Vilipend - Vine

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Vilipend (?), v. t. [L. vilipendere; vilis vile + pendere to weigh, to value: cf. F. vilipender.] To value lightly; to depreciate; to slight; to despise.
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To vilipend the art of portrait painting. Longfellow.
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Vilipendency (?), n. Disesteem; slight; disparagement. [R.] E. Waterhouse.
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Vility (?), n. [L. vilitas: cf. F. vileté, vilité, OF. vilté.] Vileness; baseness. [Obs.] Kennet.
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Vill (?), n. [OF. ville, vile, a village, F. ville a town, city. See .] A small collection of houses; a village. “Every manor, town, or vill.” Sir M. Hale.
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Not should e'er the crested fowl
From thorp or vill his matins sound for me. Wordsworth.
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☞ A word of various significations in English, law; as, a manor; a tithing; a town; a township; a parish; a part of a parish; a village. The original meaning of vill, in England, seems to have been derived from the Roman sense of the term villa, a single country residence or farm; a manor. Later, the term was applied only to a collection of houses more than two, and hence came to comprehend towns. Burrill. The statute of Exeter, 14 Edward I., mentions entire-vills, demivills, and hamlets.
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Villa (?), n.; pl. Villas (#). [L. villa, LL. also village, dim. of L. vicus a village: cf. It. & F. villa. See , and cf. , , .] A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some pretensions to elegance. Dryden. Cowper.
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Village (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. villaticus belonging to a country house or villa. See , and cf. .] A small assemblage of houses in the country, less than a town or city.
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Coloq. Village cart , a kind of two-wheeled pleasure carriage without a top.
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Syn. -- , , , . In England, a hamlet denotes a collection of houses, too small to have a parish church. A village has a church, but no market. A town has both a market and a church or churches. A city is, in the legal sense, an incorporated borough town, which is, or has been, the place of a bishop's see. In the United States these distinctions do not hold.
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Villager (?), n. An inhabitant of a village.
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Brutus had rather be a villager
Than to repute himself a son of Rome
Under these hard condition. Shak.
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Villagery (?), n. Villages; a district of villages. [Obs.] “The maidens of the villagery.” Shak.
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Villain (?), n. [OE. vilein, F. vilain, LL. villanus, from villa a village, L. villa a farm. See .]
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1. (Feudal Law) One who holds lands by a base, or servile, tenure, or in villenage; a feudal tenant of the lowest class, a bondman or servant. [In this sense written also villan, and villein.]
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If any of my ansectors was a tenant, and a servant, and held his lands as a villain to his lord, his posterity also must do so, though accidentally they become noble. Jer. Taylor.
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☞ Villains were of two sorts; villains regardant, that is, annexed to the manor (LL. adscripti glebæ); and villains in gross, that is, annexed to the person of their lord, and transferable from one to another. Blackstone.
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2. A baseborn or clownish person; a boor. [R.]
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Pour the blood of the villain in one basin, and the blood of the gentleman in another, what difference shall there be proved? Becon.
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3. A vile, wicked person; a man extremely depraved, and capable or guilty of great crimes; a deliberate scoundrel; a knave; a rascal; a scamp.
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Like a villain with a smiling cheek. Shak.
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Calm, thinking villains, whom no faith could fix. Pope.
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Villain, a. [F. vilain.] Villainous. [R.] Shak.
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Villain, v. t. To debase; to degrade. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
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Villainous (?), a. [Written also villanous.]
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1. Base; vile; mean; depraved; as, a villainous person or wretch.
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2. Proceeding from, or showing, extreme depravity; suited to a villain; as, a villainous action.
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3. Sorry; mean; mischievous; -- in a familiar sense. “A villainous trick of thine eye.” Shak.
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Coloq. Villainous judgment (O. E. Law), a judgment that casts reproach on the guilty person.
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--- Villainously, adv. Villainousness, n.
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Villainy (?), n.; pl. Villainies (#). [OE. vilanie, OF. vilanie, vilainie, vileinie, vilanie, LL. villania. See , n.] [Written also villany.] 1. The quality or state of being a villain, or villainous; extreme depravity; atrocious wickedness; as, the villainy of the seducer. “Lucre of vilanye.” Chaucer.
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The commendation is not in his wit, but in his villainy. Shak.
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2. Abusive, reproachful language; discourteous speech; foul talk. [Archaic]
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He never yet not vileinye ne said
In all his life, unto no manner wight. Chaucer.
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In our modern language, it [foul language] is termed villainy, as being proper for rustic boors, or men of coarsest education and employment. Barrow.
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Villainy till a very late day expressed words foul and disgraceful to the utterer much oftener than deeds. Trench.
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3. The act of a villain; a deed of deep depravity; a crime.
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Such villainies roused Horace into wrath. Dryden.
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That execrable sum of all villainies commonly called a slave trade. John Wesley.
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Villakin (?), n. A little villa. [R.] Gay.
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Villan (?), n. A villain. [R.]
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Villanage (?; 48), n. [OF. villenage, vilenage. See .] 1. (Feudal Law) The state of a villain, or serf; base servitude; tenure on condition of doing the meanest services for the lord. [In this sense written also villenage, and villeinage.]
