat.) Iliolumbar.
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Vertex (?), n.; pl. E. Vertexes (#), L. Vertices (#). [L. vertex, -icis, a whirl, top of the head, top, summit, from vertere to turn. See , and cf. .] A turning point; the principal or highest point; top; summit; crown; apex. Specifically: --
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(a) (Anat.) The top, or crown, of the head.
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(b) (Astron.) The zenith, or the point of the heavens directly overhead.
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(c) (Math.) The point in any figure opposite to, and farthest from, the base; the terminating point of some particular line or lines in a figure or a curve; the top, or the point opposite the base.
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☞ The principal vertex of a conic section is, in the parabola, the vertex of the axis of the curve: in the ellipse, either extremity of either axis, but usually the left-hand vertex of the transverse axis; in the hyperbola, either vertex, but usually the right-hand vertex of the transverse axis.
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Coloq. Vertex of a curve (Math.), the point in which the axis of the curve intersects it. -- Coloq. Vertex of an angle (Math.), the point in which the sides of the angle meet. -- Coloq. Vertex of a solid , or Coloq. Vertex of a surface of revolution (Math.), the point in which the axis pierces the surface.
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Vertical (?), a. [Cf. F. vertical. See .]
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1. Of or pertaining to the vertex; situated at the vertex, or highest point; directly overhead, or in the zenith; perpendicularly above one.
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Charity . . . is the vertical top of all religion. Jer. Taylor.
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2. Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; upright; plumb; as, a vertical line.
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Coloq. Vertical angle (Astron. & Geod.), an angle measured on a vertical circle, called an angle of elevation, or altitude, when reckoned from the horizon upward, and of depression when downward below the horizon. -- Coloq. Vertical anthers (Bot.), such anthers as stand erect at the top of the filaments. -- Coloq. Vertical circle (Astron.), an azimuth circle. See under . -- Coloq. Vertical drill , an upright drill. See under . -- Coloq. Vertical fire (Mil.), the fire, as of mortars, at high angles of elevation. -- Coloq. Vertical leaves (Bot.), leaves which present their edges to the earth and the sky, and their faces to the horizon, as in the Australian species of Eucalyptus. -- Coloq. Vertical limb , a graduated arc attached to an instrument, as a theodolite, for measuring vertical angles. -- Coloq. Vertical line . (a) (Dialing) A line perpendicular to the horizon. (b) (Conic Sections) A right line drawn on the vertical plane, and passing through the vertex of the cone. (c) (Surv.) The direction of a plumb line; a line normal to the surface of still water. (d) (Geom., Drawing, etc.) A line parallel to the sides of a page or sheet, in distinction from a horizontal line parallel to the top or bottom. -- Coloq. Vertical plane . (a) (Conic Sections) A plane passing through the vertex of a cone, and through its axis. (b) (Projections) Any plane which passes through a vertical line. (c) (Persp.) The plane passing through the point of sight, and perpendicular to the ground plane, and also to the picture. -- Coloq. Vertical sash , a sash sliding up and down. Cf. French sash, under 3d . -- Coloq. Vertical steam engine , a steam engine having the crank shaft vertically above or below a vertical cylinder.
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Vertical, n. 1. Vertical position; zenith. [R.]
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2. (Math.) A vertical line, plane, or circle.
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Coloq. Prime vertical , Coloq. Prime vertical dial . See under , a.
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Verticality (?), n. The quality or state of being vertical; verticalness. [R.]
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The different points of the verticality. Sir T. Browne.
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Vertically (?), adv. In a vertical manner, position, or direction; perpendicularly; as, to look down vertically; to raise a thing vertically.
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Verticalness, n. Quality or state of being vertical.
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Verticil (?), n. [L. verticillus, dim. of vertex a whirl: cf. F. verticille. See .] (Bot.) A circle either of leaves or flowers about a stem at the same node; a whorl. [Written also verticel.]
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Verticillaster (?), a. [NL., fr. L. verticillus a whirl + aster a star.] (Bot.) A whorl of flowers apparently of one cluster, but composed of two opposite axillary cymes, as in mint. See Illust. of .
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{ Verticillate (?; 277), Verticillated (?), } a. [See .] (Bot. & Zoöl.) Arranged in a transverse whorl or whorls like the rays of a wheel; as, verticillate leaves of a plant; a verticillate shell.
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Verticillus (?), n. [L., a whirl.] (Bot.) A whorl; a verticil.
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Verticity (?), n. [Cf. F. verticité. See .] The quality or power of turning; revolution; rotation. [R.] Locke.
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I hardly believe he hath from elder times unknown the verticity of the loadstone. Sir T. Browne.
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Verticle (?), n. [L. verticula a joint.] An axis; a hinge; a turning point. E. Waterhouse.
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Vertiginate (?), a. Turned round; giddy. [R.] Coleridge.
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Vertiginous (?), a. [L. vertiginosus, fr. vertigo a whirling around, giddiness: cf. F. vertigineux. See .] 1. Turning round; whirling; rotary; revolving; as, a vertiginous motion.
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Some vertiginous whirl of fortune. De Quincey.
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2. Affected with vertigo; giddy; dizzy.
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They [the angels] grew vertiginous, and fell from the battlements of heaven. Jer. Taylor.
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-- Vertiginously, adv. -- Vertiginousness, n.
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Vertigo (?; 277), n.; pl. E. Vertigoes (#), L. Vertigines (#). [L., fr. vertere to turn. See .] 1. (Med.) Dizziness or swimming of the head; an affection of the head in which objects, though stationary, appear to move in various directions, and the person affected finds it difficult to maintain an erect posture; giddiness. Quain.
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2. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small land snails belonging to the genus Vertigo, having an elongated or conical spiral shell and usually teeth in the aperture.
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Vertilinear (?), a. [Vertical + linear.] Straight; rectilinear. [R.]
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Vertu (?), n. 1. Virtue; power. See . [Obs.] Chaucer.
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2. See .
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Vertuous (?), a. Virtuous; powerful. [Obs.] Spenser.
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Verumontanum (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) An elevation, or crest, in the wall of the urethra where the seminal ducts enter it.
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☞ This is sometimes written veru montanum.
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Vervain (?), n. [OE. verveine, F. verveine, fr. L. verbena, pl. verbenae sacred boughs of laurel, olive, or myrtle, a class of plants; cf. verbenaca vervain. Cf. .] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Verbena.
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Coloq. Vervain mallow (Bot.), a species of mallow (Malva Alcea) with rose-colored flowers.
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Verve, n. [F.] Excitement of imagination such as animates a poet, artist, or musician, in composing or performing; rapture; enthusiasm; spirit; energy.
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Vervel (?), n. See .
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Vervet (?), n. (Zoöl.) A South African monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus syn. Cercopithecus Lelandii). The upper parts are grayish green, finely specked with black. The cheeks and belly are reddish white.
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Very (vĕr�), a. [Compar. Verier (vĕrĭẽr); superl. Veriest.] [OE. verai, verray, OF. verai, vrai, F. vrai, (assumed) LL. veracus, for L. verax true, veracious, fr. verus true; akin to OHG. & OS. wār, G. wahr, D. waar; perhaps originally, that is or exists, and akin to E. was. Cf. , v. t., , , .] True; real; actual; veritable.
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Whether thou be my very son Esau or not. Gen. xxvii. 21.
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He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends. Prov. xvii. 9.
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The very essence of truth is plainness and brightness. Milton.
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I looked on the consideration of public service or public ornament to be real and very justice. Burke.
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☞ Very is sometimes used to make the word with which it is connected emphatic, and may then be paraphrased by same, self-same, itself, and the like. “The very hand, the very words.” Shak. “The very rats instinctively have quit it.” Shak. “Yea, there where very desolation dwells.” Milton. Very is used occasionally in the comparative degree, and more frequently in the superlative. “Was not my lord the verier wag of the two?” Shak. “The veriest hermit in the nation.” Pope. “He had spoken the very truth, and transformed it into the veriest falsehood.” Hawthorne.
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Coloq. Very Reverend . See the Note under .
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Very (vĕr�), adv. In a high degree; to no small extent; exceedingly; excessively; extremely; as, a very great mountain; a very bright sun; a very cold day; the river flows very rapidly; he was very much hurt.
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{ Very's night signals, or Very night signals } (?). [After Lieut. Samuel W. Very, who invented the system in 1877.] (Naut.) A system of signaling in which balls of red and green fire are fired from a pistol, the arrangement in groups denoting numbers having a code significance. The pistol used to fire the signal flare is called a Coloq. Very pistol .