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I speak even now as if sin were condemned in a perpetual villanage, never to be manumitted. Milton.
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Some faint traces of villanage were detected by the curious so late as the days of the Stuarts. Macaulay.
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2. Baseness; infamy; villainy. [Obs.] Dryden.
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Villanel (?), n. [See .] A ballad. [Obs.] Cotton.
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Villanella (?), n.; pl. Villanelle (#). [It., a pretty country girl.] (Mus.) An old rustic dance, accompanied with singing.
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Villanelle (?), n. [F.] A poem written in tercets with but two rhymes, the first and third verse of the first stanza alternating as the third verse in each successive stanza and forming a couplet at the close. E. W. Gosse.
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Villanette (?), n. [Dim. of villa; formed on the analogy of the French.] A small villa. [R.]
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Villanize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Villanized; p. pr. & vb. n. Villanizing (?).] To make vile; to debase; to degrade; to revile. [R.]
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Were virtue by descent, a noble name
Could never villanize his father's fame. Dryden.
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Villanizer (?), n. One who villanizes. [R.]
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Villanous (?), a. Villanously, adv., Villanousness, n., See , etc.
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Villany (?), n. See .
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Villatic (?), a. [L. villaticus belonging to a country house. See .] Of or pertaining to a farm or a village; rural. “Tame villatic fowl.” Milton.
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Villein (?), n. (Feudal Law) See , 1.
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Villenage (?), n. [See .] (Feudal Law) Villanage. Blackstone.
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Villenous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a villein.
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Villi (?), n., pl. of .
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Villiform (?), a. [Villus + -form.] Having the form or appearance of villi; like close-set fibers, either hard or soft; as, the teeth of perch are villiform.
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Villose (?), a. (Bot.) See .
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Villosity (?), n. 1. State of being villous.
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2. (Bot.) A coating of long, slender hairs.
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3. (Anat.) A villus.
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Villous (?), a. [L. villosus: cf. F. villeux. Cf. .] 1. Abounding in, or covered with, fine hairs, or a woolly substance; shaggy with soft hairs; nappy.
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2. (Anat.) Furnished or clothed with villi.
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Villus (?), n.; pl. Villi (#). [L., shaggy hair, a tuft of hair.] 1. (Anat.) One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface.
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2. pl. (Bot.) Fine hairs on plants, resembling the pile of velvet.
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Vim (?), n. [L., accusative of vis strength.] Power; force; energy; spirit; activity; vigor. [Colloq.]
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Vimen (?), n. [L., a twig.] (Bot.) A long, slender, flexible shoot or branch.
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Viminal (?; 277), a. [L. viminalis pertaining to osiers, fr. vimen a pliant twig, osier.] Of or pertaining to twigs; consisting of twigs; producing twigs.
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Vimineous (?; 277), a. [L. vimineus, fr. vimen pliant twig.] 1. Of or pertaining to twigs; made of pliant twigs. “In the hive's vimineous dome.” Prior.
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2. (Bot.) Producing long, slender twigs or shoots.
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Vinaceous (?; 277), a. [L. vinaceus. See .] 1. Belonging to, or like, wine or grapes.
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2. Of the color of wine, especially of red wine.
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Vinaigrette (?), n. [F., fr. vinaigre vinegar.] 1. (Cookery) A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, -- used esp. for cold meats.
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2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; -- called also vinegarette.
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3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a boy or man. [R.]
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Vinaigrous (?), a. [F. vinaigre vinegar.] 1. Resembling vinegar; sour.
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2. [Fig.]: Unamiable; morose. Carlyle.
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Vinasse (?), n. [F.] (Chem.) The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar, -- used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.
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Vinatico (?), n. [Pg. vinhatico.] Madeira mahogany; the coarse, dark-colored wood of the Persea Indica.
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Vincentian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Saint Vincent de Paul, or founded by him. [R.]
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Vincentian, n. (R. C. Ch.) (a) Same as . (b) A member of certain charitable sisterhoods.
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Vincetoxin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the root of the white swallowwort (Vincetoxicum officinale, a plant of the Asclepias family) as a bitter yellow amorphous substance; -- called also asclepiadin, and cynanchin.
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Vincibility (?), n. The quality or state of being vincible, vincibleness.
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Vincible (?), a. [L. vincibilis, fr. vincere to vanquish, conquer: cf. F. vincible. See .] Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. “He, not vincible in spirit . . . drew his sword.” Hayward. “Vincible by human aid.” Paley.
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Coloq. Vincible ignorance (Theol.), ignorance within the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible before God.
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Vincibleness, n. The quality or state of being vincible.
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Vincture (?; 135), n. [L. vinctura, fr. vincire, vinctum, to bind.] A binding. [Obs.]
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Vinculum (?), n.; pl. L. Vincula (#), E. Vinculums (#). [L., from vincire, vinctum, to bind.] 1. A bond of union; a tie.
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2. (Math.) A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation, as in the expression x2 + y2 - x + y.
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3. (Anat.) A band or bundle of fibers; a frænum.