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Vesbium (?), n. [NL., from L. Vesuvius, contr. Vesbius, Vesuvius.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of which little is known. It is said by Scacchi to have been extracted from a yellowish incrustation from the cracks of a Vesuvian lava erupted in 1631. It is not a recognized element. Actual identity?
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Vese (vēz), n. [Cf. , n.] Onset; rush; violent draught or wind. [Obs.] Chaucer.
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Vesica (?), n. [L.] A bladder.
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Coloq. Vesica piscis . [L., fish bladder.] (Eccl. Art) A glory, or aureole, of oval shape, or composed of two arcs of circles usually represented as surrounding a divine personage. More rarely, an oval composed of two arcs not representing a glory; a solid oval, etc.
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Vesical (?), a. [L. vesica bladder.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bladder. Dunglison.
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Vesicant (?), n. [L. vesica blister: cf. F. vésicant.] (Med.) A vesicatory.
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Vesicate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vesicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Vesicating.] [See .] (Med.) To raise little bladders or blisters upon; to inflame and separate the cuticle of; to blister. Wiseman.
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Vesication (?), n. [Cf. F. vésication.] (Med.) The process of vesicating, or of raising blisters.
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Vesicatory (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. vésicatoire.] (Med.) Tending, or having power, to raise a blister. -- n. A blistering application or plaster; a vesicant; an epispastic.
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Vesicle (?), n. [L. vesicula, dim. of vesica a bladder, blister; akin to Skr. vasti bladder: cf. F. vésicule.] A bladderlike vessel; a membranous cavity; a cyst; a cell. Specifically: --
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(a) (Bot.) A small bladderlike body in the substance of a vegetable, or upon the surface of a leaf.
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(b) (Med.) A small, and more or less circular, elevation of the cuticle, containing a clear watery fluid.
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(c) (Anat.) A cavity or sac, especially one filled with fluid; as, the umbilical vesicle.
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(d) (Zoöl.) A small convex hollow prominence on the surface of a shell or a coral.
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(e) (Geol.) A small cavity, nearly spherical in form, and usually of the size of a pea or smaller, such as are common in some volcanic rocks. They are produced by the liberation of watery vapor in the molten mass.
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Vesico- (?). A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, the bladder; as in vesicoprostatic, vesicovaginal.
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Vesicoprostatic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bladder and the prostate gland.
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Vesicouterine (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bladder and the uterus.
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Vesicovaginal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bladder and the vagina.
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Vesicula (?), n.; pl. Vesiculæ . [L., dim. of vesica.] (Anat. & Med.) A vesicle.
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Vesicular (?), a. [Cf. F. vésiculaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to vesicles; esp., of or pertaining to the air vesicles, or air cells, of the lungs; as, vesicular breathing, or normal breathing, in which the air enters freely the air vesicles of the lungs.
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2. Containing, or composed of, vesicles or vesiclelike structures; covered with vesicles or bladders; vesiculate; as, a vesicular coral; vesicular lava; a vesicular leaf.
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3. Having the form or structure of a vesicle; as, a vesicular body.
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Coloq. Vesicular column (Anat.), a series of nerve cells forming one of the tracts distinguished in the spinal cord; -- also called the ganglionic column. -- Coloq. Vesicular emphysema (Med.), emphysema of the lungs, in which the air vesicles are distended and their walls ruptured. -- Coloq. Vesicular murmur (Med.), the sound, audible on auscultation of the chest, made by the air entering and leaving the air vesicles of the lungs in respiration.
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Vesicularia (?), n. [NL. See .] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of marine Bryozoa belonging to Vesicularia and allied genera. They have delicate tubular cells attached in clusters to slender flexible stems.
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Vesiculata (?), n. pl. [NL. See .] (Zoöl.) The campanularian medusæ.
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Vesiculate (?), a. Bladdery; full of, or covered with, bladders; vesicular.
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Vesiculate (?), v. t. To form vesicles in, as lava.
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Vesiculation (?), n. (Geol.) The state of containing vesicles, or the process by which vesicles are formed.
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Vesiculitis (?), n. [NL.; vesicula + -itis.] Inflammation of a vesicle.
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{ Vesiculose (?), Vesiculous (?), } a. [L. vesiculosus: cf. F. vésiculeux.] Bladdery; vesicular; vesiculate; composed of vesicles; covered with vesicles; as, a vesiculose shell.
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Vespa (vĕspȧ), prop. n. [L., wasp.] (Zoöl.) A genus of Hymenoptera including the common wasps and hornets.
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