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4. (Zoöl.) A commissure uniting the two main tendons in the foot of certain birds.
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Vindemial (?), a. [L. vindemialis, fr. vindemia a vintage. See .] Of or pertaining to a vintage, or grape harvest. [R.]
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Vindemiate (?), v. i. [L. vindemiare. See .] To gather the vintage. [Obs.] Evelyn.
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Vindemiation (?), n. [LL. vindemiatio.] The operation of gathering grapes. [Obs.] Bailey.
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Vindicable (?), a. Capable of being vindicated. -- Vindicability (#), n.
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Vindicate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Vindicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Vindicating.] [L. vindicatus, p. p. of vindicare to lay claim to, defend, avenge. See .] 1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.]
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Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain?
The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Pope.
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2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title.
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3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure, or objections; to defend; to justify.
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When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts.
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Laugh where we must, be candid where we can,
But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope.
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4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies. Milton.
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5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.]
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I am confident he deserves much more
That vindicates his country from a tyrant
Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger.
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6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity. [Obs.] Bacon.
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God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion. Bp. Pearson.
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Syn. -- To assert; maintain; claim. See .
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Vindication (?), n. [L. vindicatio a laying claim, defense, vindication. See .] 1. The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete.
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Occasion for the vindication of this passage in my book. Locke.
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2. (Civil Law) The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or title in, or to, a thing. Burrill.
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Vindicative (?; 277), a. [Cf. F. vindicatif. Cf. .] 1. Tending to vindicate; vindicating; as, a vindicative policy.
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2. Revengeful; vindictive. [Obs.]
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Vindicative persons live the life of witches, who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate. Bacon.
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-- Vindicativeness, n.
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Vindicator (?), n. [LL., an avenger.] One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains. Locke.
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Vindicatory (?), a. 1. Tending or serving to vindicate or justify; justificatory; vindicative.
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2. Inflicting punishment; avenging; punitory.
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The afflictions of Job were no vindicatory punishments to take vengeance of his sins. Abp. Bramhall.
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Vindictive (?), a. [For vindicative, confused with L. vindicta revenge, punishment, fr. vindicare to vindicate. Cf. .] 1. Disposed to revenge; prompted or characterized by revenge; revengeful.
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I am vindictive enough to repel force by force. Dryden.
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2. Punitive. [Obs.]
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Coloq. Vindictive damages . (Law) See under , n.
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-- Vindictively, adv. -- Vindictiveness, n.
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Vine (?), n. [F. vigne, L. vinea a vineyard, vine from vineus of or belonging to wine, vinum wine, grapes. See , and cf. .] (Bot.) (a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. (b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine; the bean vine; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants.
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There shall be no grapes on the vine. Jer. viii. 13.
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And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine, and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89.
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Coloq. Vine apple (Bot.), a small kind of squash. Roger Williams. -- Coloq. Vine beetle (Zoöl.), any one of several species of beetles which are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the more important species are the grapevine fidia (see ), the spotted Pelidnota (see ), the vine fleabeetle (Graptodera chalybea), the rose beetle (see under ), the vine weevil, and several species of Colaspis and Anomala. -- Coloq. Vine borer . (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvæ bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially Sinoxylon basilare, a small species the larva of which bores in the stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris, a small reddish brown weevil (called also vine weevil), which produces knotlike galls on the branches. (b) A clearwing moth (Ægeria polistiformis), whose larva bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive. -- Coloq. Vine dragon , an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.] Holland. -- Coloq. Vine forester (Zoöl.), any one of several species of moths belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larvæ feed on the leaves of the grapevine. -- Coloq. Vine fretter (Zoöl.), a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that injuries the grapevine. -- Coloq. Vine grub (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of insect larvæ that are injurious to the grapevine. -- Coloq. Vine hopper (Zoöl.), any one of several species of leaf hoppers which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis. See Illust. of Grape hopper, under . -- Coloq. Vine inchworm (Zoöl.), the larva of any species of geometrid moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria diversilineata. -- Coloq. Vine-leaf rooer (Zoöl.), a small moth (Desmia maculalis) whose larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The moth is brownish black, spotted with white. -- Coloq. Vine louse (Zoöl.), the phylloxera. -- Coloq. Vine mildew (Bot.), a fungous growth which forms a white, delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant has been called Oidium Tuckeri, but is now thought to be the conidia-producing stage of an Erysiphe. -- Coloq. Vine of Sodom (Bot.), a plant named in the Bible (Deut. xxxii. 32), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple of Sodom, under . -- Coloq. Vine sawfly (Zoöl.), a small black sawfiy (Selandria vitis) whose larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larvæ stand side by side in clusters while feeding. -- Coloq. Vine slug (Zoöl.), the larva of the vine sawfly. -- Coloq. Vine sorrel (Bot.), a climbing plant (Cissus acida) related to the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the West Indies. -- Coloq. Vine sphinx (Zoöl.), any one of several species of hawk moths. The larvæ feed on grapevine leaves. -- Coloq. Vine weevil . (Zoöl.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall, under .
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